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20 March 2022, Volume 28 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Special Thesis & Basic R esearch
Special Thesis & Basic R esearch
Special Thesis & Basic R esearch
Varieties & Technology
Local Rice
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Special Thesis & Basic R esearch

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Key Genes in Century Rice Breeding in China LIU Dingfu, YIN Hexing, YING Jifeng 2022, 28(2): 1-11.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn. 1006- -8082.2022.02.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1291KB) ( )   The goal of rice breeding is to develop a new variety or to improve desired traits. The nature of the rice breeding is to integrate all the superior genes or genotypes and to develop a new variety/genotype. China’s modern rice breeding program was originated in the 1920’s and has gone through one-hundred-year history. Breaking-through of rice yield in each decade mostly are attributed to some well known key genes. Semidwarf gene sd1 played an important roles in developing high yield rice variety（eg IR8） and promoting the “green revolution” in south and south-east Asian. Wild abortion cytoplasmic male sterility gene WA352 and restoring gene Rf3/Rf4 played critical roles in three-line hybrid rice breeding technology, which resulted in the successful commercialization of the hybrid rice in China. The discovery, development, application of photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile gene pms3 and/or thermo-sensitive genic male sterile gene tms5 resulted in successful production of two-line hybrid rice breeding technology. The currently discovering and studying of Pi-n, Wx, ALK, Chalk5, fgr, S5-n in developing disease-resistent, better grain quality and intersubspecfic heterosis between Indica and Japonica hybrid breeding technology shows promising results in commercial rice production stage. We speculate that herbicide-resistant, insect-resistant, heat- or cold-tolerant, lodge-resistant, and saline-alkali-tolerant genes will play an important role in breeding next-generation rice variety.

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Current Situation and Suggestions on the Development of High-quality Rice Branding in China LIU Xin, LIU Chunqing, WANG Yuxi, NING Mingyu, JING Qi, ZHANG Chengyao 2022, 28(2): 12-15.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.02.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (533KB) ( )   The development trend of rice industry at home and abroad showed that, the implementation of quality and branding is an effective way to achieve sustainable and high-quality development of China rice industry. This paper summarized the current situation of high-quality rice industry development in China from three aspects: breeding, planting and consumption of high-quality rice. At the same time, this paper focused on the analysis and research on the development status, industrial model and challenges of high-quality rice branding in China, and put forward the relevant suggestions for the development of high-quality rice branding.

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Analysis of China’s Rice Industry in 2021 and the Outlook for 2022 XU Chunchun, JI Long, CHEN Zhongdu, FANG Fuping 2022, 28(2): 16-19.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.02.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (538KB) ( )   In 2021, the total production of rice in China has been kept at over 200 million tons for eleven consecutive years with the area decreased slightly, and the yield reached a new record high. The domestic market was weak and was a litter worse than that of 2020, and there were an obvious difference in prices between high quality rice and common rice. There were a new high record in imports and a slight increase in exports. The seed industry developed steadily with an improving structure. The business scale was steady expansioned, the green and smart technology in rice production revealed a momentum for rapid growth. It is projected that there is going to be a growth slightly in rice area and the yield will hold steady in 2022, the rice market will continue to run smoothly, and the high-quality and characteristic rice will keep a rapid development, as well as a faster development of the green technology, low-carbon technology and smart technology in rice production.

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Status and Prospect of Returning Rice Straw to Field in Heilongjiang Province CAO Zhengnan, ZHAO Zhendong, ZHANG Hailong, NING Xiaohai, OUYANG Younan, CAO Liyong 2022, 28(2): 20-23.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.02.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (554KB) ( )   Heilongjiang is a major agricultural and also a major straw production province. At present, returning straw to field is the principle of comprehensive utilization of straw in Heilongjiang Province, supplemented by fueled and feed oriented, which is in line with the law of sustainable agricultural development. However, due to low average temperature, rough returning technology and other factors, straw treatment is difficult and utilization rate is not high. Several ways of straw resource utilization were summarized in this paper, and the effects of different straw returning methods on rice yield and soil nutrients were reviewed, and the future development direction of rice straw returning in Heilongjiang Province was prospected.

