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20 May 2021, Volume 27 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Special Thesis & Basic Research
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Special Thesis & Basic Research

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Research Progress on Integrated Development of Rice Industry in China Xi WANG, Lei ZHANG, Jianfei LU 2021, 27(3): 1-5.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (679KB) ( )   Based on the review of research on integrated development of rice industry in recent 5 years, the main developing models of rice industry integration, the existing problems in the development and related countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of business entity, service support, technological innovation, operation mechanism, government policy, brand building were summarized. The deficiency of the existing researches and suggestions for further research were put forward.

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Technical Design and Thinking of Rice-fish-duck Symbiosis Model Xiangjie MENG, Ziyin ZOU, Yugang LIANG, Ren WANG, Huang HUANG, Can CHEN 2021, 27(3): 6-9.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (583KB) ( )   In order to solve the problem of the symbiosis of rice, fish and ducks, a technical solution for polyculture of fish and ducks under rice planting was proposed and implemented in Lukou Town, Changsha County, Hunan Province from 2019 to 2020. Through two years of observation, it is found that the“rice-fish-duck” symbiosis model ensured the growth of rice, while also maintained the underwater living environment of fish and the field and surface activity space of ducks. Through the activities and predation of duck and fish, it could effectively prevent and control the occurrence of diseases, pests and weeds in field, and reduce the application of herbicides. At the same time, the manure of fish and ducks could be directly return to the field and reduce the application of fertilizers, which plays an important role in increasing soil nutrient content and reducing farmland pollution. The deep water area in the rice field had the function of storing water and alleviating the shortage of irrigation water. The“rice-fish-duck” symbiosis model has obvious economic, ecological and social benefits.

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Advances in Research and Application of Water Management Related to Cadmium Contamination in Rice Yan ZHANG, Jianfeng JIANG, Qina HUANG, Guosheng SHAO, Honghang WANG 2021, 27(3): 10-16.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (757KB) ( )   Cadmium （Cd） contamination of paddy field is serious which threaten to the rice safety of China. It is urgently to develop products and measures which can control the Cd contamination effectively in rice. It is difficult to prevent and control Cd contamination of rice without fail because paddy ecosystem is highly complex and susceptible to various factors. Numerous studies have shown that reasonable water management technology can not only ensure the good growth and yield of rice, but also effectively reduce Cd accumulation in rice. In this paper, the effects of water on soil physical and chemical properties, microbial dynamics and plant growth were reviewed,and the relevant main principles of water management to reduce cadmium accumulation in rice were expounded. What’s more, the current research progress related to water management models was summarized and future research direction was prospected. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the application of water management technology to reduce cadmium contamination in actual production, which leads to the realization of rice safety production more effectively.

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Effects of Long-term Straw Returning and Tillage Ways on Yield and Quality of Rice Ziyang WANG, Wanhua CHEN, Wei YUAN, Zhengping ZHOU, Shiping LIU 2021, 27(3): 17-21.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (460KB) ( )   In a wheat-rice double cropping system, we made a long-term location experiment about the effects of the yield and quality of rice which cultivated with different tillage methods and straw returning. The results showed that, compared with “plowing + straw not returning to field” （control, CT）, “no-tillage + straw returning to field” （MTS） and “plowing + straw returning to field” （CTS） treatment improved the fertilizer level of the top three leaves of rice during the heading stage, and significantly increased the grain yield. The grain yield of CTS treatment increased by 6.9%~14.8% compared with CT treatment in 2018 and 2019. From the perspective of yield components, the effective ear number of MTS and CTS treatments both increased significantly, and the number of real grains also increased; from the perspective of rice quality, MTS and CTS treatments improved the processing quality, appearance quality and cooking and eating quality of rice. However, the “continuous no-tillage + straw returning to field” treatment （NTS） reduced the grain yield, which was 10.9%~11.8% lower than the control （CT）; compared with the control （CT）, the number of kernels per ear under NTS treatment decreased significantly, and the appearance quality and cooking and eating quality deteriorated.

