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20 January 2022, Volume 28 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Special Thesis & Basic Research
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Special Thesis & Basic Research

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Overview of Rice Quality Standard and Innovative Detection Technology in China LU Lin, SUN Chengxiao, ZHU Zhiwei, YU Yonghong 2022, 28(1): 1-6.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (660KB) ( )   Rice quality is an important attribute that determines the market value and commodity value of rice. This paper briefly described the current situation of rice quality standards in China, discussed the evaluation of rice quality, including processing quality, appearance quality, cooking quality, eating quality and nutritional quality, introduced the innovative progress of detection technology for rice quality.

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Development and Prospects of Rice Molecular Biology in China CUI Yuanjiang, GUO Longbiao 2022, 28(1): 7-12.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (633KB) ( )   Rice（Oryza sativa L） is one of the most important staple foods, and is a model crop for cereal crop genome research. With decades of efforts, Chinese scientists have made remarkable achievements in rice genetics and functional genomics, particularly in dissecting molecular mechanism about rice ideal plant architecture, fertility, broad-spectrum disease resistance, cold and heat tolerance, salt tolerance, efficient nutrient utilization, and also the breeding theory of molecular design, initiating a new research field—Using rice as a model crop to study the gene regulation networks of complex traits. The development trend of rice molecular biology science and technology in China is put forward.

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Research Status of Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizer and Its Application in Rice WU Zhouzhou, LIU Jiaxin, CHEN Yuetong, ZHOU Chanchan, WANG Shu, JIA Baoyan, HUANG Yuancai, WANG Yan, WANG Yun 2022, 28(1): 13-17.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (715KB) ( )   Slow and controlled release fertilizer is a new type of fertilizer that can slow down or control the release of nutrients. It has the advantages of improving fertilizer utilization rate, increasing crop yields, and reducing environmental pollution. This article introduced the concept and types of slow and controlled release fertilizer, reviewed the research progress of slow and controlled release fertilizer at home and abroad, analyzed the application and existing problems of slow and controlled release fertilizer in rice, and prospected its research suggestion in future.

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Research and Application of Mechanized Seedling Raising and Transplanting Technology of Large-Bowl Blanket Seeding of Rice JIA Xuan, YANG Qingru, WEN Xixian, WANG Jicheng, CHEN Yi, WU Aiwen, SONG Jiannong 2022, 28(1): 18-23.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1039KB) ( )   In order to solve the technical problems of traditional mechanical transplanting technology, such as short seedling age adaptation period and serious seedling injury after transplanting, and to break through the bottleneck of rice development in the double-cropping rice area, the rice wheat rotation area and the northeast cold rice area, this project had developed the mechanized seedling raising and transplanting technology of large-bowl blanket seedling of rice. This technology gave full play to the agronomic technical advantages of high yield and fine quality of rice bowl seedling cultivation and the advantages of efficient and accurate mechanized operation of machine transplanting. It integrated and innovated the key techniques such as the large-bowl blanket seedling raising tray technology of rice, accurate aligned sowing technology, comprehensive management technology of seedling stage and high-speed mechanical transplanting technology. The large-bowl blanket seedling raising tray of rice highlighted the technical characteristics of rice bowl seedling and innovated the seedling raising tray structure. Under the condition of low sowing rate, the seedlings were raised with upper blanket and lower bowl and the quality of seedlings were high. It effectively prolonged the suitable machine transplanting time of seedlings, reduced the damage of root during transplanting, and there was almost no slow seedling period after transplanting. 2ZBL-400 rice seedling raising production line solved the problems of low sowing rate and accurate positioning seedling raising and sowing. Applying the comprehensive management technology of seedling stage to cultivate qualified seedlings was the key to realize machine transplanting of large-bowl blanket seedling of rice. The seedling raising mode adopted the dry seedling raising technology. When transplanting large-bowl blanket seedling of rice, the transplanter was required to take seedlings according to the bowl. The simple improvement design of the horizontal and longitudinal seedling delivery mechanism of existing transplanter could meet the technical requirements of machine transplanting of large-bowl blanket seedling of rice. The technology had been tested, demonstrated and popularized in the main rice producing areas in China. The test and demonstration results showed that the project had the advantages of alleviating the shortage of stubble, reducing risk, promoting the reduction of pesticide application, increasing yield and so on. The technology effectively solved the problem of insufficient rice growth period caused by machine transplanting in the double-cropping rice area, the rice wheat rotation area and the northeast cold rice area, and opened up a new technical mode for rice mechanized operation.