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Research Progress on the Effects of Mineral Elements on Quality of Rice LI Yahui, GAO Qingchao, PAN Chao, SUN Chenchen, ZHANG Zhiyong, LIANG Ying 2022, 28(2): 24-31.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.02.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (895KB) ( )   Rice is an important food crop in the world. Grain quality is the result of interaction between rice genetic characteristics and growing environment,cultivation techniques. Mineral elements play an important role in the formation of grain quality. The effects of different mineral elements on grain quality were reviewed in this paper, the effects of main elements, medium elements and trace elements on grain quality were summarized respectively. Affected by many factors, the effects of the same mineral element on grain quality were different. The effects of mineral elements on grain quality were different among cultivars and qualities. Moreover, during the formation of grain quality, different mineral elements played different roles and the degree of action was also different. The effects of mineral elements on grain quality was multidimensional and there was an interaction relationship between different mineral elements. Thus, it is difficult to take into account every quality index of grain. So, fertilization should be made reasonably, according to the actual situations, to improve the grain quality during production.

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Technology of Cultivating Strong Seedlings with Longer Leaf Age for Carpet Seedlings Mechanical Transplanted Rice XUE Jiantao, LI Luan, CONG Shumin, YU Enwei, HU Yajie, CHANG Yong, ZHOU Mingming 2022, 28(2): 32-37.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn. 1006-8082.2022.02.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (764KB) ( )   In order to explore the key techniques of cultivating strong seedlings with longer leaf age for carpet seedlings mechanical transplanted rice, an experiment was conducted to study the effects of sparse sowing and seed-dressing agent on seedling quality of machine-transplanted rice with carpet seedlings, using Nangeng 9108 as material, two low seeding rates （90 g/tray and 110 g/tray） and three seed-dressing agent （hanyubaomu, mixian·jiashuangling and miaozhuangfeng） treatments were set. The results showed that the quality of rice seedlings transplanted with blanket seedling machine for 25 days of age was the best under the treatment of sparse sowing and seed-dressing agent. The seedling quality of the treatment with sowing amount of 90 g/tray treatment was better than that of 110 g/tray treatment. The three kinds of seed dressing agents had different degrees of optimization and regulation adjustment effects on the quality of seedlings. Among them, the quality of the seedlings treated with Hanyubaomu was the best in terms of seedling height, leaf age, white root number, root length, basal diameter, rooting power.

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Effects of Extruded Straws Returned Field on Rice Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Utilization in Cold Region BAI Chongyang, QIN Meng, CHUI Shize, ZHAO Shuang, YANG Lishuang, HAN Wenbo, ZHENG Guiping, LIU Lihua 2022, 28(2): 38-40.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.02.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (384KB) ( )   A pot experiment was used to study the effects of different amounts of extruded straw returning to the field on the yield, quality and nitrogen utilization of rice Kengeng 8 in cold regions. The results showed that the treatment with the extruded straw returning to the field with 360 g/pot had the best effect on yield and nitrogen utilization. Compared with the treatment without straw returning, the grain yield was increased by 1.68%, and the nitrogen fertilizer agronomic utilization rate was increased by 6.61%. The treatment with the extruded straw returning to the field with 180 g/pot performed best in terms of processing quality, nutritional quality and taste value. The results can provide technical support and theoretical basis for the efficient use of rice straw in cold regions.

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Effects of Vermicompost Application on Rice Growth and Yield under Reduced Nitrogen Conditions ZHOU Xing, XU Nianlong, ZHOU Nana, XU Mengbin, WANG Sheng 2022, 28(2): 41-44.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.02.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (456KB) ( )   The effects of applicating vermicompost on the growth and yield of rice under different nitrogen reduction conditions were studied with experimental variety Nangeng 9108. The results showed that compared with the control （conventional fertilization）, the yield of rice was the highest in the treatment with 10% nitrogen reduction and 400 kg/667 m2 vermicompost. Under the condition of reducing nitrogen by 10%, the application of 400 kg/667 m2 vermicompost promoted the growth of rice above ground, enhanced the photosynthesis of the leaves and increased the filling rate, thereby increased the number of kenel and the thousand-grain weight, and ultimately achieve the goal of reducing fertilizer application and increasing rice yield.