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Nitrogen Diagnosis Model of Vegetation Indices Based on Canopy Hyperspectral Remote Sensing for Hybrid Rice Xiaoke WANG, Tingting LIU, Guiling XU, Yuehua FENG, Jinfeng PENG, Jie LI, Qiangxin LUO, Zhili HAN, Wei LU, Somsana PHONENASAY 2021, 27(3): 21-29.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (921KB) ( )   A split plot experiment of hybrid rice with two factors was carried out. There were two cultivars in the main plot and five nitrogen application levels in the sub plot. The correlation between four vegetation indices （VIs） and leaf nitrogen content（LNC）, leaf nitrogen accumulation（LNA） and aerial part nitrogen accumulation （APNA） were analyzed respectively, and nitrogen diagnosis models with VIs as the independent variable were established. The results showed that there were band regions with coefficient of determination （r2） greater than 0.7 between the four VIs and LNC and LNA, respectively, and the band regions are consistent. The r2 between the four VIs and APNA were low, only about 0.2; the maximum r2 between ratio vegetation index （RVI） and LNC was 0.886, and the corresponding band combination is 694 nm and 763 nm. The maximum r2 between perpendicular vegetation index（PVI） and LNC is 0.869 and the corresponding band combination was 864 nm and 483 nm, the maximum r2 between difference vegetation index （DVI） and LNC was 0.883 and the corresponding band combination was 1 292 nm and 1 258 nm, the maximum r2 of normalized vegetation index （NDVI） and LNC was 0.881 and the corresponding band combination was 1 296 nm and 1 220 nm. The optimal nitrogen diagnosis model was LNC diagnosis model, and the model expression was LNC = 1E+03NDVI2-132.55NDVI+3.72; the correlation index（R2）, RMSE and RE of training set were 0.879, 0.357% and 16.267%, respectively; the R2, RMSE and RE of test set were 0.895, 0.331% and 15.136%, respectively.

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Response Characteristics of Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics, Photosynthetic Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of Super Hybrid Rice to Different Nitrogen Application Rates Jinfeng PENG, Tingting LIU, Guiling XU, Yuehua FENG, Xiaoke WANG, Jie LI, Qiangxin LUO, Somsana PHONENASAY, Zhili HAN, Wei LU 2021, 27(3): 30-36.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (716KB) ( )   In order to explore the response characteristics of leaf photosynthetic characteristics, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and yield of super hybrid rice to different nitrogen application rates, a field experiment with rice cultivar Q you 6（V1） and Yixiangyou 2115 （V2） as materials was conducted under the conditions of different nitrogen application rates in Huangping county, Guizhou Province in 2019. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application rate, at booting stage, maximum electron transfer rate （Jmax） and nitrogen content per leaf area （Narea） showed an upward trend, apparent quantum efficiency （AQE）, leaf net photosynthetic rate （Pn）and photosynthetic nitrogen utilization efficiency（PNUE）（except N0 treatment） increased first and then decreased, while light compensation point （LCP）, intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci） were just opposite. At the heading stage, stomatal conduction to CO2（Gs）, LCP and Narea increased first and then decreased, while PNUE showed opposite trend. Moreover, the spikelet per panicle and the harvest yield first increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, while the spikelet number per panicle showed an upward trend, 1 000-grain weight and seed setting rate showed opposite trend. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, at the booting stage, Pn, Narea and AQE of V1 increased first and then decreased, and Ci had the opposite trend. Pn, Narea and AQE of V2 showed an upward trend, and Ci showed a downward trend. At the heading stage, the Narea of the two varieties showed an upward trend, and the LCP showed a trend of rising first and then declining. In addition, with the increase of nitrogen application rate, the change trend of the yield and its constituent factors of the two varieties was the same. Both the 1 000-grain weight and seed setting rate showed a downward trend, and the harvest yield exhibited first increased and then decreased. Between the two varieties, the PNUE at booting stage, Pn and Narea and PNUE at heading stage, 1 000-grain weight and seed setting rate of V2 were significantly higher than those of V1, while spikelet number per panicle and harvest yield were opposite. Under the experimental conditions, the regression analysis results showed that the nitrogen application rate of the highest yield of Q you 6 was 188.13 kg/hm2 and the highest yield was 13 237.89 kg/hm2; the nitrogen application rate of the highest yield of Yixiangyou 2115 was 107.16 kg/hm2 and the highest yield was 10 027.35 kg/hm2. In short, under the experimental conditions, increasing nitrogen application rate in the range of 75~225 kg/hm2 nitrogen application rate could promote stomata opening and CO2 absorption of leaves to participate in photosynthesis, thus promoting the transformation of CO2 into stable carbohydrate in the substrate, improving photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency of leaves, so as to achieve high yield.

