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20 November 2022, Volume 28 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Special Thesis & Basic Research
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Nutritional Quality Evaluation of Different Rice Varieties Based on Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis XU Qingyu, YU Jing, ZHU Dawei, ZHENG Xiaolong, MENG Lingqi, ZHU Zhiwei, SHAO Yafang 2022, 28(6): 1-8.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (756KB) ( )   In order to evaluate the nutritional quality of different colored whole rice grains, 3 red, 8 black and 8 non-pigmented rice grains were selected, 5 basic nutritional parameters, 13 elements and 9 bioactive components were detected, and principal component and cluster analysis were used as data analysis and quality evaluation methods. The results showed that the contents of total starch, dietary fiber and fat of different rice varieties fluctuated in a small range. The range of element contents of colored rice was larger than that of non-pigmented rice. There was a very significant correlation among total phenolic, flavonoid content, ABTS and DPH antioxidant activity, the contents of total phenolic and flavonoid in colored rice were significantly higher than in non-pigmented rice, and the contents in most black rice were significantly higher than those in red rice. The contents of total anthocyanin, cyaidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside in black rice were higher. The principal component analysis of basic nutritional parameters and elements divided all the nutritional quality into six components which could explain about 80% of the total variances. The cluster analysis of all the tested parameters in 19 samples divided all the samples into colored rice and non-pigmented brown rice. It also divided all the parameters into 5 categories as two categories of elements, one category of bioactive compounds and two categories of basic nutritional parameters. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for evaluating the nutritional quality of rice, and also provide new ideas for the production of new functional rice products.

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Effects of Dynamic High Temperature and Drought on Yield and Quality of Soft Japonica Rice During Filling Stage YU Enwei, XIA Chenyu, CONG Shumin, XUE Jiantao, HU Yajie 2022, 28(6): 9-11.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (471KB) ( )   The effects of dynamic temperature and drought on yield and quality of soft japonica rice Yangnongxiang 28 were studied with three treatments of dynamic high temperature(HT), drought(D), high temperature and drought(HTD) during filling stage, and the normal temperature moisture as CK. The results showed that, compared with CK, the 1 000-grain weight, seed setting rate and yield of HT treatment increased significantly, while that of D treatment decreased, and the difference between HTD treatment and CK was not significant. Compared with CK, the three treatments all decreased the milled rice rate, whole milled rice rate, amylose content and breakdown value, and increased the chalkiness rice rate, chalkiness degree, protein content, and disintegration value of Yangnongxiang 28. Among them, the difference of milled rice rate, whole milled rice rate, chalkiness rice rate and chalkiness degree reached a significant level. High temperature and drought at grain filling stage affected rice quality, and the effect of high temperature and drought combined treatment was greater than that of single treatment.

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Research Progress on Response of Rice Eating Quality to Temperature During the Grain Filling Stage XIA Chenyu, NI Jiahao, ZHU Yixuan, ZUO Xinlei, YU Enwei, CONG Shumin, XUE Jiantao, HU Yajie 2022, 28(6): 12-15.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (408KB) ( )   The response characteristics of rice eating quality to temperature during the grain filling stage were reviewed, and the relationships between rice eating quality and amylose, amylopectin and protein were clarified, the physiological basis of rice eating quality to temperature during the grain filling stage was expounded from the grain starch and protein synthesis metabolism. Finally, the research prospects of the effect of temperature during grain filling on rice eating quality were put forward.

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Advances on Effects of Starch Formation in Inferior Grains on Rice Quality LIU Haitian, WANG Feng, WANG Qiang, YU Yijun, MA Junwei 2022, 28(6): 16-20.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (608KB) ( )   With the development of society and the improvement of economic level, the consumer habits and consumption structures of people have taken great changes, and the demand for high-quality rice is increasing. So more and more attention has been paid to the research of rice quality. This paper summarized and analyzed the mechanism and corresponding regulatory pathways affecting the quality of inferior grains starch of rice. Based on these, we put forward a new idea to improve the overall nutritional quality of rice by regulating the inferior grains starch formation.