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Analysis of Rice Blast Resistance and Resistance Genes in Japonica Rice Germplasm Resources ZOU Tuo, GENG Leiyue, ZHANG Wei, DU Qi, MENG Lingqi, ZHANG Qixing 2022, 28(2): 45-50.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.02.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (542KB) ( )   In order to improve the breeding level of rice blast resistance in eastern Hebei Province, 157 japonica rice resources were identified by field-induced susceptibility for rice blast resistance, and 12 disease resistance gene markers were used for genotype identification. The results showed that among the 157 japonica rice resources, there were 2, 70, 64, 9 and 12 materials showing resistance, medium resistance, medium susceptibility, susceptibility, and high susceptibility, respectively. Among them, materials ZY1 and ZY2 showed disease resistance. The resistance genes Piz and Pid3 had the highest frequency, while Pigm, Pia, Pita, Pik and Pi5 played the main role in the resistance of rice blast in eastern Hebei Province, and the more genes aggregated, the higher the resistance. Combining the agronomic traits and yield traits of germplasm resources, it is found that ZY2, ZY13, ZY15 and ZY21 are suitable as parents for rice blast resistance breeding.

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Effects of Different Nitrogen Amounts on Rice Yield and Field Water Quality in Rice-crayfish Co-culture System HUANG Fei, NIE Xibin, YANG Shuo, DING Zijuan, LI Jintao, GAO Hongjian, YE Xinxin, GE Yonghu, MEI Jun, CAO Yuxian, HOU Jun 2022, 28(2): 51-55.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.02.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (617KB) ( )   To provide a theoretical basis to use appropriate nitrogen （N） amount for accurate fertilization in the rice-crayfish co-culture system, the effects of different nitrogen amounts on rice yield and surface water quality were studied. Five N application rates were set at N 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg/hm2 based the same ratio of basal fertilizer to tillering fertilizer （7∶3）, which was represented by CK, N60, N120, N180 and N240, respectively. The results showed that fertilization could maintain a higher inorganic N content in the soil and promote dry matter accumulation in rice. The fertilization treatments increased rice yield by 8%~42%, of which N120 obtained the highest yields, which is 42% higher than CK. After nitrogen application, the ammonia N content in the surface water increased rapidly at the first 3 days and then decreased. After 14 days, it dropped to the lowest and became stable. Among them, the ammonia N concentration of different treatments within 5 days after nitrogen application was significantly different, and the value increased as the nitrogen fertilizer amount increased. The nitrite N concentration in surface water increased at first 6 days, then decreased and then increased. The difference between the fertilization treatments on the 3rd day was significant, and the difference between the treatments after the 7th day was not significant. Different nitrogen application amounts affected the pH of the surface water. The pH fluctuation of each treatment within 14 days after fertilization was between 6.57 and 8.22, but the difference between the treatments was not significant after 14 days. The appropriate amount of nitrogen application promotes the increase of rice yield, but also reduces the content of ammonia N and nitrite N in the field surface water, maintaining a good living environment for crayfish, and 120~130 kg/hm2 can be used as the recommended nitrogen application rate for rice-shrimp co-cropping system.