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Effects of Salt Stress on Elements Absorption and Stress Resistance of Japonica Rice Varieties Jie HUANG, Jing HUANG, Qingduo LIANG, Qianyu JIN, Lianfeng ZHU, Xiaochuang CAO, chunquan ZHU, Yali KONG, Junhua ZHANG 2021, 27(3): 37-40.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (618KB) ( )   The effects of different salt stress concentrations on the growth and stress resistance of four japonica rice varieties Jinyuan 85, Jinsui 26, Longgeng 27, Liaogeng 763 were studied, in order to provide a theoretical reference for the screening of suitable rice varieties in saline-alkali land. The results showed that salt stress significantly inhibited the growth of rice seedlings, and the growth of Jinsui 26 seedlings was the least affected by salt. Under salt stress, Jinyuan 85 ion had strong selective absorption, which is beneficial to improve its salt tolerance. The main damage of salt stress to rice was that salt stress destroys the membrane structure and further affects the normal function of cells. When the salt stress concentration was higher, the MDA content of the cells was Liaogeng 763>Longgeng 27>Jinyuan 85>Jinsui 26. There were also differences in catalase activity between salt tolerant rice and salt sensitive rice. Taken together, the order of salt tolerance was Jinsui 26> Jinyuan 85> Longgeng 27> Liaogeng 763.

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Effects of 60Co-γ Rays Radiation on Seed Vigor of Japonica Rice in Cold Region Baohai LIU, Qing LIU, Lixin FU, Mingquan WANG, Shoujun NIE, Shiwei GAO, Yuqiang LIU, Huilin CHANG, Cheng MA, Hongbin WANG, Yinghui XUE, Rui BAI 2021, 27(3): 41-46.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1320KB) ( )   In order to explore the effects of 60Co-γ ray radiation on seed vigor of japonica rice in the cold region, 3 doses （220 Gy, 250 Gy, 280 Gy）were used to irradiate 6 japonica rice varieties, to analyze the changes in seed vigor of different varieties. The results indicated that, under the dose of 0~280 Gy, the radiation could inhibit the seed germination rate, bud length and root vigor index; the germination potential is different due to different varieties; there were significant differences in the radiation sensitivity of seed vigor among the tested varieties. Seed bud length was most affected by the main effect of radiation dose, V3 bud length was the largest, and V4, V2 and V5 bud length was greatly affected by radiation inhibition; the second was the effect of radiation dose on root vitality index, V3 root vitality index was the largest, V4 and V5 root vitality index were most affected by radiation inhibition; the third was the effect of varieties on germination potential, the germination potential of V3 and V4 was greater, the germination potential of V6 was the smallest; the fourth was the effect of variety × dose interaction factors on germination potential, radiation had a significant inhibitory effect on the germination potential of V2 and V3, and a significant promotion effect on the germination potential of V1, V5 and V4. The germination rate, bud length and root vigor index of V6 were the smallest, which would be the result of the combination of the characteristics of the variety itself and radiation inhibition. The results of this study could provide a technical reference for future research on radiation mutation of rice breeding in cold regions.

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Study on the Effects of the Occurrence of Panicum bisulcatum Thunb. on Rice Growth and Sensitivity to Herbicides in Paddy Fields in Rice-wheat Rotation Area of Northern Zhejiang Weidong XU, Ju LI, Qiang LU 2021, 27(3): 47-50.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (532KB) ( )   The occurrence and distribution of Panicum bisulcatum Thunb. in paddy fields in the rice-wheat continuous cropping area of northern Zhejiang were investigated. In order to provide reference for effective control to P. bisulcatum, the germination characteristics of seed, it's effects on rice growth and the sensitivity of P. bisulcatum plants to different herbicides were tested. The results showed that the relative abundance of P. bisulcatum was 0 to 2.8% in direct seeding fields and was 0 to 3.6% in machine transplanting fields. P. bisulcatum seeds could not germinate without light. The seeds germination rate was more than 90% immersed in GA3 with 1000 mg/L、500 mg/L or in NaOH with 0.2%、0.1% concentration for 12 h under the condition of 36℃（light 12 h）/28℃（dark 12 h）. There were significant differences compared with immersing clean water under same condition, which indicated that P. bisulcatum seeds had dormancy characteristics. The higher density of P. bisulcatum, the more obvious inhibition rate for the rice plant height and yield. The rice plant was reduced by 4.17% and the yield was reduced by 61.42% compared to the CK while the density of the P. bisulcatum was 125 per square meter in paddy field. Small or large P. bisulcatum plants were sensitive to metamifop and propanil Butachlor, however only small P. bisulcatum were sensitive to penoxsulam.

