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20 March 2023, Volume 29 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Special Thesis & Basic Research
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Special Thesis & Basic Research

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Analysis of China’s Rice Industry in 2022 and the Outlook for 2023 XU Chunchun, JI Long, CHEN Zhongdu, FANG Fuping 2023, 29(2): 1-4.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (558KB) ( )   In 2022, the total production of rice in China has been kept at over 200 million tons for twelve consecutive years with the area decreased slightly, and the yield has declined because of the disaster. The price of rice in the domestic market was stable and then rising, and there were an obvious difference in prices between high quality rice and common rice. Rice imports exceeded the country's import quota for the first time, while a slight decrease in exports was found. The quality structure of varieties was continuously optimized, but the number of varieties approved decreased significantly. The production scale was orderly expand, the green and smart technology in rice production revealed a momentum for rapid growth. It is expected that the rice area will increase slightly, the yield will remain stable, the rice market will rise steadily, high-quality rice will develop rapidly, and smart rice farming will be further promoted in 2023.

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Moderate Increase Production of Early Indica Rice to Guarante Grain Security in China ZHENG Hongming 2023, 29(2): 5-11.  DOI: 10.3969/jissn.1006-8082.2023.02.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (818KB) ( )   Since the reform and opening-up, the early indica rice production first increased and then suppressed. In recent years, the early indica rice production has been continuously wandering below 30 million tons, and the market supply and demand are gradually tightening while the price trend is strong. It is necessary to increase the yield of early indica rice moderately under the current situation because of its great significance to the food security of China. The different rotation modes such as the “early indica rice plus autumn soybean” in the main producing areas of early indica rice is a good way to stabilize grain efficiency and improve soil conditions by comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of them. These model can generate a modest increase in the yield of early indica rice, improve soybean supply and appropriately reduce the purchase price of mid-late indica rice, mealwhile improve soil and raise rice yield per unit area, and make the structure of the three major rice types and grain types more reasonable.

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Research Advances and Prospects of Evaluation Methods and Mechanisms of Rice Lodging Resistance OUYANG Hui, YANG Xianli, WANG Lizhi, ZHANG TianChi, CHI Liyong, ZHAO Qian, ZHANG Xijuan, LI Mingxian, LI Zhongjie, LI Rui, SUN Bing, WU Xiaoxia, WU Liren, LV Guoyi, JIANG Shukun 2023, 29(2): 12-17.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (739KB) ( )   Lodging is one of the main limiting factors affecting rice production. It can damage the canopy structure, decrease the leaf photosynthesis rate and increase the population humidity. These undesirable factors could induce fungal diseases, cause spike germination, and then affect the quality and the yield of grain. This paper reviewed the research status of the evaluation methods of rice lodging and inducing causes, the relationship between lodging resistance and the physical and chemical properties of the stem, and the identification and functional study of lodging resistance genes. We compared the characteristics of different rice lodging evaluation methods, analyzed the effects of plant type, field managements including nitrogen fertilizer management, planting density and planting methods, and environmental factors including the gale, rainstorm, and ozone on lodging, summarized the effects of the physical properties and chemical components of stems including cellulose content, lignin content and the number of vascular bundle on lodging, concluded the regulation mechanism of dwarf related genes and cellulose synthesis related genes involved in lodging resistance in rice. In addition, we prospect the future research on lodging resistance and put forward some research suggestions: (1) Innovating and optimizing the evaluation system of rice lodging; (2) Identifying new lodging resistance genes and strengthening the mechanism research of rice lodging resistance; (3) Breeding lodging resistance rice varieties; (4) According to the factors of varieties, cultivation conditions and climate environment, formulating the comprehensive response measures of lodging.

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Research Progress in the Effects of Biochar Input on Paddy Soil Physicochemical Properties, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Rice Yield ZHANG Xingyu, WANG Jun, ZHOU Zhou, ZHOU Shenqi, LIU Lijun 2023, 29(2): 18-23.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (673KB) ( )   Rice is one of the most important cereal crops in China, and paddy field is also the main source of greenhouse gas methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Biochar has been widely used in soil improvement and crop yield improvement due to its strong stability, adsorption and high pH value. At the same time, biochar can affect soil microorganisms in paddy fields, thereby directly or indirectly affecting the emission of greenhouse gases in paddy fields. This paper summarized the effects of biochar on soil physicochemical properties, greenhouse gas emissions and rice yield, and put forward the research direction in the future, so as to provide theoretical and practical basis for efficient rice production and paddy field greenhouse gas emissions reduction.