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Effects of Different Cadmium Reducing Measures on Decreasing Cadmium Content in Brown Rice NI Zhongying, XIE Wei, ZHANG Mingkui 2022, 28(2): 56-59.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.02.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (400KB) ( )   In order to understand the effects of different Cd reducing measures on Cd content in brown rice and improving efects on slightly polluted farmland soil by Cd, and provide technical support for safe utilization of the polluted farmlands, selected farmlands with slight Cd pollution in Jiangnan town and Yaolin town of Tonglu county, Zhejiang province, and carried out five comparative experiments in 2020. The experiments included the different lime amounts for reducing Cd in brown rice, the effects of humus soil conditioner + calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on Cd in brown rice, different soil amendments on Cd in brown rice, the combination of lime and foliar fertilizer on Cd in brown rice, and the combination of different soil amendments + foliar fertilizer on Cd in brown rice. The results showed that the content of Cd in brown rice decreased with the increase of lime dosage, and the appropriate lime amount was 300 kg/667 m2. The effect of applying calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on reduction of Cd in brown rice was better than that of humus soil conditioner. Both acid-reducing humus soil conditioner and acid-reducing clay mineral soil conditioner had obvious effect on reducing Cd content in brown rice, but the effect was slightly lower than that of lime or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. Spraying foliar fertilizer could reduce the content of Cd in brown rice, but Cd content in brown rice still exceeded the food hygiene standard. Combined application of foliar fertilizer with humus soil conditioner, clay soil conditioner, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or lime could effectively reduce the Cd content of brown rice and achieve the purpose of food safe production.

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Variation Characteristics of Yield and Quality of High Quality Late Indica Rice in Different Ecological Regions of Jiangxi Province LIU Mengjie, YANG Yixin, CHEN Le, WU Yuan, XIE Jiaxin, ZENG Yongjun, SHI Qinghua, PAN Xiaohua 2022, 28(2): 60-65.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.02.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (620KB) ( )   The yield and quality change of six high quality late indica rice varieties planted at three different ecological regions of Shanggao, Jian and Ganzhou were studied, to clarify the ecological adaptability and stable yield of high quality late indica rice, and the relationship between temperature during filling stage and yield and quality of rice. The results showed that with the decrease of latitude, the yield of each variety decreased gradually, the appearance quality and nutritional quality were improved; the amylose content decreased, the peak viscosity, breakdown and pasting temperature were all showed an increasing trend. The yield of high quality late indica rice was mainly affected by the maximum daily temperature at the full heading to maturity stage, the appearance quality of rice was mainly affected by the minimum daily temperature at the full heading to maturity stage, and the amylose content was mainly affected by the minimum daily temperature at full heading to 20 days after the full heading stage. High quality late indica rice planted in the north of Jiangxi Province performed yield advantage, while planted in the south of Jiangxi Province performed quality advantage.

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Study on the Effect of Plant Immunity Inducer ZNC on Rice Growth and Yield FENG Wenjie, WANG Qiuyun, GAO Farui, DING Xinhua, LIU Shuzhen, ZHANG Qiaoling, HUANG Xincheng 2022, 28(2): 66-68.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.02.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (395KB) ( )   Immune inducer ZNC is an ethanolic extract of Paecilomyces variotii, which has the ability to promote plant growth and increase plant yield and stress resistance. Different doses of ZNC were applied at the seedling and booting stages of rice, their effects on rice yield and stress resistance were studied. The results showed that spraying ZNC could promote the growth of rice. Among them, the treatment with a concentration of 10 ng/mL had the most significant effect to the shoot length and root length by 17.2% and 33.7% increasement, respectively, compared with the control （without ZNC）. At the concentration of 200 ng/mL, the dry matter accumulation of rice roots was the highest at 3.14 g, which was an increase of 46.7% compared with the control. The treatment with a concentration of 200 ng/mL had the best yield increase effect, the actual yield reached 658.74 kg/667 m2, which was an increase of 8.45% compared to the control. In the concentration range of 10~200 ng/mL, spraying ZNC could improve the resistance of rice to rice sheath blight, and the treatment with a concentration of 200 ng/mL performed best.

