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20 May 2023, Volume 29 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Special Thesis & Basic Research
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Special Thesis & Basic Research

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Study on the Production Pattern and Fertilization Status of Rice Dominant Production Areas in China YAN Ruyu, GAN Guoyu, ZHAO Ximei, YIN Dacong, LI Yanli, JIN Huifang, ZHU Hai, LI Jifu 2023, 29(3): 1-8.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (881KB) ( )   In order to clarify the changes in the production pattern of China's rice dominant production areas and the current status of rice fertilization research, the publication, type, project distribution, research institutions, planting area, yield changes and fertilizer dosage of rice production and fertilization research in China were integrated and analyzed using the CNKI database, the China Rural Statistical Yearbook and the 2021 National Scientific Fertilization Guidelines as information sources. The results showed that, from 2011 to 2021, the rice planting area in China was in a state of dynamic equilibrium for the rest of the years, except for the fluctuations in 2017 and 2019, and the total rice yield and yield fluctuated to varying degrees and showed a trend of steady yield increase. The middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin have the largest annual rice planting area and the highest annual yield; The rice yields were highest in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin, with an average of 8 142.9 kg/hm2. Meta-analysis showed that optimizing rice fertilization mode, weight loss and efficiency improvement and improving cultivation technology were still the focus of national, social and academic attention. From 2013 to 2021, the number of published literature on rice yield and fertilization research in China has remained at more than 700 per year, reaching 922 in 2019, and the overall number of articles showed a downward trend after a slow rise. Among them, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin has published the most relevant literature, accounting for 33.0% of the national literature; The types of published literature was mainly focus on technology application. Based on the data of rice yield and fertilization from 2011 to 2021, it is found that at the same rice yield level, there is still a certain difference between the amount of fertilizer applied in the dominant rice producing areas and the amount of fertilizer recommended by the state, among which the amount of potassium fertilizer applied in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin and the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer applied in the southeast coastal area have great potential for reduction, and the phenomenon of blind application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers by some farmers in other main rice producing areas still exists. Therefore, each region should still apply chemical fertilizers scientifically and rationally according to local conditions.

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Advances in Studies on the Roles of Plant Hormones in Grain Filling, Grain Weight and Quality of Rice LIU Yang, XIAO Wenhui, CAI Wenlu, ZHANG Weiyang, WANG Zhiqin, XU Yunji 2023, 29(3): 9-14.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (767KB) ( )   Plant hormones are important regulators for plant growth and development, and play a crucial role in regulating grain filling, grain weight and quality of rice. This paper briefly introduced the characteristics of grain filling and weight increase of rice and its relations to rice quality, and mainly reviewed the advances in changing patterns of different plant hormones in grains, and their roles and regulatory mechanisms in grain filling, grain weight and quality, and also discussed the existing problems and future research area. The aim of this study was to provide theoretical basis for genetic improvement and cultivation regulation of rice with good quality and high yield.

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Progress on Improving Rice Yield under Abiotic Stress by Genetic Engineering DUAN Junzhi, YANG Cuiping, WANG Nan, QI Xueli, FENG Lili, YAN Zhaoling, QI Hongzhi, CHEN Haiyan, ZHANG Huifang, ZHUO Wenfei, LI Ying 2023, 29(3): 15-23.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (744KB) ( )   Abiotic stresses such as drought, salt, low temperature and high temperature seriously affect the growth, development and yield of rice. Increasing rice yield under abiotic stress is of great practical significance for ensuring national food security. Using genetic engineering technology to improve rice yield under abiotic stress is an effective way superior to conventional breeding methods. At present, regulatory genes and functional genes have been confirmed to enhance rice yield under abiotic stresses. This paper systematically reviewed the research progress of these genes in improving rice yield under drought, salt, low temperature, high temperature and other single and combined stresses, and analyzed the existing problems, so as to provide reference for rice variety breeding for stress tolerance and high yield.

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Research Process on Pretreatment Technology of Rice Straw CAI Jinling, WANG Naike, WANG Juan, LI Demao 2023, 29(3): 24-27.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (449KB) ( )   Rice straw is an important renewable resource. However, the special structure of rice straw increases the difficulty of microbial degradation. Thus, pretreatment is quite important for biological treatment of rice straw. The paper reviewed different pretreatment methods, including physical treatment, chemical treatment, biological treatment, and the combination of different pretreatment methods, etc, especially introduced biological pretreatment method and its related degrading microbial flora. The main aim is providing theoretical basis and technical guidance for the comprehensive utilization of rice straw resources.