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Identification of Heat Tolerance of Rice Test Varieties in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River XIAO Benze, NAN Bo, ZHANG Fangyu 2022, 28(6): 21-26.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (730KB) ( )   High temperature has become one of the main limiting factors affecting the growth and development of rice. In this study, totally 1379 rice varieties in recent three years were identified for heat tolerance at the flowering stage under natural field and greenhouse conditions, and the thermotolerance phenotype among varieties from different years, different types and sources was comprehensively analyzed. Among tested materials, 11.96%, 66.78%, 18.06%, 2.76% and 0.44% of them had the best （Grade 1）, good （Grade 3）, medium （Grade 5）, poor （Grade 7） and the worst （Grade 9） heat tolerance at the flowering stage, respectively; and the number of heat-tolerant varieties is increasing year by year. The overall situation of heat tolerance of different type cultivars was as follows: two-line hybrids > three line hybrids > conventional rice, in two-line hybrid rice, three-line hybrid rice and conventional rice, the proportion of varieties with heat tolerance above grade 3 at the flowering stage were 82.57%, 73.45% and 60.00%, respectively. The rice materials from national or provincial regional trial, green channel regional trial and alliance regional trial had similar heat-resistant performance. A set of identification method and assessment system have been established for rice heat tolerance at the flowering stage by adopting both natural high-temperature and artificial greenhouse conditions, which can make a relatively consistent and objective evaluation for heat tolerance of tested materials from different years, different environments and different degrees of heat stress.

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Preliminary Study on Rice Fertilizer and Chemical Double Reduction Green Production Technology Based on Microbial Products WANG Danying, CHEN Song, LIU Kangchen, WEI Junhang, ZHANG Xiufu 2022, 28(6): 27-29.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (372KB) ( )   Reducing fertilizer and chemical input is an important measure to alleviate non-point source pollution in rice production. Based on the development of multi strain, compound and efficient microbial products, a study of using microbial fertilizer partially replacing chemical fertilizer was carried out in year 2020 and 2021. Through microbial agents to promote the efficient utilization of straw, the rational allocation of microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in the process of rice growth to reduce the application of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, the innovation of labor-saving and efficient fertilizer application method, and the improvement of tillage and irrigation technology combined with fertilization, a fertilizer and chemical double reduction technology based on microorganism was established in rice production. The demonstration in 2021 shows no significant grain yield difference by reducing chemical fertilizer and fungicide by 66% and 65% respectively compared with local farmers. The results showed that the reduction of fertilizer and chemical in rice production can be achieved by partially replacing chemical fertilizer with microbial fertilizers.

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Effects of Nitrogen Management on Yield and Lodging Resistance of Rice under Rice-crayfish Coculture XU Qiang, LI Jingyong, DAI Linxiu, PENG Xiang, YANG Qian, DOU Zhi, GAO Hui 2022, 28(6): 30-36.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (881KB) ( )   The effects of nitrogen management on rice yield and lodging resistance characteristics of rice in the rice-crayfish coculture were studied, by two interactive experiments of different rice cropping modes (rice monocropping, rice-crayfish coculture) and nitrogen fertilizer management (no nitrogen application, conventional nitrogen application, and nitrogen-reduction application). The results showed that, the rice yields of the conventional nitrogen application treatment and nitrogen reduction treatment under rice-crayfish coculture were 7 539 kg/hm2 and 7 328 kg/hm2, respectively, which were 29.4%-32.3% lower than those of the rice monocropping. It was mainly caused by the continuous rainfall after rice transplanting in the experiment year, and also related to the decrease in the number of effective panicles, grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight of rice under deep-water flooding. Compared with rice monoculture, the plant height, panicle length, the gravity center height, the bending moment and lodging index of the rice-crayfish coculture increased by 12.9%, 17.9%, 8.0%, 20.9% and 33.5% on average, the thickness of culm wall, breaking resistance, and breaking moment of the second internode decreased by 38.7%, 16.8% and 16.6% on average. In the rice-crayfish coculture mode, compared with the conventional nitrogen application treatment, the breaking resistance of the second internode of the rice stem in the nitrogen reduction treatment increased by 13.5%, and the lodging index decreased by 1.8%, rice yield reduced only 2.9%. Correlation analysis showed that the stem wall thickness was extremely significantly negatively correlated with lodging index (p<0.01), and the plant height and bending moment were significantly negatively correlated with breaking resistance (p<0.05). The rice-crayfish coculture can ensure stable rice yield, reducing application amount of nitrogen fertilizer can improve the lodging resistance under this mode and reduce the lodging risk.