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Study on Urba Residents’ Consumption Cognition and Purchasing Behavior of Brand Rice——Based on 692 Questionnaires in 5 Cities in Southern Jiangsu Province JIAO Xiang, SHEN Guanghong, YANG Binsen, JIN Liandeng 2022, 28(1): 23-27.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (633KB) ( )   It is of great significance to study the consumption cognition and purchasing behavior of urban residents in southern Jiangsu on rice knowledge and brand rice, for reflecting the market demand of brand rice in economically developed regions, leading the rice industry to improve the quality and efficiency and improve the effective supply, and promoting the high-quality development of rice industry in China. Based on 692 survey data of 5 cities in southern Jiangsu Province, the study obtained the following 4 results: first, the sample residents have insufficient understanding and knowledge of rice; second, the sample residents have a strong demand for high-end rice consumption and a good ability to pay premium; third, the sample residents pay more attention to the safety, reliability and cost performance of brand rice, well-known producing areas, excellent producing areas, qualified inspection reports and quality certification are regarded as effective quality assurance; fourth, cost-effective “quality certification + enterprise brand” rice is the most popular, the most effective promotion channel is “mobile terminal/short video”, combined with supermarket shelf display and tasting experience can achieve better results. On this basis, this paper further put forward the countermeasures and suggestions of increasing publicity and popularizing the knowledge of rice, building brands and jointly planning development, expanding functions and continuously improving quality.

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Development Characteristics and Countermeasures of Rice-Fishing Farming Industry in Jiangxi MENG Cao, TIAN Wei, WEN Chungen, WENG Xiaolin, NI Caiying, XU Zanzhang 2022, 28(1): 28-32.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (565KB) ( )   In order to understand the development status of the rice-fishing integrated planting and breeding industry in Jiangxi Province, the basic characteristics of industrial development and production benefits were analyzed through questionnaire surveys. The results showed that rice-shrimp （70.77%）, rice-fish （15.16%）, rice-frog （6.59%） and rice-turtle （4.79%） were the main modes of rice-fishing integrated planting and breeding in Jiangxi Province. 94.26% of the rice-fishing integrated planting and breeding land scale is between 1 and 50 hm2, 81.44% of rice-fishing integrated planting and breeding are operated by farms or cooperatives. Compared with traditional rice farming, the comprehensive income of the rice-fishing integrated planting and breeding model has increased by an average of 53,000 yuan/hm2, and the fertilizer input has been reduced by an average of 50.93%. 15.27% of the rice-fishing integrated planting and breeding fields are low-yield and cold-soaked fields, which effectively improves the efficiency of rural land use and has significant social benefits. In view of the problems existing in the rice-fishing integrated planting and breeding industry, combined with the farmers' suggestions in the questionnaire survey, we put forward suggestions that should be supported in terms of policy, technology and brand promotion.

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Response of Grain Farmers to Increase of the Minimum Purchase Price of Rice and Suggestion---Based on the Survey Results of 600 Grain Farmers in Wannian County, Jiangxi Province YU Yanfeng, SU Xiaobing, PENG Liulin 2022, 28(1): 32-37.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (870KB) ( )   The reform of China’s grain price formation mechanism has entered a deepening stage since China stopped lowering the minimum purchase price of rice in 2019, and raised the minimum purchase price of rice for two consecutive years in 2020 and 2021 and implemented limited purchases. Through a questionnaire survey of 600 grain farmers in 12 villages and towns in Wannian County, Jiangxi Province, we systematically grasped the reactions of different grain entities to the increase in the minimum grain purchase price. It is believed that local governments should continue to improve the grain price formation mechanism, grain production benefit compensation mechanism, and agricultural policy insurance mechanism, strengthen the guidance and supervision of the China’s grain storage system, and improve the comprehensive grain production capacity, guide the grain operators to adapt to the market actively, improve the ability to resist the market risk.