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Utilization Status of Rice Straw and Research Progress of Feed Processing Technology in China CHEN Xi, ZHANG Xubin, ZHU Wang, WEI Huanhe, MENG Tianyao, ZHOU Guisheng 2023, 29(2): 24-27.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (630KB) ( )   With the improvement of people's living standards, the consumption of beef, mutton and its by-products continues to increase, and the gap between the supply and demand of feed grains is expanding, and the insufficient supply of feed grains is a serious threat to national food security. China is a big crop producing country with a wide variety of straws and a huge quantity, of which the output of rice straw accounts for about 2/3 of the total straw in the country. Rice straw has certain forage value and can be used to feed ruminants. This paper reviewed the current situation of rice production and straw utilization in China, analyzed the feeding value of rice straw, summarized the key techniques of rice straw processing and utilization, put forward the limiting factors affecting the promotion and application of rice straw as feed, and prospected the prospect of comprehensive utilization of rice straw as feed.

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Effects of In Situ Passivation on Remediation Effect and Soil Enzyme Activity of Cadmium Contaminated Soil in Paddy Field CHENG Tong, WANG Xiaobing, DONG Junneng, CHEN Yue, WANG Haichao, FU Kuankuan 2023, 29(2): 28-33.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (663KB) ( )   The effects of four passivators, including sepiolite, lime, iron-modified woody peat and weakly alkaline bio-organic fertilizer, on in situ remediation of cadmium （Cd）-contaminated paddy soil and soil enzyme activities were studied. The results showed that the four passivators could improve soil pH and rice yield, reduce Cd bioavailability in soil and Cd content in brown rice, and the Cd content in brown rice was lower than the national food safety standard limit （Cd≤0.2 mg/kg）. The treatment of applying 1 500 kg/hm2 weakly alkaline bio-organic fertilizer had the best effect on increasing soil pH, from 6.07 to 7.00, an increase of 13.2%. The treatment with 2 500 kg/hm2 iron-modified woody peat had the largest decrease in soil available Cd and brown rice Cd content, from 0.538 mg/kg to 0.232 mg/kg and 0.260 mg/kg to 0.076 mg/kg, respectively, with a decrease of 56.8% and 70.8%. The treatment of 1 500 kg/hm2 weak alkaline bio-organic fertilizer had the best effect of increasing rice yield, with an increase of 6.4%. The activities of invertase, urease and catalase in soil were increased to varying degrees after the application of the four passivators. Among them, the treatment of applying 1 200 kg/hm2 of quicklime had the best effect on improving the activity of invertase in soil, the treatment of applying 2 500 kg/hm2 of iron-modified woody peat had the most obvious effect of improving the activity of urease in soil, the treatment of 1 500 kg/hm2 weak alkaline bio-organic fertilizer had the best effect on improving the activity of catalase in soil. Correlation analysis showed that the Cd content in brown rice was negatively correlated with the activities of soil invertase, urease and catalase, indicating that the application of these four passivators could reduce the Cd content in brown rice. Based on the effects of four passivators on soil available Cd, Cd content in brown rice and soil enzyme activity, iron-modified woody peat is more suitable for remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil.