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Effects of Spraying GABA on Growth of Rice Seedlings under Salt Stress SUN Jianping, ZHAO Zijing, DAI Xianglin, LU Yao, HE Zongjun, LIU Yahui 2022, 28(6): 37-42.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (780KB) ( )   The effects of cold-adapted microbial consortium HT20 on rice straw decomposition, nutrient release characteristics and soil nutrient dynamics in the coastal rice area of eastern Hebei were investigated. The experiment adopted the litter bag method, and set up three treatments: straw returning to the field without straw-decomposing inoculants（CK）, straw returning to the field with the application of Nongfukang（JF） and straw returning to the field with the application of HT20（JH）. Straw and soil samples were partially removed for analysis at the transplanting stage, tillering stage, jointing stage, booting stage, heading stage, milk ripening stage, and the maturation stage. Then, the straw mass, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient residue rates for the straw and soil nutrient content were determined. Compared with CK and JF treatment, the residual rate for straw mass in the JH treatment decreased by 9.01%-24.08% and 4.68%-11.31% during the sampling period respectively, the residual rate for straw nitrogen decreased by 15.56%-24.94% and 26.54%-36.31% during the transplanting stage and jointing stage, the residual rate for straw phosphorus decreased by 9.68% and 11.28% at the jointing stage, the residual rate for straw potassium was no significant difference among them, the residual rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased negatively in the later stage. Compared with CK and JF treatment, the soil available nitrogen contents in the JH treatment increased by 53.33% and 4.55% at the tillering stage, respectively; the soil available phosphorus content increased by 195.62% and 65.80% at the jointing stage, and increased by 138.14% and 195.62% at the heading stage, respectively; the soil available potassium content increased by 7.64%-168.87% and 29.34%-179.30% during the sampling period, respectively. Compared with CK and JF treatment, the number of tillers in the JH treatment significantly increased by 14.10% and 16.57%, and the rice yield increased by 11.25% and 17.11%. It can be seen that the cold-adapted microbial consortium（HT20） could speed up the decomposition process of returning straws and the release of straw nutrients, improve soil fertility, promote rice tillering and growth, and then increase rice yield.

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Effects of Spraying GABA on Growth of Rice Seedlings under Salt Stress FENG Di, GAO Qian, CUI Kai, QI Na, ZHU Wei, TANG Jingchun, HUA Zetian 2022, 28(6): 43-48.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (985KB) ( )   Abstract：The aim of this study is to clarify the effects of spraying Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on growth of rice seedlings under different levels of salt stress. Tianlongyou 619, a major japonica rice variety in Tianjin was used as the research material. Rice seedlings were cultivated in plugs and transplanted into hydroponic cups when 3 leaves expanded. five NaCl solutions (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mmol/L) were tested. 4 mmol/L GABA solution was sprayed to leaves as experimental group, and water was used as the control group. Seedling growth and physiological characteristics under salt stress were analyzed. The results showed that, with the increase of salt stress, the plant height increment and leaf area of rice showed a downward trend; dead leaf rate, root dry-fresh ratio, POD and SOD enzyme activities in leaves showed an upward trend; root activity and APX enzyme activity in leaves increased first and then decreased. Under the same salt stress, compared with the treatment without spraying GABA, the four salt stress treatment with spraying GABA showed: plant height increment increased by 1.7%~32.4%, dead leaf rate decreased by 1.6%~23.3%, root dry weight decreased by 9.3%~22.0%, root activity increased by 1.2%~94.4%, POD, SOD and APX enzyme activities increased by 5.0%~20.8%, 9.8%~17.3% and 7.2%~64.4%, respectively. It can be seen that foliar spraying of 4 mmol/L GABA on the leaf surface could improve the salt tolerance of rice and promote the assimilation to be preferentially allocated to the aboveground parts.

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Effects of Different Biochar and Silicon Treatments on Lodging Resistance Properties and Yield of Rice WU Yunyan 2022, 28(6): 49-53.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (852KB) ( )   The effects of the combined application of biochar and silicon fertilizer on rice lodging resistance, stalk strength, chemical substance content and enzyme activity were studied with Koshihikari as the experimental material. The results showed that peanut shell biochar and silicon fertilizer application significantly reduced internode length, increased culm internode diameter, significantly reduced the lodging index and lodging area rate of rice, and improved the starch content, lignin content and cellulose content and lignin key enzyme activities. Among them, 7.5 t/hm2 biochar and 45 kg/hm2 silicon fertilizer as basal application and foliar spraying 0.02% silicon fertilizer were the optimal carbon-silicon combination application. This treatment significantly enhanced the lodging resistance and yield of Koshihikari, the lodging index of the first, second and third internode decreased by 36.42%, 30.19% and 26.83% respectively compared with the control. Correlation analysis showed that the lodging index and lodging area rate of rice were significantly negatively correlated with the strength of the stem; the starch content, cellulose content, and lignin content in stems were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with stem strength, and significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with lodging index and lodging area rate; the lignin content was significantly positively correlated with the activities of PAL, TAL, 4CL and CAD. The research results could provide scientific basis and technical support for lodging-resistant cultivation of high-quality rice Koshihikari.