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Comparative Analysis of Paddy, Husked Rice and Rice Quality Safety Standards between China and CAC LIU Jing, AN Xiaoning, WANG Yinuo, HU Minci, LI Aijun 2023, 29(3): 28-33.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (502KB) ( )   This paper introduced the situation of paddy, husked rice and rice quality safety standards between China and Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). Through comprehensive comparative analysis on the standards for limits of pesticide residues, mycotoxins and pollutants and quality indexes of paddy, husked rice and rice between China and CAC, find out the differences between the standards, so as to provide reference for the improvement of China’s standards, and provide technical support for improving international trade of paddy, husked rice and rice.

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Research Progresses on the Mechanism of Salinity and Drought Affecting Root Morpho-physiology and Yield Formation of Rice ZHU Wang, ZHANG Xubin, GENG Xiaoyu, CHEN Yinglong, DAI Qigen, ZHOU Guisheng, WEI Huanhe, MENG Tianyao 2023, 29(3): 34-40.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (866KB) ( )   At present, China is vigorously developing and utilizing coastal beaches to promote rice production. The rice production along the coastal beach is limited by freshwater resources and water conservancy infrastructure, which resulted in salinity-drought combined stress and seriously restricts the realization of the goal of a high and stable yield of rice in coastal beaches. The root system is the primary organ for plants to perceive salinity damage and drought stress, which is also the most important and direct damaged part. A comprehensive understanding of the effects of salinity damage, drought stress, and their combined stress on rice root morphology and physiology and their internal relationship with yield formation can provide scientific support for high-yield rice cultivation in coastal beaches. This paper summarized the effects of salinity damage, drought stress, and their combined stress on the morphological structure, physiological activity, and yield formation of rice roots, expounded the mechanism of their effects on rice root growth and yield formation from the aspects of osmotic regulation, ion balance, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme system, and endogenous hormones, and discussed the regulatory measures to alleviate rice salinity damage and drought stress. Finally, some suggestions were put forward for further research on the effects of salinity-drought combined stress on rice root growth and yield formation in the future.

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Study on Heading Date Gene Combinations of Single-cropping Rice with Weak Photoperiodic Sensitivity in Southern China HUANG Derun, ZHANG Zhenhua, FAN Yeyang, WANG Shilin, ZHUANG Jieyun, ZHU Yujun 2023, 29(3): 41-45.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (508KB) ( )   Under the situation that the development trend of double-cropping rice to single-cropping rice is inevitable and the labor shortage is increasing, breeding single-cropping rice varieties with weak photoperiodic sensitivity (PS) can alleviate the labor shortage during the sowing and transplanting period of single-cropping rice, and help stabilize and increase the planting area of single-cropping rice, and thus improve the land utilization rate. In the present study, two indica restorer lines with a homogeneous genetic background of hd1Ghd7, D71 and Zhonghui161, were used to construct a recombinant inbred lines population. Multiple sowing-date experiments were conducted to screen the lines with weak PS from the genotypic compositions of DTH8 and Hd2. The results showed that dth8hd2 and dth8Hd2 had shorter heading date in the hd1Ghd7 background regardless of sowing-date. In contrast, DTH8Hd2 and DTH8hd2 exhibited weak PS. These two compositions had longer heading date when they were sown early. With delayed sowing-date, heading date of the two combinations shorten, which secured a harvest before cold weather approaches. Compared with DTH8hd2, DTH8Hd2 exhibited longer heading date when they were sown early, ensuring the full use of light and temperature resources. Our study provide a theoretical basis for breeding single-cropping rice varieties with weak PS in southern China.

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Research Progress of Rice Blast in Zhejiang Province YANG Hailong, WANG Lei, LI Bai, CAI Jinyang 2023, 29(3): 46-50.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (507KB) ( )   Zhejiang Province is a major grain production area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, where rice production has been seriously affected by rice blast for a long time. In the past ten years, Zhejiang Province has made great progress in rice blast prevention and control technology. This study reviewed the changes of the dominant populations of rice blast fungus and the update of dominant races in Zhejiang Province, summarized the changing trends of rice blast resistance of 203 rice varieties that had been bred in the past ten years, the clones of rice blast resistance genes, and the application of these disease resistance genes in rice disease resistance breeding. The management mode of water and fertilizer in the field, the breeding of multiple application of rice blast resistance gene aggregation rice varieties and avirulence genes in production of rice blast epidemic prediction is prospected in this paper.