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Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Dry Matter Accumulation, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of Hybrid Indica Rice under Different Soil Fertility Condition HAN Zhili, XU Guiling, FENG Yuehua, WANG Xiaoke, LU Wei, LI Jie, GAO Yuqi, REN Hongjun, YOU Xiaoxuan 2023, 29(2): 34-39.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (586KB) ( )   Under the conditions of field experiment, Yixiangyou 2115 was used as the test material, and two factors of soil fertility (high, relative high, medium and low) and nitrogen application levels (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg/hm2) were set up, the effects of nitrogen application rate on dry matter accumulation, transportation, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and yield of hybrid indica rice under different soil fertility condition were studied. The results showed that in the range of 0~225 kg/hm2 nitrogen application rate, the dry matter accumulation of before heading and maturity stage increased with the nitrogen application rate increased. From heading stage to mature stage, with the increase of nitrogen application rate, stem-leaf dry matter transport amount and stem-leaf dry matter transport contribution rate to panicle increased first and then decreased. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the nitrogen absorption utilization rate, agronomic utilization rate and partial productivity, as well as 1 000-grain weight and seed setting rate gradually decreased, the number of grains per panicle and yield increased first and then decreased, while the effective panicle number increased. With the decrease of soil fertility conditions, the dry matter accumulation of before and after heading and mature stage and stem-leaf dry matter transport and the contribution rate of stem-leaf dry matter transport to panicle decreased, the fertilizer-N recovery efficiency and physiological efficiency also decreased, while the partial productivity of applied N first increased and then decreased. The number of effective panicles and yield increased with the improvement of soil fertility, while the number of grains per panicle decreased. Regression analysis showed that under the conditions of high, relative high, medium and low soil fertility, the highest yields of rice were 10 829.94, 10 107.20, 9 757.30 and 9 112.37 kg/hm2, respectively, and the appropriate nitrogen application rates were 141.96, 165.47, 154.86 and 152.98 kg/hm2, respectively. In conclusion, moderate nitrogen application rate can make hybrid indica rice obtain higher dry matter accumulation and transport capacity under different soil fertility conditions, as well as higher nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, so as to achieve high and stable yield of hybrid indica rice.

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Effects of Environment-friendly Chinese Medicine Fertilizer Application on Rice Yield,Quality and Pest Control LI Shuangxi, ZHANG Runbai, ZHU Kongzhi, YE Geng, CAO Huan, SHEN Shuyun, LU Weiguang 2023, 29(2): 40-42.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (482KB) ( )   The growth process, yield and other ralated agronomic traits, rice quality traits and pest control performance of 5 rice varieties treated with traditional Chinese medicine fertilizer (TCM fertilizer, 20% less compared with conventional chemical pesticides) were studied in field experiments. The results showed that, compared with the control, TCM fertilizer could significantly shorten the growth process of rice, increase the total grain number per spike, number of spikelets and thousand-grain weight, and increase rice yield by 3.8%-6.7%. Under the treatment of TCM fertilizer, the whole refined rice rate increased by 1.4%~7.3%, and the chalk grain, chalk rate and amylose content decreased by 13.2%-62.2%, 11.6%-59.5% and 1.0%-6.5%, respectively. Under the treatment of TCM fertilizer, the incidence of rice blast decreased by 0.9%-17.7%, the control effect of rice thistle horse and rice leaf rolling borer increased by 2.2%-15.8% and 1.0%-8.2%.

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Effects of Spermidine on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Na+ Homeostasis of Seedlings Roots of Huanghuazhan Rice under Salt Stress HUANG Tingting, ZHENG Dianfeng, FENG Naijie, ZHAO Liming, ZHOU Hongkai, SHEN Xuefeng 2023, 29(2): 43-47.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (633KB) ( )   The effects of exogenous spermidine （Spd） on rice seedling growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, reactive oxygen species （ROS） metabolism, malonic dialdehyde （MDA） and Na+ homeostasis were studied with rice variety Huanghuazhan as the material. The results showed that the content of ROS、·O2-、H2O2、Na+ and MDA were significantly increased in the root of rice seedlings by treated with 100 mmol·L-1 NaCl, meanwhile, the activities of catalase （CAT） and peroxidase （POD） were remarkably reduced. However, the activities of CAT and POD were significantly enhanced by using 0.1 mmol·L-1 Spd, and the content of ROS、·O2-、H2O2、Na+ and MDA were remarkably decreased. So, the damage of Na+ toxicity and membrane oxidation were alleviated, the stability of biofilm system was protected, and the steady state of cells was maintained with Spd under salt stress condition.