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Analysis of Fragrance and Fragrance Gene Variation Types of 9 Conventional Fragrant Rice Varieties in Guangxi LIU Guanglin, LI Hu, WU Zishuai, LUO Qunchang, LI Qiuwen, ZHU Qinan, CHEN Chuanhua 2022, 28(6): 54-58.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (578KB) ( )   In order to speed up the breeding and the extension and application of fragrant rice varieties in Guangxi, the aroma phenotypes of nine fragrant rice varieties in Guangxi were identified by sensory and instrumental methods, the aroma types were evaluated by steam sniffer method, and the aroma genotypes were identified by using functional markers of six aroma gene variants developed so far. The results showed that the identification results of sensory and instrumental methods were consistent, and the nine tested varieties were all fragrant rice varieties. Except Guiyefeng, which is taro flavor type, the other eight varieties were popcorn flavor type. All tested varieties were the genetic variation type of 8bp deletion in exon 7 except Guimoxiang 1. Guimoxiang 1 had a fragrance score of 75 points and 2-AP content of 74.838 μg/kg, but did not belong to the six Badh2 gene variants detected in this study, needed for further identification and research.

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Effects of Drilling Density on Plough Layer Improvement and Rice Yield in Saline-sodic Soil LI Shuaizhi, HOU Ligang, LIU Liang, MA Wei, LIU Xiaoliang, LIN Zhe 2022, 28(6): 59-62.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (608KB) ( )   Soda saline-alkali soil is an important reserve cultivated land resource in China, but its soil physical and chemical properties are poor and the yield of planted crops is low. The improvement and rational utilization of soda saline-alkali land has a great significance for the development of regional agriculture, but the improvement cycle is long, difficult and costly. In this study, through field experiments, five drilling densities were set up to analyze the effects of different drilling densities on soil aggregate structure, pH value, soil salinity and rice yield under the condition of filling amendments. The results showed that, compared with the control without drilling, the drilling treatment increased the content of soil water-stable aggregates, decreased the pH and salinity in plough layer soil, and increased the effective panicle number and seed setting rate of rice, thereby increased rice yield. With the increase of drilling density, the plough layer soil improvement was improved. Compared with the control without drilling, when the drilling density reached 15 holes/m2, the content of water stable aggregates in plough layer soil and rice yield increased by 26.22% and 72.57%, pH value and soil salinity decreased by 4.75% and 10.16%, respectively. Continuing to increase the drilling density, the rice yield decreased, but the difference was not significant with the hole punching density treatment of 15 holes/m2. Comprehensive production practice and operability, drilling density of 15 holes/m2 or drilling area of 0.12 m2 per 1.0 m2 can be used as a reasonable drilling plan for improving moderate and severe soda saline-alkali paddy fields. The results provide a theoretical basis for the innovation of soda saline-alkali paddy field improvement technology.

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Effects of Cultivation Techniques on Selenium Content in Rice——Based on Literature Analysis ZOU Pan, LIAO Sha, XIAO Qiang, CHEN Yijie, ZHU Xiangcheng 2022, 28(6): 63-69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (749KB) ( )   The objective of this study is to clarify the effects of cultivation measures on rice Se content in different rice cropping regions. Based on the relevant literatures at home and abroad, this paper quantitatively analyzed the effects of fertilization, irrigation, lime application and other cultivation measures on the selenium content and rice yield, and compared the differences in selenium content among different rice varieties. The results showed that the application of N, P, K fertilizer could promote the accumulation of selenium in rice compared with no fertilizer application. The return of vetch to the field could increase the selenium content of rice, and its increase was significantly positively correlated with the amount of vetch. The effects of other organic fertilizers on the selenium content of rice differs in different studies. Water-saving management such as intermittent irrigation and wet irrigation and application of lime could improve the selenium content of rice. There were significant differences in the ability of different rice varieties to accumulate selenium, and this difference was not affected by soil selenium content. Cultivation measures such as selection of selenium-enriched rice varieties, return of vetch to fields, water-saving irrigation and appropriate application of lime could achieve the synergy of natural selenium enrichment and high yield in rice.