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Effects of Humic Acid on Yield, Quality of Rice and Soil Properties ZHAO Zhendong, SUN Lianping, CAO Zhengnan, NING Xiaohai, CAO Liyong 2022, 28(1): 38-42.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (608KB) ( )   In agricultural production, humic acid has the functions of promoting growth, improving fertilizer efficiency, enhancing stress resistance, improving quality and improving soil. This article summarized the effects of humic acid on rice growth and development, yield formation, grain quality and soil properties, and put forward prospects for the future application research of humic acid, such as the appropriate proportion of fertilizer and application concentration, etc. It is expected to provide a reference basis for high-quality, high-yield, stable yield and high-efficiency cultivation of rice.

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Physiological Function of Iron and Its Effect on Rice Yield and Quality QIU Yuanyuan, LIU Kun, ZHUO Xinxin, YU Feng, LI Siyu, HUANG Jian, ZHU An, WANG Hao, LIU Lijun 2022, 28(1): 43-47.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (706KB) ( )   Iron is an essential trace element for plant growth and development, as well as one of the indispensable trace elements for human growth. Rice is the staple food of more than 50% of the world's population, and it can effectively absorb iron from the soil for human consumption, which helps to improve the status of human iron deficiency. In this paper, the physiological function of iron and the regulation mechanism of iron uptake and transport in rice were summarized. The effects of iron deficiency and iron excess on rice growth, yield and quality were emphatically elaborated. And the future research direction in this field was proposed. It was expected to provide theoretical basis for iron bio-fortification and high yield and quality cultivation of rice.

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Research Progress on the Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Rice Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Use Efficiency ZHAO Can, LIU Guangming, DAI Qigen, XU Ke, GAO Hui, HUO Zhongyang 2022, 28(1): 48-53.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (689KB) ( )   With the increase of the world population and the decrease of arable land, food security has still being a major global issue. In the past 50 years, although the use of nitrogen fertilizer has increased crop yields, it has also caused many negative effects on the environment. With the continuous improvement of living and consumption levels, people’s demand for high-quality rice is also increasing. Improving nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, optimizing the optimal amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and cultivating high-quality and high-yield rice are the main tasks facing agricultural scientists. Based on previous research foundations, this article mainly summarized the current status of nitrogen fertilizer use in China, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on rice yield, rice quality and nitrogen use efficiency, and the physiological and molecular mechanisms of nitrogen metabolism. Moreover, we put forward and discuss the problems existing in the research process, and further clarify the focus of future research.

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Effects of Vermicompost on Cadmium Accumulation in Rice under Different Water Management Conditions ZHANG Jiawei, ZHANG Xiaoxu, ZHU Jing, TAO Runping, XU Yiqun, XU Jian 2022, 28(1): 53-57.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1030KB) ( )   Through pot experiments, the effects of vermicompost application on the physical and chemical properties of soil and the accumulation of cadmium in rice under flooding irrigation and humid irrigation conditions were studied. The results indicated that the soil pH value under humid irrigation was higher than that under flooding irrigation, and vermicompost accelerated the decline of soil Eh value under flooding irrigation. The content of Fe2+ in the soil under flooding irrigation was significantly higher than that under humid irrigation, and the application of vermicompost further increased the content of Fe2+ in the soil. Compared with the control, the application of vermicompost under flooding irrigation significantly reduced the soil DTPA-Cd content, but it was still higher than the same period of humid irrigation. When the irrigation method is the same, the content of cadmium in brown rice decreases with the increase of the amount of vermicompost. Under the same amount of vermicompost, flooding irrigation is more effective than humid irrigation to reduce the accumulation of cadmium in brown rice.