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Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Pattern Evolution of Crop Planting Structure in Jiangsu Province ZHANG Rongtian, ZHANG Yun 2023, 29(2): 48-52.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (724KB) ( )   The temporal and spatial changes of crop planting structure in Jiangsu province from 1980 to 2020 were analyzed by using quantitative mathematical statistics, rapid cluster analysis and geographical system spatial analysis. The results showed that, the crop planting area and grain planting area had generally shown a downward trend in the past 40 years, the planting area of wheat and rice had showed a trend of decreasing wave, the proportion of planting decreased significantly in 2002, and then increased slightly. However, the economic crops such as fruits and vegetables had maintained an increasing trend in the past 40 years. The planting area of corn, soybeans and oil crops had a small change. In the past 40 years, there have been 14 types of planting combination patterns, and wheat and rice were in the leading position in the spatial distribution of planting and planting types. The types of economic crops had increased significantly since 2000. In the past 40 years, the temporal and spatial changes of the crop planting structure in Jiangsu Province had changed significantly. Analyzing and grasping the characteristics of the changes can provide a decision-making basis for the optimization of the crop planting structure in Jiangsu Province.

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Brand Construction of Jiangsu Rice under Industrial Revitalization: Historical Experience and Strategic Choice ZHU Weiqiang, ZHANG Yun, XU Zhigang 2023, 29(2): 53-58.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (985KB) ( )   Rice brand construction is an important and necessary means to enhance the competitiveness of the rice market, promote the upgrading and upgrading of the rice industry, optimize the rice industry ecology, and promote the high-quality development of the rice industry. In order to promote Jiangsu’s progress from a large rice industry province to a strong rice industry province, the article analyzed the current situation and the necessity of the rise of Jiangsu rice brand construction and prudently draws on the experience of “Wuchang Rice”, “Jilin Rice”rice brands, and proposed that Jiangsu’s rice industry aims at the mid-to-high-end market in the Yangtze River Delta, speed up the implementation of the unified brand strategy of combining the “Water rhyme Sumi” provincial brand with the “more special and more excellent” regional brand, so as to realize the integration of the Sumi brand, group operations, and continuously improve the market supply and demand fit degree, and strengthen the dominant position of Jiangsu rice market. In addition, the article put forward policy recommendations for strengthening the overall coordination of the government, launching the “Water rhyme Sumi” provincial brand, creating a “more special and more excellent” regional brand, improving the standardization and quality of rice production, brand marketing promotion, rice market circulation and regulation, scientific research and innovation, government policy support.

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Effects of Indica-type Cytoplasmic on Quality of Japanica Hybrid Rice F1 LIU Youhong, TANG Ao, ZHANG Xijuan, DONG Wenjun, LIU Kai, WANG Wenlong, XU Yingzhe, MENG Ying, LAI Yongcai 2023, 29(2): 59-64.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (568KB) ( )   In order to promote the research of quality genetics and breeding of japonica rice in Northeast China, using the molecular marker to identify the Indica or japonica type cytoplasm of japonica rice in Northeast China, constructed diallel cross population with four indica-cytoplasm super-high-yielding japonica rice and four japonica-cytoplasm japonica rice, which were planted in Shenyang and Harbin, and investigated variation characteristics of rice quality traits of hybrid F1 under indica-type cytoplasmic background. The results showed that the cytoplasm of 4 super-high-yielding japonica rice Shennong 265, Shennong 9741, Liaojing 454 and Shennong 9816 were indica type. Correlation analysis of quality traits in hybrid F1 showed that, taste value was positively correlated with amylose content and negatively correlated with protein content. The variance analysis of rice quality indicated that the indica-cytoplasm japonica-nuclear material had lower protein content, higher processing quality and higher cooking and eating quality than the japonica -cytoplasm japonica-nuclear material. In conclusion, the interaction between indica-cytoplasm gene and japonica-nuclear gene was beneficial to improve the quality and taste of japonica rice under the same nuclear genetic background.