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Evaluation and Screening of Rice Germplasm Resources with Saline-Alkali Tolerance in Eastern Mongolia HAN Lei, ZHENG Hongxia, YANG Zhong, WEN li, HAI Rihan, SUN Wurina, CHEN Yuquan, XUE Hainan, LIANG Shuang, LI Fengjiao, MENG Xiangrui, XUE Wenjing, LIANG Yi, XU Xingjian 2022, 28(6): 70-73.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (490KB) ( )   In order to screen out the saline-alkali-tolerant rice germplasm resources suitable for planting in Hinggan League area of Inner Mongolia, we comprehensively evaluated the saline-alkali tolerance of 102 rice germplasm resources promoted and introduced in Inner Mongolia by analyzing the percentage of dead leaves, aline-alkali hazard index, yield traits and agronomic traits. The results showed that Changbai 9, Suigeng 26, Wulan 105, Jinongda 538, Songliao 5 and Songliao 186 performed high saline-alkali tolerance and yielding ability, which could be used as saline-alkali resistant resources.

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Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Phenotypic Traits in 60 Japonica Rice Germplasm Resources from Different Sources CHEN Li, SUN Jianchang 2022, 28(6): 74-82.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (741KB) ( )   In order to better select and utilize the dominant parents and improve the breeding efficiency of new rice varieties, 60 rice germplasms from Fujian, Northeast China and Ningxia were used as materials, the phenotypic diversities of 18 main traits of rice resources were evaluated through the coefficient of variation, genetic diversity index, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, stepwise regression analysis and other methods. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of 18 phenotypic traits was between 1.10% and 63.40%, among which the coefficient of variation of yellow-grained rice was the largest（63.40%）, the coefficients of variation of rice appearance quality such as the rate of whole milled rice, chalky grain rate, chalkiness degree and imperfect grain were relatively large, all above 34.00%, while the coefficients of variation of roughness rate and growth period were relatively small, 1.10% and 2.94% respectively. The diversity index of the 18 phenotypic traits was 1.74-2.10, among which the genetic diversity index of the growth period was the lowest, and the diversity index of the plot yield was the highest. The phenotypic diversity index of 60 rice resources was analyzed according to the source. The phenotypic diversity index of rice resources in various regions varied greatly, among which Fujian had the largest variation range （1.06-2.10）, followed by Northeast China （1.50-2.09）, and Ningxia had the smallest variation range （1.51-2.01）. The tested rice resources were clustered into 4 categories with the genetic distance of 1.03, and the characteristics of each type of resources were clarified. Based on the comprehensive D value of principal component analysis, the germplasm resources were sorted, and the top 10 germplasms with the highest comprehensive score were screened. At the same time, using the D value of principal component analysis and stepwise regression analysis, an evaluation equation of rice resources was constructed, which provides a basis for comprehensive evaluation and screening of rice resources.

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Effects of Combined Application of Zinc and Organic Components on Cadmium Absorption and Transport in Rice TAO Runping, ZHANG Jiawei, CAO Shan, ZHU Jing, XU Yiqun 2022, 28(6): 83-88.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (639KB) ( )   On account of Cd pollution （5 mg/kg）, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of combined application of two zinc sources （ZnSO4, ZnO-NPs） and three organic components （silkworm sand, rapeseed cake, bean cake） on the adsorption of Cd and Zn by rice, and Cd speciation in the soil. The results showed that the combined application of organic components and zinc could increase soil pH and CEC （cation exchange capacity） values, reduce soil DTPA-extracted cadmium content, increase DTPA-extracted zinc content, and change cadmium speciation. Compared with the control, the combined treatments could reduce Cd concentration in the brown rice. While employing the same organic component, the combined treatment of ZnO-NPs obviously surpassed that of ZnSO4. The treatment of ZnO-NPs + rapeseed cake could reduce Cd concentration to 0.04 mg/kg in brown rice, lower than the national standard. Correlation analysis showed that the cadmium content in brown rice was significantly positively correlated with the zinc content in brown rice, and the soil DTPA-extracted cadmium content was negatively correlated with the zinc content in various organs of rice. Combined application of organic components and zinc sources could affect the ability of rice to absorb and accumulate Cd by altering Cd and Zn availability in soil, Zn concentration in various organs of rice and Cd speciation.