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Effects of Different Acid-Regulating Agents on the Acid-Regulating Effect of Rice Seedling Substrate and Seedling Growth ZHU Chunquan, XU Qingshan, WEI Qianqian, WANG Wei, WANG Genhuo, LIN Jun, SUN Aijun, HONG Xiaozhi, CAO Xiaochuang, ZHU Lianfeng, KONG Yali, JIN Qianyu, ZHANG Junhua 2022, 28(1): 58-62.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (565KB) ( )   Suitable pH in rice seedling substrate is not only beneficial to the normal growth of rice, but also beneficial to the resistance of rice to disease. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effects of different types of acid-regulating agents on acid-regulating effect of rice seedling substrate and rice growth. The fermentation substrate made by ourselves are used in present study and applied with different concentrations of citric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, sulfur, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the pH and electrical conductivity （EC） of the substrate were detected. Samples were collected after 12 days’ growth, and the results showed that:（1） the application of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate showed a better acid-regulating effect and lower EC value than other treatments; the application of citric acid, dilute sulfuric acid and sulfur also displayed well acid-regulating effect, however, EC value of seedling substrate was increased with the increasing of acid-regulating agents concentration.（2） The plant height, root length, aboveground dry weight of 100 plants, aboveground total N and total P contents of the rice seedlings in the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate treated seedling substrate were significantly higher than other treatments. The growth index of rice seedlings which treated with dilute sulfuric acid and sulfur were inferior to the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate treatment, and the rice growth was inhibited under high acid-regulating agents’ concentration conditions. However, the leaves of the rice seedlings in the dilute sulfuric acid treatment contained higher chlorophyll content. The root growth of rice seedlings was significantly inhibited by citric acid. In conclusion, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate can be used as an acid-regulating agent for fermentation substrate in this experiment, followed by sulfuric acid and sulfur, while citric acid is not suitable as an acid-regulating agent for fermentation substrate.

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Effects of Microbial Fertilizers and Silicon Fertilizer on Rice and Soil Environment in Saline-alkali Land DING Junjie, LIU Kai, YAO Liangliang, GAO Xuedong, ZHANG Maoming, LIU Wei, GU Xin, YANG Xiaohe, QIU Lei, LAI Yongcai 2022, 28(1): 63-66.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (556KB) ( )   Aims at the problems of less effective tillers, less effective ears, low yield and secondary pollution of the soil by chemical fertilizers during rice planting in saline-alkali land in the western Heilongjiang, a comparative experiment were conducted on the effects of adding microbial fertilizers, silicon fertilizer and traditional chemical fertilization on rice in saline-alkali land in Tailai County, Heilongjiang Province in 2019. By investigating yield traits of rice, soil physical and chemical properties and microbial content, clarify its yield-increasing effect and soil improvement effect. The results showed that the number of tillers, chlorophyll value, leaf area, root length, thousand-grain weight, effective panicle number, panicle number and yield of saline-alkali rice were significantly improved after adding microbial fertilizers and Silicon fertilizers. At the same time, the microorganism biomass, physical and chemical properties of soil were improved. The results of the experiment provide a new idea for the application of fertilizer, and lay a certain research foundation for high yield of rice in saline-alkali soil.

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Estimating Yield of Rice Based on Remote Sensing by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle TIAN Ting, ZHANG Qing, ZHANG Haidong, HE Qiquan, JI Fangfang, ZHU Lin 2022, 28(1): 67-72.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (580KB) ( )   Accurate estimation of rice yield is of great significance in agricultural production. In our study, using canopy spectral image data collected by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle（UAV） during the main growth period of rice, eight different vegetation indices were extracted to construct a fitting relationship with rice yield. The object of this study was to explore the optimal vegetation index and operation time to enhance the accuracy and quickness of yield prediction by UAV during rice growing season. The results showed that, the early stage of rice growth was not suitable for yield estimation, and the effect of yield estimation from heading stage to mature stage was better. The best growth stage of rice yield estimation was heading stage The multivariate linear model based on NDVI, RVI, DVI, GNDVI and MSAVI2 in this period had a good estimation effect, and the accuracy of verification was the best. It is feasible to estimate rice yield by multispectral data.

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Development Status, Existing Problems and Countermeasures of Early Rice Concentrated Seedling Cultivation in Hunan Province LIANG Yugang, ZHOU Zheng, ZHANG Lifeng, TAO Shuhua, RONG Xingzhi, LIU Ye, CHEN Wei, WANG Daming, ZHAO Zhenghong, XU Jingbo 2022, 28(1): 72-77.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (951KB) ( )   Centralized seedling cultivation has the advantages of unified rice varieties, synchronization of soaking and sowing, concentrated labor in seedling fields, and convenient management of seedling fields, which is conducive to the implementation of specialized unified prevention and control of rice and mechanization production, and is conducive to improving the index of multiple cropping of rice fields and grain yield. This article discussed the development status, main forms, advantages, existing problems, development focus and countermeasures of early rice centralized seedling cultivation in Hunan Province, in order to provide reference and guidance for the comprehensive technical demonstration and popularization of early rice concentrated seedling cultivation.