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Climate Warming and Changes in Precipitation Distribution Lead to Early Maturity and Increased Yield of Rice in Panjin Meiling ZHANG, Li ZHOU, Guangsheng ZHOU 2021, 27(3): 51-57.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (898KB) ( )   Using the growth duration of rice and meteorological observation data in Panjin from 1980 to 2018, the methods of linear tendency estimation, cumulative anomaly, MK test and First order difference were used to analyze the climate characteristics, characteristics of growth duration of rice,the relationship between rice growth duration and climate factors, influence of Precipitation Distribution Index of growth duration on yield. The results showed that the average daily temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and accumulated temperature of the rice growing season in Panjin from 1980 to 2018 all showed an upward trend, and the precipitation and sunshine hours all showed a downward trend. From 1980 to 2018, the sowing, seeding and maturing of rice showed a postponed trend in Panjin, with postponed rates of 1.9 d/10 a, 1.8 d/10 a, 0.8 d/10 a respectively, and the tillering and heading of rice showed an advance trend, with advance rates of 2.1 d/10 a and 0.7 d/10 a, respectively. The whole growth duration of rice showed a shortening trend, and the shortening rate was 1.1 d / 10 a. The sowing-seeding and seeding-tillering showed a shortening trend, and the shortening rates were 0.1 d/10 a and 3.9 d/10 a. The tillering-heading and heading- maturing period is prolonged, and the extension rates are 1.4 d/10 a and 1.5 d/10 a, respectively. This indicates that the re is a tendency of early maturity in rice, which is mainly reflected in the shortened vegetative growth period and prolonged reproductive growth period, which is conducive to increasing yield of rice. The main reasons leading to early rice maturity and increased yield of rice are the rised temperature during the whole growth duration and sufficient water in the sowing-seeding and the reduced precipitation in the seeding- tillering in Panjin.

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Analysis on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of the Integration of Rice Production, Processing and Marketing of the Main Body of Large-scale Rice Operation——a Case Study of Jiande City, Zhejiang Province Yebo QIN, Qi WANG, Meihong SHAO, Yutao HUANG, Dongdong CAO, Chu CHENG, Yuejun WANG 2021, 27(3): 57-60.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (521KB) ( )   In recent years, with the increase of grain production cost, grain producer began to extend the industrial chain and develop the integrated management of production, processing and marketing, so as to increase the benefit of planting grain crops and stabilize grain production. Jiande City is located in the west of Zhejiang Province. Although the area of grain production is small, it has taken a number of measures to promote the application of new varieties, new technologies and new models. Through helping the second generation of grain producer, it has promoted the integrated development of grain production, processing and marketing, further improved the quality of rice, increased the benefit of planting grain crops, and stabilized the area of grain crops. It has been awarded the title of “National Advanced County for Grain Production” and “Advanced County for Grain Production in Zhejiang Province”. This paper analyzed the current situation of grain production and large-scale rice production in Jiande City, and proposed countermeasures and suggestions for the integrated development production, processing and marketing of the main body of large-scale rice operation.