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Weed Community Structure and Its Prevention and Control Technology in the “Rice-Crayfish” Integrated Farming Fields in Jiangsu: A Case Study with 12 Planting Bases CHEN Guoqi, DOU Zhi, XING Zhipeng, GUO Baowei 2022, 28(2): 69-72.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.02.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (506KB) ( )   In order to reveal the structure of weed community in the “rice-crayfish” integrated farming fields and the current status of farmers’ weed control measures in Jiangsu, we conducted field surveys and interviews with farmers in 12 integrated rice-shrimp farming bases in 7 places, including Guannan, Yandu, Xuyi, Gaoyou, Guangling, Liyang, and Changshu. The results showed that total 25 weed species were found in 120 rice-shrimp farming fields, and the dominance of gramineous weeds and Leptochloa chinensis in rice-shrimp rotation fields was significantly higher than that of rice-shrimp symbiosis fields. Principal weed species in surveyed rice-shrimp rotation fields included Echinochloa spp., weedy rice, Leptochloa chinensis, Leersia hexandra, Cyperus difformis, Ammannia spp. and Monochoria vaginalis; principal weed species in surveyed rice-shrimp symbiosis fields included Echinochloa spp., weedy rice, Leptochloa chinensis and Cyperus difformis. Except of organic cultivation mode, the weed management strategies in rice-shrimp rotation fields were “pre-emergence chemical control + post-emergence chemical control + manual removal” with a total cost of 1 863.75 Yuan/hm2 on average. The weed management strategies in rice-shrimp symbiosis fields were “water control + shrimp control + manual removal” with a total cost of 907.50 Yuan/hm2 on average, a part of farmers applied pre-emergence herbicides such as bensulfuron-methyl and pretilachlor.

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Decreasing Effects of Different Sources of Organic material on Cadmium Accumulation in Rice ZHU Jing, SUN Xingxing, ZHANG Xiaoxu, TAO Runping, ZHANG Jiawei, XU Yiqun 2022, 28(2): 73-76.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.02.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (534KB) ( )   A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of adding alfalfa and vermicompost on the physical and chemical properties of soil and the accumulation of cadmium in rice during the growth of rice. The results showed that, the soil Eh value decreased significantly with the addition of organic matter, with the more by alfalfa than by vermicompost under the same organic matter addition level. The soil pH of the alfalfa treatment group was lower than that of the vermicompost treatment group in the early stage of rice growth, and there was no significant difference between the two treatment after the heading stage. The addition of external organic materials could transform the highly active cadmium to the low active cadmium in the soil. Compared with the control without adding exogenous organic materials, the cadmium content in each part of the rice treated with exogenous organic materials was significantly reduced. Moreover, the cadmium content in each part of the rice plant in the alfalfa treatment group was significantly lower than that in the vermicompost treatment group under the same organic matter addition level.

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Visual Modeling of Rice Leaf Based on B-Spline Curve TANG Zizong, WU Panpan, YANG Le, WANG Yinglong, ZHANG Huanhuan, SHI Junlin 2022, 28(2): 77-81.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.02.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (510KB) ( )   Visual modeling is the theory, method and technology of using computer graphics and image processing technology to convert data into graphics or images, display them on the screen, and process them interactively. The growth and development of rice is a very complex systematic process. Rice leaves are the main organs for photosynthesis, nutrient production and transportation. With the help of computer technology, a visual model of rice leaves is established, which can provide auxiliary decision-making for scientific cultivation and yield improvement of rice. Based on VC++ and OpenGL, according to the three-dimensional morphological characteristics of real rice leaves, the mathematical model of rice leaves was established by using mathematical knowledge. B-spline curve is selected to simulate this, and the recursive definition and formula of B-spline curve are used to realize the modeling of rice leaf edge curve and main vein curve, so as to further realize the triangular mesh model of rice leaf in two-dimensional plane. Based on the mathematical method of main vein integral, the different bending effects of main vein vertex in different positions are realized. Finally, the uniform B-spline curve was used to establish the rice bending model and triangulate it. the method of using B-spline curve to describe the information of edge vein and main vein of rice leaves can better reflect the characteristics of leaves, so that the three-dimensional visual modeling of rice leaves is only related to the edge curve of vein, main vein, maximum leaf width, maximum leaf length and other information.