Varieties & Technology

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Performance of Grain Yield, Quality and Growth Characteristics of Early Japonica Rice from Northeast China Planted in Zhejiang Southern Region WANG Xuhui, HE Xianbiao, OUYANG Younan, XU Qiangqiang, YU Pengcheng, QI Wen, JIANG Hailing, ZHU Defeng, QIN Yebo 2023, 29(2): 65-70.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (812KB) ( )   A field variety screening experiment was carried out in the early rice season with 9 representative early japonica rice varieties from Northeast China and local main early indica rice Zhongzao 39 (control) as materials to screen early japonica rice varieties suitable for cultivation in Southeast Zhejiang. The grain yield and rice quality of different early japonica rice varieties in Southeast Zhejiang were observed, and the perspectives of the growth period, seedlings quality, tillering characteristics, and utilization of temperature and sunshine resources were compared. The results showed that the average yield of the 9 early japonica rice varieties tested was 14.5% lower than that of the control, only Zhenbaodao 1 increased and reached a significant level compared with Zhongzao 39. The reason for the reduction was related to the significant reduction of grains per panicle. The processing quality (except head milled rice rate), appearance quality and cooking quality of early japonica rice were better than those of the control, mainly in the indexes of brown rice rate, chalky grain rate, chalkiness, transparency, gel consistency and amylose content. Compared with Zhongzao39, the growth stages of early japonica rice were advanced and the growth period was shortened, the seedling quality was improved, the tillering ability was strong, and the effective tiller percentage, the sunshine hours and the effective accumulated temperature production efficiency were slightly decreased, but the effective accumulated temperature was significantly increased. According to the results of comprehensive comparative tests, Zhenbaodao 1, Longgeng 18-2, Longgeng 1656, Kongyu 131 and Tong 35 were suitable cultivated for double-cropping early rice in Southeast of Zhejiang.

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Plant-type Characteristics in Different Yield Early Japonica Rice Varieties in Cold Region WANG Shiqiang, HE Dengmei, ZHAO Haihong, YANG Shanwei, YI Yuzhuo, FU Yongming, ZHENG Shusheng, DING Xiwu, HE Qing, ZHENG Kaiwen, DU Tingting, GU Tianyue, TANG Xinran, WANG Yang, PAN Guojun 2023, 29(2): 71-75.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (473KB) ( )   The objective of the study was to determine the plant-type characteristics of super high yielding early japonica rice. In this study, panicle traits, leaf traits, and culm traits of plant were investigated using 48 rice cultivars and advanced lines from Heilongjiang Province at grain yield levels of 700-800 kg/667 m2, 600-700 kg/667 m2, 500-600 kg/667 m2, and 400-500 kg/667 m2. The results showed that the plant-type characteristics of super high yielding early japonica rice were as follows: higher spike weight and density of panicle, wider flag leaf, second leaf from top, third leaf from top and fourth leaf from top with great basic angle and dropping angle, second leaf length from top﹥ third leaf length from top﹥fourth leaf length from top﹥flag leaf length, higher plant height in certain extent, and shorter top fourth internode. The correlation analysis results showed that yield was significantly positively correlated with spike weight, density of panicle, width of flag leaf and second leaf from top, third leaf length and width from top, and fourth leaf length and width from top, positively correlated with culm length, and plant height at heading stage and dough grain stage.

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Evaluation and Optimization of Different Combinations of Fertilizer and Transplanting Density under Wet Cultivation with Film Mulching in Northeast Japonica Rice Region ZHAO Xin, CAO Tiehua, LI Shanlong, LI Tao, GUAN Jun, FENG Jun, LIANG Xuanhe 2023, 29(2): 76-80.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (623KB) ( )   Taking Jihong 6 as the test variety, and setting two fertilization modes (cold-tolerant fertilization, high-yield fertilization) and five transplanting densities, we screened the optimal and sub-optimal fertilizer density combinations to guide the wet cultivation of rice with film mulching in the northeast japonica rice area. The results showed that under the condition of cold-tolerant fertilization, due to the fewer amount of fertilizer and higher proportion of application in early stage, the growth rate of biomass and leaf area index in the early stage was faster, and the lodging rate in the mature stage was lower, reflecting a better effect of stabilizing yield. Under the condition of high-yield fertilization, the fertilizer supply in the later period was more sufficient, and the highest yield could reach 705.8 kg/667 m2, which reflected a better high-yield effect. In conclusion, the optimal and sub-optimal combination under the condition of wet cultivation with film mulching were“high-yield fertilization + transplanting density of 30 cm×17 cm” and“cold-tolerant fertilization + transplanting density of 30 cm×13 cm”, respectively, the former suitable to the plain area where accumulated temperature is sufficient, the latter suitable to the eastern mountainous area where low cold damage occur frequently.