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Reinnovation and Extension of Rice “Three Controls” Integrated Technology within Cost-saving and Benefit-increasing in Jiangxi Province WEN Xixian, LE Lihong, LIU Kaili, CHEN Zhongping, ZHONG Xuhua, HUANG Nongrong, DENG Dasun, LIN Yizeng 2022, 28(1): 78-81.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (488KB) ( )   The rice “three controls” fertilization technology is a new type of fertilization technology with the main content of fertilizer control, seedling control, and disease control （referred to as “three controls”）. After the technology was introduced in Jiangxi, the application period of tillering fertilizer and ear-grain fertilizer was often inconsistent with the local traditional fertilization habits during the trial and demonstration process, resulting in poor weeding effect, increased production costs, and difficulty in controlling rice quality. In response to this situation, we have carried out research on key techniques and reinnovated the rice “three controls” cost-saving and efficiency-increasing technologies suitable for application in Jiangxi. Compared with traditional fertilization habits, this technology could increase rice yield by 408.0 kg/hm 2, save costs by 258.0 yuan/hm2, and ultimately save costs and increase efficiency by 1 287.0 yuan/hm2.

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Study on the Development of Integrated of Rice Production and Marketing in Zhejiang Province QIN Yebo, HUANG Yutao, XU Chunchun, JI Guocheng, XU Jianfeng, LI Qin, CAO Dongdong 2022, 28(1): 82-86.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (672KB) ( )   Rice is the main crop consumed by urban and rural residents in Zhejiang Province, which is of great significance for ensuring the absolute safety of grain rations. However, in recent years, the income of planting rice has continued to decline, which has severely restricted the development of rice industry. Developing an integrated industry of rice production and marketing is of great significance to promote agricultural production in Zhejiang Province. Through literature review, all-round investigations and typical investigations, this study sorted out the current development status, existing problems and actual needs of the integrated operation of rice production and marketing, clarified the key factors and driving mechanism restricting the integrated operation of rice production and marketing. This study also proposed the policy framework and implementation path for the integrated development of rice production and marketing in Zhejiang Province.

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Analysis on Trend of Regional Trials and Production of Early-Season Rice in Zhejiang Province LIU Xin, SHI Junsheng, MIU Tianhui, YU Qiying, WANG Renbei, JI Zhijuan 2022, 28(1): 87-90.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (576KB) ( )   Because of its characters of long-term storage and high commodity rates, early-season rice is an important support for food security in China, as well as in Zhejiang Province. Therefore, characteristics and trends of whole growth duration, yield and disease resistance were analyzed for the lines participating in the regional trials of early-season rice in Zhejiang Province in the past 18 years（2003—2020）. The changes of planting area, yield per mu, total yield of the early-season rice and application of representative varieties were further dissected in Zhejiang Province. The trend of early-season rice production in Zhejiang Province was discussed and concluded, to further provide reference for breeding elite rice varieties and dvevloping early-season rice production.

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Research on the Creation of Regional Public Brands of Agricultural Products Led by Industry Associations—— A case Study of Sheyang Rice DING Guoming, LU Jianfei 2022, 28(1): 91-95.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (598KB) ( )   Based on the successful case of ‘Sheyang Rice’ Brand created by Sheyang County Rice Association, ‘Sheyang Rice’ Brand creation process was divided into three stages, such as initial, growth and maturity period, and behavior of Sheyang County Rice Association at each stage of brand establishment was investigated, the reasons for the successful establishment of ‘Sheyang Rice’ were analyzed. The results showed that with the support of government, industry associations can continuously solve bottlenecks in regional public brand creation process through their own construction and scientific operations, and also promote brand enhancement in terms of brand planning, quality improvement, standardized management, marketing and counterfeit protection. This kind of “government empowered, industry association-led” regional public brand creation model for agricultural products is valuable to other places.

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R Language and Its Basic Application in Agricultural Experimental Data Analysis-2 WANG Lei, MIN Jiaxin, SHEN Hongfang, E Zhiguo 2022, 28(1): 95-102.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (741KB) ( )   This paper is the second article of introducing R language and its basic application in agricultural experiment data analysis. We introduce some of the most basic and common applications of R language in agricultural data analysis, such as t-test, analysis of variance and means multiple comparisons, Chi-squared test. We hope scientists working in agricultural researches will be interested in R language and starting using this powerful statistical programing language.