Varieties & Technology

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Study of Pattern on Synchronous Side Deep Fertilization of Mechanical Transplanting in Early Indica Rice LU Heping, WU Chenyang, PAN Zhijun, ZHOU Bing, WU Xiaowen, ZHANG Xiaohong, YU Xulai, XU Youzun, WU Wenge 2022, 28(2): 82-87.  DOI: 10.3969/j.ssn.1006-8082.2022.02.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (646KB) ( )   In order to screen and optimize the high-yield and high-efficiency fertilization model of synchronous side-deep fertilization for mechanical transplanting of early indica rice, taking conventional early indica rice variety Zhefu 203 as test material, the effects of different fertilization patterns and fertilization rates on the yield and yield components, the dynamics of stem and tiller development, fertilizer efficiency and production cost of early indica rice were studied. The results showed that model of synchronous side-deep fertilization with conventional fertilizers （A1） was superior to the model of synchronous side deep fertilization with special controlled-release fertilizers （A2） in terms of yield level, output value, economic benefits and fertilizer agronomic efficiency, and was higher than or close to the conventional high-yield cultivation model （CK1）, significantly higher than the labor-saving cultivation model （CK2）; the production cost is significantly lower than A2 and CK1. Among the three fertilization levels, the yield, output value and economic benefits of the 15% fertilizer reduction treatment （B2） was higher than full fertilizer treatment （B1）, and significantly higher than 30% fertilizer reduction treatment （B3）, and the yield and efficiency are higher than CK1. Through comprehensive comparison, the high-yield and high-efficiency fertilization model with synchronous side-deep fertilization for mechanical transplanting of early indica rice was as follows: 15% reduction of common fertilizer （pure N 166.5 kg/hm 2, P2O5 70.5 kg/ hm2, K2O 141.0 kg/hm2）, 77% N, 100% P and 65% K applied simultaneously at the side of machine, and artificial spreaded 23% N and 35% K in heading stage.

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Screening of Rice Varieties and Key Cultivation Techniques under Rice-crayfish Farming Model CHEN Shengliang, CHEN Jingjie, CHEN Huizhe 2022, 28(2): 88-90.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.02.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (400KB) ( )   Rice-shrimp farming model is a green, ecological and efficient agricultural farming model. In order to screen out rice varieties suitable for different rice-shrimp farming model, the yield and growth period performance of different rice varieties under rice-shrimp farming model were compared. The results showed that, the high-quality and high-yielding conventional rice such as Jia 67 and Jiahe 236 is suitable for the continuous cropping model of rice and shrimp; the vigorous indica-japonica hybrid rice varieties such as Jiayou Zhongke 13-1 is suitable for the rice-shrimp intercropping model; the early maturity and stable-yield conventional varieties such as Nangeng 3908 and Tianweixianggeng is suitable for the integrated breeding model. According to the characteristics of rice-crayfish farming model, the key techniques such as rice cultivation methods, planting density, fertilizer and water management were put forward.

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Variety Characteristics of Guangfengxiang 8 and Its Increasing Aroma Cultivation Techniques WANG Junjie, CHEN Weixiong, CHEN Xuyu, CHEN Yuying, CHEN Pingli, LIANG Qing 2022, 28(2): 91-93.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.02.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (333KB) ( )   Guangfengxiang 8 is a high-quality and high-yield simiao rice variety bred in 2009 by the Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It has been applied and promoted in Guangzhou and surrounding areas for more than 10 years, and it has become the leading variety in Guangzhou for many times, and has been rated as the leading variety in Guangzhou for many times. It has very strong vitality. In order to let the old varieties continue to glow with new vitality, we have systematically summarized the characteristics of Guangfengxiang 8, and carried out the demonstration of the application of aroma increasing cultivation techniques, which achieved good results.