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Effects of Printed Seeding Straw Matrix Blocks on Population Growth of Rice Seedlings and Transplanting Quality DU Yihan, XIAO Hongjuan, SHA Chunyang, XU Fangfu, WANG Qiujun, YONG Cheng, CHEN Ling, QU Ping, HUANG Hongying, WEI Haiyan, SUN Enhui 2023, 29(2): 81-84.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (512KB) ( )   The differences of seedling quality, transplanting quality and yield between printing seeding straw matrix block seeding (T1), straw matrix blocks seeding (T2), and nutrient soil seeding (CK) were compared and analyzed with Ningliangyou 1 as the test variety. The results showed that 7 days after sowing, the emergence number of T1 treatment amount to 2.5 plants/cm2, which was 5.49% and 2.88% higher than T2 treatment and CK, respectively. The spacing of seedlings cultivated on T1 treatment had the minimal dispersion degree, and sowing uniformity was increased by 25.00% and 50.00% respectively compared with T2 treatment and CK. The width of stem base, rooting ability of rice seedlings and the twisting ability of seeding root system were significantly increased 0.07 mm, 0.28 cm, 0.12 kg and 0.33 mm, 0.35 cm, 1.89 kg to T1 treatment and CK. After transplanting, the missing transplanting rate and the floating seedling rate was not significantly different from T2 treatment, but 37.92% and 58.98% significantly lower than CK, the seed-setting rate was increased by 1.95% and 2.52%, the thousand-grain weight was increased by 1.56% and 2.38%，and the yield was increased by 6.27% and 7.18%, respectively. The results of this study could provide a theoretical support for the centralized and large-scale rice seedling raising and promote the process of mechanical transplanting.

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Study on Shallow Buried Drip Irrigation Cultivation Technique of Upland Rice in Eastern Mongolia HAI Rihan, TIAN Shuhua, ZUO Huizhong, ZHANG Zhigang, LI Zhixin, XU Xingjian 2023, 29(2): 85-87.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (421KB) ( )   The eastern part of Inner Mongolia is rich in water resources, the climatic conditions are very suitable for the growth of high-quality rice. It is the main rice producing area in Inner Mongolia. It is located in the foothills of the southern part of Daxing 'an Mountains, and the flat area suitable for rice cultivation is very limited. The cultivation technology of shallowburied drip irrigation and the mechanization of rice production in the whole process have improved the rice planting area. As the dry farming of rice eliminated the links of shed fastening, gernination, seeding raising, soaking, harrowing and transplanting, the operation costs is reduced. In addition, the water consumption for dry farming of rice is only about 300 m3/667 m2, which could save more than 60% water compared with conventional rice cultivation. Demonstration and promotion in Higgan League and Chifeng City in 2020 and 2021 gained yield of about 500 kg/667 m2. In addition, dry farming of rice has excellent rice quality and sweet rice taste, which is very popular, greatly improving the planting efficiency and farmers' income.

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Study on the Difference of Rice Growth and Yield under Two New Mechanical Transplanting Methods with Different Fertilization Rates and Transplanting Densities SHI Nan, CHEN Chongyi, WEN Shuangya, HU Haiyan, GAO Zhiqiang, SHU Chang, YAN Lingling, YAN Miaojun, WANG Xiaofeng 2023, 29(2): 88-92.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (632KB) ( )   The effects of two mechanical transplanting methods （the mechanical transplanting technology for printing sowing and the orderly mechanically throwing seedling technology） and different fertilizer and density treatments on rice growth and yield were studied with Jingliangyouhuazhan as the test material. The results showed, the number of rice stems and tillers in the orderly mechanically throwing seedling technology was more than that in the mechanical transplanting technology for printing sowing at tillering stage, however, the reducing fertilizer application and increasing planting density treatment were lower than that of the conventional fertilizer application and conventional planting density treatment （the control） in both transplanting methods. Aboveground dry matter accumulation of the orderly mechanically throwing seedling technology were more than the mechanical transplanting technology for printing sowing, of the treatment of reducing fertilizer application and increasing planting density were 12.00%-14.00% higher than those in the conventional fertilizer application and conventional density treatment. When the transplanting density was 17 cm×25 cm and the fertilizer application was reduced by 24%, the yield of the two transplanting methods were 4.54%-6.23% higher than that of the control.