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Screening of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria from Rice Rhizosphere Soil and Its Mechanism of Phosphorus Solubilizing PAN Lin, MI ChunXia, XU Qingshan, WEI Qianqian, KONG Yali, ZHU Lianfeng, TIAN Wenhao, JIN Qianyu, ZHANG Junhua, ZHU Chunquan 2023, 29(3): 51-55.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (625KB) ( )   Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria are important agricultural microbial resources, which can improve the absorption and utilization of phosphorus by increasing the content of available phosphorus in the plant rhizosphere. Two strains of bacteria named Bacillus megaterium WSH-0021 and Priestia aryabhattai were obtained after screening and identification. The bacteria of Bacillus megaterium WSH-0021 and Priestia aryabhattai were entered the logarithmic growth period at the 12th and 8th hours of culture, respectively, and both of them significantly reduced the pH value. The Bacillus megaterium WSH-0021 and Priestia aryabhattai were cultured in liquid medium for identification of phosphorus solubilizing capacity of inorganic and organophosphorus bacteria, and the content of available phosphorus in the medium was increased by 391.78% and 1 799.02% respectively compared with control. These two kinds of bacteria were incubated in soil sample 1 (low phosphorus soil) and soil sample 2 (normal phosphorus soil) for 30 days, the soil sample which only applied bacterial culture medium consider as control. The results showed that the bacterial abundance and microbial biomass phosphorus content of soil sample 1 and soil sample 2 were significantly increased, indicating that bacteria survived and played a role in the soil. After applied Bacillus megaterium WSH-0021, the available phosphorus content in soil sample 1 and soil sample 2 both increased by 21.15% and 11.66%, respectively. After applied Priestia aryabhattai, the available phosphorus content in soil sample 1 and soil sample 2 increased by 13.68% and 12.07%. Further research found that the pH value of the two soil samples both decreased significantly after applied the bacteria, and the activity of soil acid phosphatase increased, indicating that the two bacteria release fixed phosphorus in the soil by regulating soil pH value and acid phosphatase activity. The two bacteria screened in this experiment have a well phosphorus solubilization ability and have strong application potential and value in agricultural production.

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Physiological Characteristics of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Alleviating Saline Alkali Stress in Rice ZHANG Sihua, MI Chunxia, YU Yijun, LIU Guoqun, ZHU Chunquan, TIAN Wenhao, ZHU Lianfeng, CAO Xiaochuang, ZHANG Junhua, KONG Yali 2023, 29(3): 56-61.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (722KB) ( )   To explore the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on the growth of different rice varieties under saline alkali stress, the pot culture was conducted in greenhouse to study the root mycorrhizal infection rate, growth characteristics, antioxidant system and osmoregulation responses between saline alkali tolerant rice variety Jinyuan 85 and sensitive rice variety Liaojing 763 under saline alkali and non saline alkali conditions with or without inoculating Rhizophagus intraradices. The results showed that salt alkali stress could significantly inhibit the growth of rice, and AMF inoculation could increase the plant height and dry weight, especially in Jinyuan 85. Moreover, the content of MDA and H2O2 in rice plants increased under saline alkali stress. After inoculation with AMF, the activities of SOD, POD, CAT and APX were significantly increased, while the content of H2O2 and MDA were significantly decreased. In addition, AMF could also alleviate osmotic stress by increasing proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein content of plants under stress. It can be seen that AMF can alleviate the inhibition of physiological growth activity caused by saline alkali stress to a certain extent, and improve the adaptability of rice to saline alkali stress by regulating antioxidant enzyme system and osmoregulation substances, and the effect of AMF on different varieties is not the same.