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Discussion on the Prevention and Control Technology of Drug-resistant Weeds in Direct-Seeded Rice Fields ZHU Liyan, ZHU Qiangxing, HE Xiaochan, CHEN Xiaoyang, ZHOU Jianxia, ZHOU Xiaojun 2022, 28(2): 94-99.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.02.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (592KB) ( )   Field experiments showed that, adopting the management strategy of “one close and one kill” dynamic control mode, rely mainly on soil closuring while stem-leaf spraying is more in line with the actual production and application of pesticides in direct-seeded rice fields in the mid-Zhejiang rice area. “one close and one kill” means that 30% Preitochlor EC100 mL every 667 m2 is used for soil closuring after sowing before budding, and spraying the stems and leaves of the post-emergence weeds with 300g/L Pretilachlor EC100 mL+ 3% florpyrauxifen OD 53.3 mL, or 13% Cyhalofop-butyl and Florpyrauxifen mixture EC80 mL+ 100 g/L florpyrauxifen EC100 mL, or 10% Dicyclosulfone and Bisoxadionitrile GG 200 g, or 39% Propanil and Clomazone mixture EC 200 mL + 85% Butachlor EC47 mL, or 4% Bisoxadionitrile SC 150 mL is used for soil sealing, and spraying 2% Bisoxadionitrile GR 600 g 10~15d after sowing.

Local Rice

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Status, Problems and Development Countermeasures of Rice Industry in Yili Reclamation Area QI Jun, JIAN Dawei, ZHENG Wei, ZHOU Haining, PENG Xinxin, XIANG Jing, CHENG Huizhe 2022, 28(2): 100-105.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.02.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (819KB) ( )   Based on the statistical yearbook of Xinjiang Construction Corps and Yili Reclamation Area, combined with relevant literature and production practices, we analyzed the bottleneck problems of the rice industry development of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps（Yili Reclamation Area） in this paper, such as single varieties, degradation of varieties, urgent need for improvement in quality, and lack of core competition, etc. The water resource limitation, improving quality and efficiency of rice industry, agricultural structural adjustment and supply side reform all required the high quality and green development of rice industry in Yili Reclamation. In order to promote the development of the high-quality rice industry in the Yili Reclamation Area, we proposed the following countermeasures: breeding and promoting high-quality rice varieties, applying safe, efficient and green production technologies, developing more deep-processed rice products, and building famous brands.

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Some Thoughts on Protecting and Developing Terraced Fields in Taizhou City to Promote Rural Revitalization YING Junjie, ZHU Guiping, YANG Yujuan, HE Haohao, ZENG Xiaoyuan 2022, 28(2): 106-109.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.02.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (581KB) ( )   Terraced fields are valuable historical and cultural heritage and important basic farmland in hilly and mountainous areas. In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization in China, low income from traditional agriculture, the sharp decline of rural labor force and other reasons led a large number of terraced resources abandoned and not properly used. Taking Taizhou as an example to promote the sustainable high-quality development of terraces by rice-rape rotation technology, this article gives a brief description of production mode, light simplified cultivation, green development, integration of three productions, cultural heritage, etc., and discusses how to protect and develop terraced fields better in hilly and mountainous areas, ensure food security and promote rural revitalization.

Cultural Column

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Only the Rice Flower is Really and Mostly a China National Beauty with its Flowers and Fruits Scent the World（Rice Poems throughout History Attached） Pang Qianlin, LI Hongying, LIN Hai, RUAN Liuqing, XU Chunchun, E Zhigguo, QIAN Qian 2022, 28(2): 110-116.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.02.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1225KB) ( )   The “Only the peony is really a national beauty with its bloom shocking the capital”, an verse of LIU Yuxi of Important poem in Tang Dynasty, with Gorgeous in color and colorful in flowers by peony and designated as the national flower by Dowager Cixi in late Qing Dynasty, peony is still deemed as national beauty by some people, but there is no national flower decided by government of People's Republic of China. Some Association, local government,scholars have still thinking peony as national flower. We think rice flower is really and mostly a national beauty, with very much reason. The paper discussed “the Chinese color is gentle”, Chinese nature and seek, the color of rice flowers and fruits is the most pleasing to Chinese people, rice breeds prosperous China together with millet and wheat,rice now lay the cornerstone of Chinese civilization, rice plants more than 30 million hectares, produces more than 200 million tons in China, China is souce of world rice green revelution, invent place of hybrid rice, the earliest application of super rice, China rice is intense and meticulous farming, have the important status in China and World in the past, the present, and the future. Rice flower represents Chinese nature and seek, represents China spirit.Some selected poems throughout history attached behind to the thesis.