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Interactive Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Planting Density on Rice Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation under Saline-Alkali Conditions in Cold Region of China MA Bo, LAI Yongcai, WANG Junhe, LIU Chuanzeng, LIU Kai, HU Jifang, TANG Kefei, WANG Qi, BIAN Jingyang, ZHAO Fuyang, LIU Rui 2022, 28(6): 89-93.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (681KB) ( )   In order to clarify the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and planting density interaction on rice yield and dry matter accumulation under salt-alkali conditions in cold region, Longgeng 21 was used as the material to conducted experiment. The results showed that rice yield had a significant quadratic relationship with nitrogen fertilizer and planting density. Under the saline-alkali conditions, the single-factor nitrogen application rate and planting density of Longgeng 21 were 169.9±5.0 kg/hm2 and 32.9±1.0 clumps/m2, respeclives. The interaction of moderate nitrogen application and higher planting density was more likely to obtain high rice yield. The combination of high nitrogen fertilizer and high planting density could obtain higher dry matter accumulation and LAI while the yield was significantly reduced at the full heading stage. The combination of medium nitrogen fertilizer and medium planting density could obtain higher photosynthetic rate of flag leaves at the full heading stage, thereby increasing rice yield. The combination of high nitrogen fertilizer and high planting density was more likely to receive more numse of spikes, but the combination of medium nitrogen application and low planting density was easier to obtain larger spikes. There was no interaction effect between nitrogen fertilizer and planting density on thousand-grain weight. Therefore, it is necessary to scientifically and rationally cooperate with nitrogen fertilizer and planting density to build a reasonable group structure, and thus rice yield potential in the saline-alkali land of cold regions can be realized.

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Study on the Resistance of Rice Chilo suppressalis to Abamectin in Different Areas of Liaoning Province YANG Mei, CHU Jin, SHAO Lingyun, SUN Fuyu, LIU Xinyu, YU Fengquan 2022, 28(6): 94-97.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (450KB) ( )   The resistance level, carboxylesterase activity, multifunctional oxidase activity and glutathione S-transferase activity of rice Chilo suppressalis to abamectin were measured by topical application method and spectrophotometric method for three consecutive years, to clarify the changes of resistance to abamectin and the resistance mechanism of rice Chilo suppressalis in different areas of Liaoning Province. The resistance of Chilo suppressalis to abamectin in various regions of Liaoning Province was increasing year by year, but was still at low resistance and sensitivity levels. Carboxylesterase activity did not show significant differences in different regions, while multifunctional oxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities showed a trend of increasing year by year along with the resistance of Chilo suppressalis to abamectin, and there were significant differences in some regions. The resistance of Chilo suppressalis to abamectin was still at a sensitive level in various regions of Liaoning Province, and the application of abamectin could still achieve good control effects. The changes of glutathione S-transferase and multifunctional oxidase activities of Chilo suppressalis could better reflect the changes of its resistance level to abamectin.

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Analysis on the Status of Rice Production in Liaoning Province and Suggestions for Technical Optimization LI Yuedong, DONG Liqiang, SUI Guomin, CHAI Zhenjun, XU Tingting 2022, 28(6): 98-101.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (542KB) ( )   As the pressure on resources and environment continues to increase, reducing production costs, improving production efficiency, improving fertilizer and water use efficiency, and maintaining the lasting and high yield capacity of arable land have become urgent requirements for rice production. Based on the three rice production region in Liaoning Province, the rice production of 254 individual rice producers in 14 counties and cities with large planting areas were investigated in 2020, and the application effects of the traditional mode and the optimized cultivation mode were compared. The technology optimization approaches and development suggestions were put forward based on the production characteristics of different operators.

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Development and Utilization Technology of Cold Coaked Field and Comprehensive Planting and Breeding in Southern Rice Area ZENG Jianxin, GONG Xiangsheng, YU Zhengjun, LIU Xiaoyan, CHEN Can, FU Zhiqiang, DAI Zhenyan, HUANG Yao, LIU Dengkui, CHEN Liechen, LU Ming, CHEN Shuang, ZHOU Guofeng, YU Changsheng, TONG Zhongquan, LIU Wenling, HUANG Huang 2022, 28(6): 102-106.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (627KB) ( )   The distribution, formation, characteristics, definition methods and the current situation of utilization of cold soaked fields in southern rice area were analyzed in this paper. In view of the current situation of large area and low utilization rate of cold-soaked fields in southern rice area, research on the development and utilization technology of cold-soaked fields was carried out. The results showed that the benefit of the “rice + turtle +carp” model in the cold-soak field was 88 586 yuan/hm2, and the production-to-investment ratio was 2.062, which was much higher than that of the single-plant rice model in the cold-soak field （the benefit was 1 969 yuan/hm2, and the production-to-investment ratio was 1.138）, and higher than the “rice + turtle + carp” model in ordinary fields（the benefit was 64 860 yuan/hm2, and the production-to-investment ratio was 1.761）. On the basis of the experiment, the technical points of comprehensive planting and breeding development and utilization in cold-soaked fields are summarized: renovation of the three-dimensional structure of cold-soaked fields, improvement of farming and fertilization technology, comprehensive cultivation of “rice + turtle + carp”. The development and utilization of comprehensive planting and breeding in cold-soaked fields is of great significance to improve the utilization rate of cold-soaked fields and ensure food security.