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Effects of Different Planting and Breeding Models on Rice Growth, Chilo suppressalis and Weeds LUO Yucong, WANG Ren, ZHANG Yin, LIAO Xin, TANG Wei, ZHONG Kangyu, HUANG Huang, CHEN Can 2023, 29(2): 93-97.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (527KB) ( )   In order to explore the effects of different planting and breeding models on rice growth characteristics, chilo suppressalis and weeds, four treatments were set: bullfrog rearing in paddy field （DNW）, black-spotted frog in paddy field （DW）, fish rearing in paddy field（DY） and rice monoculture （CK）. The rice leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, rice yield and yield composition, chilo suppressalis population density and weed density were investigated. The results showed that the leaf area index of DW treatment increased significantly by 15.23% compared with CK at full heading stage. DW treatment had 49.60% control effect on chilo suppressalis, 73.78% control effect of weed density, and 76.44% control effect of weed dry matter in rice growth period. The weed dry matter weight of DW treatment was significantly lower than that of CK. The ear dry matter weight in mature stage of DW and DNW treatments were 3.21% and 12.10% higher than CK, but the difference was not significant. Compared with CK, the effective panicle and grain number per panicle increased by 19.45% and 18.50% in DW treatment, and the difference was significant. There was no significant difference in the rice yield among the different treatments, DW treatment was consistent with CK, and DNW treatment increased yield by 9.89% compared with CK, the rice-frog symbiosis had a good effect of stabilizing yield. To sum up, rice-black spotted frog symbiosis could improve rice photosynthesis, reduce the damage of rice borer and the occurrence of weeds in rice fields, and achieve the purpose of stabilizing rice yield and reducing the use of pesticides.

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Application of Uniform-Precision Rotatable Central Composite Design on Formulation of Helminthosporium gramineum Rabenh. f.sp. echinochloae ZHANG Jianping, DUAN Guifang, YANG Shuang, YU Liuqing, LU Yongliang, TANG Wei 2023, 29(2): 98-102.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (573KB) ( )   Helminthosporium gramineum Rabenh. f. sp. echinochloae (HGE), evaluated as a potential pathogenic fungus strain, could be applied to control barnyard grass in paddy field. For improving the weed control efficiency of HGE in paddy field, the barnyard grass was used as target weed and the adjuvants screened previously was designated as experimental factors. The uniform-precision rotatable central composite design was adopted to establish the regression equation of the lethal rate of barnyard grass in different formulations. The optimal formulation of HGE spore preparation containing 1.0 g spore powder, 0.25 mL soybean oil, 0.49 g carboxy methyl cellulose sodium (CMC), 0.10 mL SP-20 and synergists which dosage was 6.56 mg 10% Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl WP and 26 μL 2.5% Penoxsulam OD was achieved through the analysis of variance on the test results and the optimization of the mathematical model. These results provided useful formulation for next commercialized application of HGE.

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Establishment and Application Effect of Dry Direct Seeding and Drip Irrigation Cultivation System with Mulching Film for Rice in High Salinity and Low Yield Fields of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain SONG Bo, ZHANG Wensheng, QI Xiaoquan 2023, 29(2): 103-107.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (686KB) ( )   Dry direct seeding and drip irrigation cultivation system with mulching film for rice is a high-efficiency water-saving agricultural system, which realizes the integrated operation of water supply and fertilization, and has high utilization prospects in water-deficient area. 100 drought and salt-tolerant japonica rice varieties were selected and studied for the application effect of this system in high-salt and low-yield fields in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in the experiment. The results showed that, there were 15 varieties with seedling survival rate greater than 80.0%, 12 varieties with a tiller number more than 11.0, 10 varieties with a plant height taller than 80.0 cm, 3 varieties with theoretical yield more than 400.0 kg/667 m2. At the same time, it was found that this system could reduce the salinity of the soil from 0.7% to 0.2%, greatly reducing the impact of salt stress on rice growth from measurement of the soil salinity of under the film in each growth period of rice. Therefore, this system not only can applly in dry direct seeding for rice in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, but also provides a new solution for the optimizing of local high- salinity and low-yield fields.