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Effects of Different Lime Substances on Yield and Quality of Double Cropping Rice CHEN Yahui, YANG Xinglian, LIU lei, SHAO Hua, ZENG Yongjun, HUANG Shan, PAN Xiaohua 2023, 29(3): 62-66.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (622KB) ( )   Soil acidification is becoming more and more serious in the southern double cropping rice region, which has become one of the main factors restricting the increase of rice yield. A large number of studies have shown that the application of limes could significantly alleviate soil acidification and increase rice yield. However, there are few studies on the impact of lime application on rice quality, and it is not clear whether there are differences in the application effects of different lime substances. In 2021, a field experiment was conducted on a typical acidic double-cropping rice field in Jiangxi Province to clarify the effects of different lime substances (calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate) on the yield and quality of high-quality rice (Qiliangyou 2012 for early rice and Meixiangzhan 2 for late rice). The results showed that there was no significant difference in the application effects of different lime substances, and the application of limes had no significant effect on the yield, quality and nitrogen absorption uptake of early rice. However, compared with the control without lime application, the treatment with calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate significantly increased the yield of late rice by 11.3%, 17.3% and 17.6%, significantly increased the nitrogen absorption uptake by 16.6%, 17.1% and 13.5%, significantly increased the rate of milled rice and head rice by 1.3%-2.1% and 6.1%-6.3%, respectively, and significantly decreased the amylose content by 4.7%-4.8%. Compared with the control without lime application, the pH value of early rice paddy soil was significantly increased by 0.52, 0.42 and 0.50 units respectively, and 0.41, 0.57 and 0.48 units respectively in the treatment of late rice paddy soil in the treatment of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate. It can be seen that the application of lime in acid rice fields can improve the processing and eating quality of late rice while improving soil acidification

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Discrimination of Off-Types in Rice Variety Trial YAN Jianfang, WEI Xinghua 2023, 29(3): 67-68.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (225KB) ( )   Off-type is an important index in rice variety trial. Although off-type has been clearly defined in DUS testing of new varieties, purity detection of varieties, seed reproduction and regional test of varieties, there are still great ambiguities in the actual operation. In this paper, we discriminated the concept of off-types in different rice variety test, aiming to correctly judge off-types, improve the accuracy of rice variety test, and thus avoid the problems of variety authorization, seed quality and variety certification caused by the misjudgment. In addition, it is proposed to accelerate the application of DNA fingerprinting detection technology, in order to ensure the discrimination of off-types in rice more accurate.

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Preliminary Research on the Construction of the Scientific Research Demonstration Base of Smart Agriculture (Digital Rice) ——A Case Study of Hejiashan Foundation Seed Farm in Hunan Province FANG Jie, SHAO Zeyi, LI Jianbin, TAN Xusheng, JIANG Shouquan, ZENG Yuehua, GUO Wengao, LI Zhimou, GUO Jun 2023, 29(3): 69-70.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (779KB) ( )   The digital rice demonstration base is an important carrier of scientific research and an important platform for technological innovation and smart agriculture display. How to efficiently operate, maintain and manage the digital rice demonstration base has become the focus of attention in recent years. Taking the construction of the scientific research demonstration base of smart agriculture (digital rice) Hejiashan Foundation Seed Farm in Hunan Province as an example and conducting an in-depth analysis of the current status of the base construction, the paper expounded the strategic goals and key tasks of the “14th Five-Year Plan” development of the construction of the scientific research demonstration base of smart agriculture(digital Rice) in Hejiashan Foundation Seed Farm. Moreover, the countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to strengthen the scientific research and demonstration construction of smart agriculture (digital rice) from the aspects of strengthening leadership, building innovation alliances, and emphasizing standards.

Varieties & Technology

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Analysis on the Characteristics of Approved Conventional Rice Varieties in Guangdong Province in the Past 40 Years PAN Yangyang, HUANG Daoqiang, WANG Chongrong, WANG Zhidong, LI Hong, ZHOU Degui, CHEN Yibo, ZHAO Lei, GONG Rong, ZHOU Shaochuan 2023, 29(3): 74-73.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (605KB) ( )   The conventional rice breeding has a glorious history in Guangdong province. In the past 40 years (1982-2021) in Guangdong province, 359 conventional rice varieties have been approved. In this study, the 40 years were divided into 8 periods, and the characteristics of the varieties in each period were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the yield improved from 5 313.0 kg/hm2 to 6 882.2 kg/hm2. The average plant height of rice increased gradually, the average effective panicle number decreased significantly, the panicle length and the filled grains per panicle increased significantly, while the seed-setting rate and 1 000-grain weight were not markedly changed. The amylose content decreased from 26.1% to 16.5%, the overall high-quality rate of the approved varieties reached 75.2%, and the high-quality rate of the approved varieties in the past three years (2019—2021) reached 85.2%, of which the first-grade high-quality rice accounted for 39.5%. The proportion of varieties with medial and above resistant to rice blast and bacterial blight was 85.8% and 44.0%, respectively. The parentage analysis shower that the approved 359 varieties are derived from 406 parents, of which 8 parents directly derive more than 10 rice varieties, 25 and 21 varieties were generated from Huangguangyouzhan and Wushansimiao, respectively. The 8 parents are all derived from Fengbazhan, an important backbone parent in the indica rice breeding in China. There were 55 varieties with a promotion area of more than 66,700 hm2, of which 12 varieties were more than 666,700 hm2. Huanghuazhan and Shuanggui 1 had a promotion area of more than 3,333,300 hm2.