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Development of a New Japonica Rice Variety Yangnonggeng 3091 with Blast Resistance Through Marker-assisted Selection CHEN Zongxiang, FENG Zhiming, ZHANG Yafang, YE yinghao, LI Mingyou, WANG Xiaoqiu, WANG Jianan, HU Keming, ZUO Simin 2022, 28(6): 107-109.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (447KB) ( )   Through incomplete backcross breeding and molecular marker-assisted selection, a new japonica rice variety ‘Yangnonggeng 3091’ was bred containing Pigm, a broad-spectrum resistance gene to rice blast. In the program developing the variety, all rice lines with Pigm presented well resistance to blast disease. Besides of blast resistance, Yangnonggeng 3091 was showed well agronomic characteristics, elite grain quality, high and stable yield, and authorized by Jiangsu Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2021. In this paper, the breeding process, agronomic characteristics and cultivation methods of Yangnonggeng 3091 was introduced.

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Preliminary Application of Food Attractant of Rice Leaf Folderon Rice LU Jiahao, SHEN Fangyuan, ZHENG Xusong, GUO Jiawen, LU Zhongxian, JI Tiancen, XU Hongxing 2022, 28(6): 110-112.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (377KB) ( )   The experiment on the trapping effect of food attractant on rice leaf folder was carried out in Songjiang of Shanghai from June to October in 2021, in comparison with traditional methods such as sex pheromone trapping, light trapping. Food attractant trapping was overall better than sex pheromone trapping. The proportion of female adults in grade I ovary was 30.95%, and the non-mating rate was 96.15%. The number of trapped females was significantly higher than that of males, with a female-to-male ratio of 2.34. Thus, food attractant trappings can trap both male and female and trap unmatched females at low-level ovarian development stage, which provides a theoretical basis for the green control of rice leaf folder.

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Effects of Sowing Date on Yield and Utilization of Temperature and Sunshine Resource of Japonica Rice in Cold Regions LIU Youhong, ZHANG Jun, TANG Ao, LIU Kai, ZHANG Xijuan, DONG Wenjun, MENG Ying, LAI Yongcai 2022, 28(6): 113-117.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (523KB) ( )   This study was conducted to investigate the effects of seeding date on yield, growth stage and utilization of temperature and sunshine resource of high-quality japonica rice, clarify the main meteorological factors affecting rice yield in cold regions, so as to provide a basis for the scientific selection of high-quality japonica rice sowing dates. The results showed that the growth duration of high-quality japonica rice reduced and the growth stages shortened with the delay of sowing date, which was related to the increase of the daily average temperature from seedling stage to heading stage and the decrease of the daily average light hours in whole growth period. With the delay of sowing date, the accumulated temperature and illumination hours for growth stages and the yield of high-quality japonica rice decreased, the main reason for the reduction in yield was the decrease in the number of panicle and the number of grains per panicle. The correlation analysis between yield and climate factors showed that the daily average temperature from seedling stage to heading stage had a significant negative correlation with the relative yield, which was one of the main reasons for the decline of japonica rice yield, while the solar radiation from seedling stage to maturity stage had a significant positive correlation with the relative yield, indicating that solar radiation had a positive effect on yield formation of rice in cold regions.

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Effects of the Number of Rice False Smut Balls and the Position of the Diseased Ear on Yield and Quality of Northern Japonica Rice PAN Zhengyan, JIANG Xiuying, MIAO Jiankun, MA Liang, JIANG Hongbo, DONG Liqiang, LIU Bo, HAN Yong, BAI Yuanjun 2022, 28(6): 118-121.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (435KB) ( )   The rice smut susceptible variety Liaojing 401 was selected as the research material to analyze the effects of the number and the location of fungal balls on a single ear on the yield, processing quality, cooking and eating quality of rice. The results showed that the number of fungi balls per ear of Liaogeng 401 was mainly 1-3. With the number of fungi balls per ear increased, the yield decreased gradually by 2.71%-35.47%, and the chalky grain rate gradually increased by 7.02%-94.90%, the whole rice rate gradually decreased by 0.81%-13.18%. Based on the data of rice yield and quality, the numbers of 3, 6, and 9 fungus balls on a single ear is the demarcation point that affects Liaogeng 401. The occurrence of fungal balls in the upper part of the ear had a greater impact on the yield and quality than that of the fungal balls in the middle and lower parts of the ear. The occurrence of 3 fungal balls in the upper part of the ear can cause 18.56% yield loss of Liaogeng 401.