Varieties & Technology

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Study on the Dosage of Two Kinds of Controlled- Release Fertilizers for Rice in Northern Hubei Province HE Shuai, WANG Benfu, CHEN Bin, CHEN Chao, ZHAO Yongping, LI Xiaokun 2022, 28(1): 103-108.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (667KB) ( )   Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of the two types of controlled-release fertilizers with different dosages on rice yield, yield components, nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization in northern Hubei, aiming to provide scientific basis and guidance for the reasonable application of controlled-release fertilizers. The results showed that application of controlled-release fertilizer could significantly increase rice yield. Compared with the treatment without fertilization, application of the mixed coated slow-release fertilizer （MCSF） and humic acid slow-release fertilizer （HASF） increased rice yield by 6.6%~17.3% and 0.7%~11.9%, respectively. Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the yield of the MCSF and the HASF treatment increased by 8.4% and 2.5%, respectively. The increase of rice yield in fertilization treatments was mainly due to the increase of effective panicle number. In addition, the MCSF achieved higher yield increase rate than the HASF. The relationship between rice yield and the two kind of controlled-release fertilizer rate was linear-platform. Under the same fertilizer rate, the N, P2O5 and K2O uptake in above ground of the MCSF was significantly higher than that of the HASF. With the increase of fertilizer amount, the apparent recovery efficiency, physiological efficiency, agronomic efficiency and fertilizer contribution rate of the two controlled-release fertilizers increased at first and then decreased, the partial factor productivity of fertilizer decreased gradually. Considering the yield and fertilizer use efficiency, we recommend that the mixed coated slow-release fertilizer should be preferred in the rice production in northern Hubei. The appropriate application amount was 450 kg/hm2, and the rice yield reached 11 420 kg/hm2.

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Transplant Spray Synchronous Technology （TSST） and Comparison of Weed Control Effects with Supporting Herbicides in Machine Transplanted Paddy Fields YANG Yongjie, TANG Wei, ZHU Xiaoqun, JIN Wenyong, YU Xiaoyue, ZHANG Jianping, LU Yongliang 2022, 28(1): 109-113.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (718KB) ( )   A field trial was carried out in 2019, the transplant spray synchronous technology （TSST） and four herbicides （33% metazosulfuron, 19% triafamone, 25% benzobicylon, 300 g/L pretilachlor+10% bensulfuron-methyl） were applied for weed control, the safety of each herbicide treatment on rice and the control effects of weeds in paddy fields were compared. The results showed that, there was no visible phytotoxicity occurred in the rice after spraying herbicide, and the tested herbicides are safe for rice. 35 days after the application of the herbicide, the control effects of the tested herbicide on the total weeds in the test field reached more than 95.0%. Compared with the herbicide treatment, the rice yield loss of the untreated control was severe, with a decrease of 12.5%~42.7%. It can be seen that the TSST is an economical and efficient weeding technology. The four herbicides tested can effectively control weeds, reduce the cost of weeding, and improve the economic efficiency in rice planting.

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Agronomic Characteristics and Standardized Cultivation Techniques of High Quality Rice Variety Exiang 2 WANG Xueyan, FENG Junze, HAO Rongrong, ZHOU Meng, DANG Chengcheng, ZHU Caizhang, Tian Xiaohai 2022, 28(1): 114-116.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (282KB) ( )   On the basis of summarizing the results of the preliminary experiment and production practice, starting from the two main cultivation methods of direct seeding and mechanical transplanting, we discussed the high-yield and high-quality standardized cultivation technical regulations of Exiang 2, including target yield, reasonable transplanting period and transplanting density, fertilization, weeding and pest control technology, as well as harvesting and storage technology, etc.

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Breeding and Application of Indica TGMS Line Zhi 5038S in Rice CHEN Junyu, ZHANG Huali, WANG Yinquan, LI Ximing, MA Liangyong 2022, 28(1): 116-118.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (417KB) ( )   Zhi 5038S is an indica thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line, developed from the cross between Guangzhan 63S and Ai 3S. It shows the characteristics of stable sterility, good flowering behavior, high combining ability and outcrossing rate. It was approved by Zhejiang Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2020. The breeding process, characteristics and propagation technique were introduced in this article.