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Analysis on Characteristics of the Nationally Approved Two-line Early Hybrid Rice Combinations in the Area of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River DENG Fei, LU Aiguo, ZHOU Jianxia, WANG Kongjian 2023, 29(3): 80-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (521KB) ( )   The characteristics of the nationally approved two-line early hybrid rice combinations in the area of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 2003 to 2022 were analyzed in this paper. 46 two-line early hybrid rice combinations (26 early-medium ripening combinations and 20 late ripening combinations) had been approved by the national crop variety approval committee of China in the area. The average yields of regional test of early-medium ripening combinations and late ripening combinations were 508.91 and 515.89 kg/667 m2, respectively. The regional test yield with approved combinations in recent years was higher. The high-quality compliance rate of the combinations was only 10.87%, and the proportions of the combinations which showed moderately resistant to rice blast and bacterial blight were 15.22% and 4.35%, respectively. 29 combinations were included in the national promotion statistics of major crop varieties. Up to the end of 2019, 18 combinations were extended in more than 66 700 hm2, 4 combinations were extended in more than 333 400 hm2, and 2 combinations were extended in more than 666 700 hm2.

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Effects of Foliar Fertilizers on Rice Nutrient Adsorption, Grain Yield and Damage to Chilo suppressalis WU Qifeng, WEI Qianqian, XU Qingshan, HUANG Jing, PAN Lin, ZHU Lianfeng, KONG Yali, JIN Qianyu, ZHANG Junhua, ZHU Chunquan 2023, 29(3): 84-87.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (508KB) ( )   The application of appropriate foliar fertilizer is beneficial to the growth and yield of rice. The effects of five types of foliar fertilizers on nutrient absorption, yield of rice and damage of Chilo suppressalis were compared in the experiment. The results showed that all the five types of foliar fertilizer could increase the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Mg, Zn and Mo in rice root and shoot, and significantly increase rice yield by 3.88%-7.47%. Among them, RUIPUSHENG and FENGRUIDA had the most significant effect on yield increase, followed by BIAOBANG, XINGWANLI and TIANXU. The main reason of increasing yield by applying foliar fertilizer was the increase of grain number per panicle. The application of XINGWANLI foliar fertilizers significantly decreased the damage percentage of rice clusters and the damage percentage of rice plants, while the other foliar fertilizers had no significont effect on the damage percentage of rice clusters and the damage percentage of rice plants. The economic benefits after applying foliar fertilizers were as follows: FENGRUIDA > RUIPUSHENG > BIAOBANG > TIANXU > XINGWANLI. The foliar fertilizer varieties can be selected according to the actual needs in production.

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Effect of Soybean Cake Combined with Sepiolite on Cadmium Accumulation in Rice DING Fuge, YUAN Daying, ZHANG Hongjun, PAN Xuhua, ZHU Jing, XU Yiqun 2023, 29(3): 88-92.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (595KB) ( )   A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of sepiolite, soybean cake and their combined application on the physical and chemical properties of rice soil, the existing forms of cadmium in soil and the accumulation uptake of Cd in various parts of rice. The results showed that sepiolite, soybean cake and the combined application all increased soil pH, EC value and CEC value, the soil pH of the soybean cake treatment and its combined with sepiolite treatment was smaller than that of the sepiolite treatment. Compared with the control, the soil organic matter content of soybean cake treatment was significantly increased. Compared with the control, all treatment reduced the content of DTPA-Cd in soil, all caused soil exchangeable Cd to reducible Cd, oxidizable Cd and residual Cd conversion, and all reduced Cd content in rice roots, stems, leaves and unpolished grain.