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Effects of Controlled-release Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Rice in Newly Cultivated Paddy Field SHEN Xinglian, MO Honghua, LOU Lin, SHEN Jianguo, PANG Fasong 2022, 28(6): 122-124.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (425KB) ( )   Under the reduction of 18% total chemical fertilizer, the effects of two different controlled-release fertilizers on the growth and yield of rice grew in newly cultivated paddy field were studied. The results showed that application of controlled-release fertilizer could significantly reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer without affecting the yield, and increase the partial productivity of fertilizers. Compared with conventional fertilizer, controlled-release fertilizers increased leaf chlorophyll value in the early stage of rice growth, and increased the number of grains per panicle and grain weight to make up for the lack of effective panicles. In the two controlled-release fertilizers, the effect of organic controlled-release fertilizer was better, its yield, efficiency and partial productivity of fertilizer were increased by 1.1%, 350.4 yuan/hm2, and 23.2% compared with conventional fertilizer, respectively. It is suggested that “Holegeng” organic slow-release fertilizer can be popularized and applied as one of the main rice slow-release fertilizer in Yuhang district.

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Breeding of Japonica Hybrid Rice Hexiangyou 1 and Its Seed Production and Direct Seeding Cultivation Techniques ZHAN Liwei, HOU Fan, SHEN Fengping, SHEN Weijun, SHANG Zishuai, ZHANG Zhihong, DING Guohua, YANG Guang, CHEN Youyuan 2022, 28(6): 125-128.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.026 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (480KB) ( )   Hexiangyou 1 is a new japonica hybrid combination, developed by Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Zhejiang Wuwangnong Seed Industry Co., Ltd. with Hexiang 1A and TD47. The combination has the advantages of good quality, strong comprehensive resistance and wide adaptability. It was released with the authorization of the National Crop Variety Approval Committee of China in 2020, suitable for single season late rice planting in the japonica rice regions of Zhejiang, Shanghai, southern Jiangsu, Anhui and Hubei along the Yangzhi River. According to the field demonstration performance and seed production practice of this variety in recent years, we summarized the high yield seed production technology and direct seeding technology of this combination.

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Characteristics and High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Weiliangyou 8612 with Yield 1 100 kg/667 m2 SHI Yonggan, HUANG Guosheng, YANG Jianhui, CHEN Huihong, WANG Zhongyou, XU Shubin, XIONG Zhijun, XIAO Limin, MA Jianguo, QIN Peng, YANG Yuanzhu 2022, 28(6): 129-131.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.027 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (418KB) ( )   Weiliangyou 8612 is a strong advantage hybrid rice combination bred by Yuanlongping Agricultural High-Tech Co., Ltd., Hunan Longping High-Tech Seed Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd. and Hunan Yahua Seed Industry Research Institute. It has the characteristics of ideal plant and leaf morphology, coordinated panicle-grain structure, excellent disease resistance and stress resistance, and high yield potential. In the large-scale demonstration of super rice in 2021 and 2022, the average yield of Weiliangyou 8612 reached 1 114.8 kg/667 m2 and 1 158.8 kg/667 m2 respectively. The article summarized the characteristics of Weiliangyou 8612 and the main points of cultivation techniques for yield 1 100 kg/667 m2.

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Planting Performance and Whole-process Mechanized Cultivation Techniques of Hybrid Rice Yiyou 566 with High Quality in Nanping City of Fujian Province LIU Duanhua 2022, 28(6): 132-134.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.028 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (407KB) ( )   The high-quality hybrid rice Yiyou 566 has been planted in Nanping City, Fujian Province as a mid-season rice for three consecutive years. It showed the characteristics of moderate plant type, strong tilling ability, good color change at maturity, high quality and high yield. The whole mechanized cultivation technique of Yiyou 566 was preliminarily summarized according to the climate characteristics and labor force situation in North Fujian.

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Characteristics and Key Cultivation Techniques of High-quality Conventional Japonica Rice Shangshida 19 XIA Jianming, JIANG Qigen, LI Maobai, XU Yongping, GAO Liugen, LOU Jianfeng 2022, 28(6): 135-136.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.029 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (247KB) ( )   Shangshida 19 is a long-grain fragrant soft japonica rice bred by Shanghai Normal University. It has the characteristics of moderate growth period, high yield, strong lodging resistance, good disease resistance, high rice quality, and good commerciality. This paper summarized the experimental performance and main cultivation techniques of Shangshida 19.