Varieties & Technology

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Breeding and Application of TGMS Line Longke 638S with Blast-resistance, Good-quality and High Combining-ability in Middle-season Indica Rice Chenjian FU, Xiaochun HU, Xingxue FU, Peng QIN, Kai WANG, Chenzi LI, Tingfei WU, Shanshan LIU, Yuanzhu YANG 2021, 27(3): 61-67.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (722KB) ( )   Using the traditional pedigree method and marker assistance selection （MAS） technology, we successfully bred a TGMS rice line——Longke 638S, with ideal plant type, low sterile conversion temperature （< 23.5℃）, stable fertility, good outcrossing and high combining ability. In 2014, Longke 638S was approved by Hunan Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee. The whole-genome resequencing analysis showed that Longke 638S carried about 56.0% of the early-season indica and about 8.7% of the japonica genetic background, which laid a foundation for making full exploit of the double-heterosis of “early-season indica ecotype with late-season indica ecotype, indica with japonica subspecies”. Based on the theory of molecular design and heterosis groups, and the principle of “parental resistance genes complementation” and “parental quality genes uniformity”, a series of hybrid rice varieties from Longke 638S with disease resistance, high quality, wide adaptability and high yield were efficiently developed. This series of varieties quickly became the main hybrid rice varieties in southern China, and promoting the updating of middle-season indica hybrid varieties in the Yangtze River Basin.

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Application Effects of Self-propelled Rotary Tiller under Shrimp-rice Co-cultivation Mode Benfu WANG, Jinlan LI, Zhisheng ZHANG, Yang LI, Xiaolong YANG, Jianping CHENG 2021, 27(3): 67-69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (340KB) ( )   In order to solve the problems of deep soil silt layer and easy trapping machine in the paddy field under the shrimp-rice co-cultivation mode, a comparative test was carried out between the self-propelled rotary tiller and the wheeled tractor. The results showed that the operating efficiency of the crawler self-propelled rotary tiller is slightly lower than that of the wheeled tractor, but the soil crushing rate is increased by 4.9 percentage points, the ploughing depth is increased by 2.3 cm, and the body sinking depth is reduced by 11.1 cm. The flatness after operation is better than that of the wheeled tractor. In addition, there is no field trapping phenomenon in the crawler self-propelled tractor, which reduces the crushing of the field soil by the tillage machine and protects the soil structure of the tillage layer.

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Effects of New Acid-base Balance Agent on Soil Salinization and Yield of Rice with Drip Irrigation under Mulch Film Xiaofeng ZHANG, Xiaojuan WANG, Dong HUANG, Shijiang JIA, Fangjun BAO, Gaohua LI, Guanyun QIAN 2021, 27(3): 70-72.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (356KB) ( )   Increased soil salinization will lead to a decline in water and fertilizer use efficiency in paddy fields, which will have a greater impact on yield of rice with drip irrigation under mulch film. In response to this phenomenon, the changes of pH value and electrical conductivity of paddy soil after applying different dosages of new acid-base balance agent（7.5 kg/hm2, 15.0 kg/hm2, 22.5 kg/hm2）, and their effects on yield of rice with drip irrigation under mulch film were studied. The results showed that applying new acid-base balance agent could significantly reduce the soil pH value and electrical conductivity, and the improvement effect is best in the 20~30 cm soil layer; it significantly increased the effective panicles of rice with drip irrigation under mulch film to achieve the purpose of increasing yield. Comprehensive consideration of economic benefits, the application dosage of 15.0 kg/hm2 was appropriate.

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Study on the Green Prevention and Control Technology of Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds in Rice-Wheat Rotation Cropping System in Jianghuai Region Gang WEI, Wenge WU, Yongjin ZHOU, Zhaoyang ZHENG, Youzun XU, Lingcong KONG 2021, 27(3): 73-77.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (719KB) ( )   Jianghuai region is one of the main grain producing areas in China,which is rich in temperature, light and water resources. The region is located in the northern and southern climate transition zone, in which the types of diseases, insect pests and weeds are different. Therefore, it is very important to explore the green prevention and control technology of diseases, insect pests and weeds to ensure grain safety production. There are various crop planting patterns in the Jianghuai region, in which the rice-wheat rotation cropping system is the most important one. According to the occurrence regularity and damage characteristics of the main targets pests and weeds in rice-wheat rotation system, the agricultural ecological technology and comprehensive application technology of green inputs, pesticides and machinery were integrated to form the green prevention and control technology for diseases, insect pests and weeds. This technology has been successfully demonstrated and applied in Jianghuai region in recent years. The present study introduced this technology mode in detail in order to provide technical support for sustainable development of regional grain production.