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Effects of Broccoli Waste Compost Combined Application with Chemical Fertilizer Reduction on Yield and Soil Fertility of Double Cropping Rice CHEN Jian, QI Wen, JIANG Hailing, OUYANG Younan, HE Xianbiao, MA Yihu 2023, 29(3): 93-99.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (722KB) ( )   In order to improve the resource utilization rate of broccoli processing waste, this study applied the combined application of organic fertilizer from broccoli processing waste and chemical fertilizer to the cultivation of double cropping rice (Taizao 733 for early rice and Yongyou 1540 for late rice). Six chemical fertilizer reduction treatments, including 60% chemical fertilizer (T1), 60% chemical fertilizer + 20% compost (T2), 60% chemical fertilizer + 40% compost (T3), 60% chemical fertilizer + 60% compost (T4), 40% chemical fertilizer + 60% compost (T5), and 80% chemical fertilizer + 20% compost (T6), and no fertilizer treatment (CK1) and conventional chemical fertilizer treatment (CK2) were used to investigate the effects of different treatments on rice yield and soil fertility. The results showed that compared with CK1, the yield of each fertilization treatment increased significantly. Compared with CK2, the yield of early rice, late rice and annual rice in T3, T4 and T6 treatments had no significant difference, and the annual yield of rice in T6 treatment increased by 3.32%. The combined application of broccoli waste compost and chemical fertilizer reduced the total nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of rice, and increased the inorganic nitrogen partial productivity. Compared with CK2, the soil bulk density of the combined application treatment of broccoli waste compost and chemical fertilizer reduction decreased by 2.19% on average, and the pH value, organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 3.51%, 5.50%, 3.90% and 30.09% on average, respectively. T6 treatment realized cost saving and income increase of 81.67 yuan/667 m2. Overall, the composting of broccoli waste into organic fertilizer is an effective way to reduce agricultural waste emissions and improve resource utilization in “broccoli-rice” rotation production, which has great promotion and utilization value.

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Effects of Biological Soil Amendments on Yield, Resistance and Quality of Rice WANG Song, ZHANG Chenglong, LIU Chuang, ZHANG Xiaofan 2023, 29(3): 100-104.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (622KB) ( )   Taking Huruan 1212 as the test variety, three fertilization methods: single application of chemical fertilizer (T1), single application of biological soil amendment (T2), and combined application of biological soil amendment+chemical fertilizer (T3) were set up to explore the effects of different fertilization methods on growth and development, yield, resistance and quality of rice, to solve the problems of soil degradation and low utilization rate of fertilizer in rice production. The results showed that the T2 and T3 treatments were significantly better than the T1 treatment in terms of rice growth rate, plant traits, stress resistance and quality. Among them, the the T2 treatment rice had the fastest growth rate(125 d in the whole growth period), and the lowest protein content (6.53%) and the amylose content (7.30%). The T3 treatment had the highest plant height (108.0 cm), effective panicle number (13.0), root whisker length (22.0 cm), root whisker area (183.7 cm2) and rice yield (585.0 kg/667 m2) at the mature stage, as well as the highest content of nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron and magnesium in rice（761.0, 716.0, 39.4, 7.09 and 247.0 mg/kg, respectively）. The combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer could reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer and improve the income.

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Breeding and Application of Hybrid Rice Variety Nei 10 you 7185 with Good Quality, High Yield, Disease Resistance and Storage Tolerance XIE Hongguang, CHEN Liping, WANG Yingheng, CAI Qiuhua, WEI Linyan, WEI Yidong, LIN Qiang, ZHENG Yanmei, HE Wei, WU Fangxi, XIE Hua'an, ZHANG Jianfu 2023, 29(3): 105-108.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (587KB) ( )   Nei 10 You 7185 is a new three-line indica hybrid rice variety bred by the Rice Research Institute of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences with restorer line Fuhui 7185 and three-line sterile line Neixiang 10A. Nei 10 you 7185 showed tidy group, early ripening, high quality, high yield and good adaptability when participated in national regional test and production test in the upper reaches of Yangtze River for three consecutive years from 2017 to 2019. Nei 10 you 7185 was approved by the National Crop Varieties Certification Committee in 2020 and Hainan Crop varieties Certification Committee in 2021. The blast resistance results of field environment and indoor spray inoculation showed that Nei 10 you 7185 was resistant to seedling blast, leaf blast, spike and stem blast. In addition, the germinating experiment after artificial aging treat indicated that the germination ratio of Nei 10 you 7185 was 72.00% after 28 days of treatment at 42 ℃, indicating that Nei 10 you 7185 was strong storage resistance.