Varieties & Technology

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Breeding and Application of a New High Yield Fragrant Rice Variety Yuexiang 430 with High Grain Quality HE Xiuying, LIU Wei, LU Zhanhua, LU Dongbai, WANG Xiaofei, WANG Shiguang, FANG Zhiqiang 2023, 29(2): 108-110.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (350KB) ( )   In order to promote the process of improving the grain quality of rice, Guangdong Province has started to set up a regional trial of fragrant rice group since 2018. Yuexiang 430 was the first batch of fragrant rice varieties tested and successfully approved by Guangdong Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee. Yuexiang 430 is a thermo-sensitive rice variety with moderate plant-type, strong lodging resistance, high yield and fine quality. The results of the regional test showed that the average yield of Yuexiang 430 reached 456.3 kg/667 m2, ranking the first in the regional trail group, which was significantly higher than that of the control variety Meixiangzhan 2. The grain quality of Yuexiang 430 reached the first grade standards of high grain quality rice issued by Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, with amylose 16.2%, length-width ratio 3.3 and aroma （2-AP content 675.0~1 030.9 μg/kg）, taste score 84.0~91.0, cooked rice is soft, smooth taste and fragrant, and has won the gold award of the First Conference of Guangdong Rice Industry Development. Yuexiang 430 exhibited strong disease resistance to rice blast in the field tests with leaf blast of grade 1.4~3.0 and neck blast of grade 3.0~3.4, and was easily planted and managed for both early and late cropping seasons in Guangdong Province. Yuexiang 430 has performed well in the trials of Yangshan, Huazhou, Xinhui, Maoming and Nanxiong, etc, in Guangdong Province, and has been used for production and processing in many “Guangdong Simiao Rice” industrial parks, and has an excellent prospect of promotion and application.

Varieties & Technology

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Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rate and Transplant Density on Yield of High Quality Indica Hybrid Rice Huazheyou 261 BAO Zuda CHEN Jun, DING Yangdong, DAI Xiaping, LIN Zi 2023, 29(2): 111-112.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (233KB) ( )   An experiment was designed to study the effects of different planting densities and different nitrogen application rates on the yield of Huazheyou 261 in late season in Jiaojiang District; The results showed that Huazheyou 261 could achieve the highest yields of 559.58 kg/667 m2 and ideal panicle grain structure when the transplanting density was 12 000/667 m2 and the pure nitrogen application rate was 14 kg/667 m2. The panicle grain structure was 190 100/667 m2 of effective panicle, 81.49% of seed setting rate, 139.05 grains per panicle, and 22.03 g of 1 000-grain weight under this treatment.

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High-yielding Characteristics and Cultivation Techniques of Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice Zheyou 21 in Northern Fujian YE Longrong 2023, 29(2): 113-115.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (422KB) ( )   After 2 years of trial planting and demonstration, the yield targets of 900-1 000 kg/667 m2 （for middle rice） and 800 kg/667 m2 （for post-tobacco rice） of Zheyou 21 were achieved in the northern Fujian rice area. This paper summarized the high-yield characteristics and key techniques of machine-transplanted cultivation of Zheyou 21 as middle rice and post-tobacco rice.

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Climate Change in Baoqing County in Recent 40 Years and the Experiment of Suitable Varieties for Rice Production ZHAO Zhendong, LIU Jinyu, CAO Zhengnan, NING Xiaohai, DONG Yunfeng, CAO Liyong 2023, 29(2): 116-119.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (408KB) ( )   Baoqing County was originally located in the third accumulated temperature zone of Heilongjiang Province, where rice varieties planted in the third accumulated temperature zone. With the climate warming, the accumulated temperature of activities in Baoqing County has increased. Adjusting the appropriate rice planting structure to make more rational use of heat resources is an important measure to ensure high and stable yield and high-quality rice production. In this paper the effective accumulated temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours in Baoqing County in recent 40 years were analyzed, and the varieties applied in the second accumulated temperature zone were tested and planted. The results showed that Baoqing County could apply 12 leaf rice varieties in the second accumulated temperature zone, which is beneficial to optimize the rice planting structure, and promote the development of high yield and quality of local rice.

Local Rice

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Development Status and Countermeasures of High Quality Japonica Rice Industry in Shanghai LI Maobai, CAO Liming, WANG Qiuying, LIU Kang, SONG Zhongming, YAO Danqing, GU Qinqin, LIU Jian, LOU Jianfeng 2023, 29(2): 120-122.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.026 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (445KB) ( )   This paper comprehensively introduced the current situation of high-quality japonica rice industry development in Shanghai in recent years (from 2013 to 2022), combined with the construction of high-quality japonica rice brands and marketing models in Shanghai, analyzed the existing industrial problems and proposed suggestions for further development.