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Effects of New Fertilizations on Yield and Grain Quality of Rice Variety Fuxiangzhan XU Shuying 2023, 29(3): 109-111.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (504KB) ( )   The effects of different fertilizers and transplant density on the yield and quality of high-quality rice Fuxiangzhan were determined in this study. The results showed that compared with the treatment using Akang compound fertilizer (traditional fertilizer) in the whole process, the treatment using Yinuo compound microbial fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer increased rice yield by 13.0%, reaching 671.0 kg/667 m2. Compared with the treatments of 2 seedlings/hill and 6 seedling/hill, the treatment of 4 seedlings/hill significantly increased rice yield, reaching 673.9 kg/667 m2.

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Characteristics and Cultivation Techniques of Glutinous Rice Variety Nangengnuo 2 with Fine Quality and High Yield ZHAO Qingyong, ZHANG Yadong, ZHU Zhen, CHENG Tao, LIANG Wenhua, LI Yusheng, ZHAO Chunfang, ZHAO Ling, ZHOU Lihui, YAO Shu, WANG Cailin 2023, 29(3): 112-114.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (381KB) ( )   Nangengnuo 2 is a new late-maturing medium japonica glutinous rice variety, derived from the cross of the new rice line C08 and Zhennuo 19 with high quality and disease resistance, which was bred by Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, using the method of combination conventional breeding with marker assisted selection for blast resistance genes of Pi-ta and Pi-b. It has the characteristics of moderate plant height, lodging resistance, high and stable yield, fine grain quality, comprehensive resistance and good maturity performance. The average yield of Nangengnuo 2 in the regional test in Jiangsu Province was 672.4 kg/667 m2, and the rice quality reached the agricultural industry standard level 1. It showed moderate susceptibility to rice blast disease and stripe disease and moderate resistance to bacterial blight. It was approved by Jiangsu Provincial Variety Approval Committee in 2021 and suitable to grow in the middle area and Ningzhenyang area of Jiangsu Province.

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Characteristics and Key Cultivation Techniques of Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice Jiaheyou 5 with High Yield and Good Quality CHEN Youyuan, HOU Fan, DONG Guojun, SHANG Zishuai, ZHAN Liwei, YUAN Deming 2023, 29(3): 115-116.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (390KB) ( )   Jiaheyou 5 is a strong advantage indica-japonica hybrid rice combination bred by China National Rice Research Institute, Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Zhejiang Wuwangnong Seeds Shareholding CO., Ltd.. It has the characteristics of early maturity, middle tillering ability, light leaf color, high rice quality, coordinated panicle-grain structure and high yield potential. In the large-scale demonstration of super rice in 2021, the average yield of Jiaheyou 5 reached 831.8 kg/667 m2. The article summarized the characteristics of Jiaheyou 5 and the main points of high-yield cultivation techniques.

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Paths of Coordinating Grain Development and Security in Mountainous Areas from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization——Taking Zhejiang Mountainous Area (Lishui City) as an Example FAN Feijun, QIN Yebo, LIAN Shanli, LIU Bo 2023, 29(3): 117-121.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (711KB) ( )   Food security is not only a fundamental issue related to national economy and people’s livelihood and social stability, but also a primary issue related to national economic development and homeland security. This article starts with the study of overall grain development and security in the mountainous areas of Zhejiang, taking Lishui City as an example, under the background of rural revitalization, agricultural and rural modernization, and consolidation of the achievements of poverty alleviation, analyzes the conditions and status quo of food production in the mountainous areas of Zhejiang, and points out that the poor foundation in mountainous areas, including of poor mechanical equipment, small scale, low unit yield, high cost and low benefit. Through case analysis, we summarized the development practices and experience of the grain industry that can be demonstrated and promoted, explored the paths of agricultural modernization such as intelligence, branding, sharing, and long-term effect, put forward suggestions such as policy inclination, coordinated land use, guiding services, and optimizing industrial structure, to ensure the long-term stability of the mountain food security system in the new era and provide a reference for the path of agricultural and rural modernization.