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Research on Green Functional Rice Cultivation Technology in Cold Area of North China Baodong HUAI, Fengchao YAN, Youxin CAO, Wenzhi SUI, Xiaofeng ZHAO, Peiran LI, Zhifeng YE, Shichang LIU 2021, 27(3): 78-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (598KB) ( )   In order to solve the problems of weak single green control ability and poor application effect of model assembly in the cultivation of green rice in the cold area of north China. Using the demonstration and promotion methods of core area, radiation area and conventional area. The effects of different green cultivation modes on grain yield, quality and economic benefit were discussed. The results showed that, compared with the conventional planting area, the grain yields of the core area and radiation area were relatively low, and the difference between the conventional planting area and the core area reached a significant level; the content of functional elements magenesium, selenium and zinc in grain in the core area and the radiant area were significantly increased, and the quality of rice, especially the processing quality was improved; the economic benefits of the core area and the radiation area were significantly improved by 17 682 RMB/hm2 and 5 670 RMB/hm2 than the conventional planting area. The green cultivation mode is suitable for the promotion of rice in cold areas of north China.

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Risk Prediction of the Damage of High Temperature at Flowering Stage on Middle-season Hybrid Rice in Southeastern of Sichuan Basin Fuxian XU, Chi YUAN, Xuechun WANG, Dong HAN, Shuang LIAO, Zhiyong ZHANG, Kun CHEN, Shiqing ZENG, Rong XIE, Xingbing ZHOU, Zhengming ZENG, Lin ZHANG, Bo YANG, Peng JIANG 2021, 27(3): 83-88.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (642KB) ( )   Accurately predicting the probability of encountering extreme high temperature during flowering period of hybrid mid-season rice in different regions, which conducive to the formulate of high-yield and stable-yield production technology for local rice production. In 2018 and 2019, using 22 new mid-season hybrid rice varieties promoted in Sichuan province as materials, the ecological adaptability test of varieties was carried out in different ecological sites in southeast of Sichuan Basin, and the prediction method of the risk of natural high temperature damage to the hybrid mid-season rice during flowering period based on longitude, latitude and altitude was studied. The result showed that: （1） the sequence of the 5th day after full heading was negatively correlated with longitude while positively correlated with altitude, yet not significantly correlated with latitude. A regression model based on longitude （x1） and elevation（x3） was established to predict the sequence of rice on the 5th day after full heading, in which the F value was 13.25**~ 13.56**, and the coefficient of determination is 0.8688~0.8715.（2） The model was validated on several varieties at 6 ecological sites for two consecutive years. The determination coefficient of 1:1 regression model between measured value and predicted value was 0.8362~0.8641, and the RMSE between the measured value and the predicted value was 0.83%~1.18%. There is a good performance in consistency between the predicted value and the measured value.（3） Combining the relational model between full heading date and geographical position established in this study with the previous model based on geographical position （latitude: x2, elevation: x3） to predict the earliest occurrence of ≥35°C established by the author, etc., the research has studied the rate of damage by extreme high temperature in flowering stage of mid-season hybrid rice in different geographical locations. Information of geographical location is useful to achieve accurate prediction of the risk of extreme high temperature injury at flowering stage of mid-season hybrid rice, which has high applicability in production.

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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Amount and Planting Density on Growth and Yield Traits of Japonica Hybrid Rice Variety Liaoyou 5206 Guijin DAI, Guangxing YU, Xianping LIU, Ying CHEN, Diankai GONG, Yanrong WANG, Zhixu WANG 2021, 27(3): 89-93.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (754KB) ( )   The effects of nitrogen fertilizer amount and planting density on the growth and yield traits of japonica hybrid rice variety Liaoyou 5206 were studied by using a split zone design, providing a basis for high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of northern japonica rice. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer amount, the tiller number, dry matter weight at heading stage, SPAD value at jointing stage, plant height and panicle length of rice increased significantly, while the effective panicles, grains per panicle and yield increased but not significant. With the increase of planting density, the tiller number, dry matter weight and panicle number increased significantly; the SPAD value at filling stage, plant height, panicle length and grains per panicle decreased significantly; the SPAD value at heading stage, seed setting rate and output increased first and then decreased. There was no significant interaction effect between nitrogen fertilizer and planting density on most traits such as yield. The best combination of nitrogen fertilizer amount and planting density for high yield was 240 kg/hm2 to 167,000 clumps/hm2.

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The Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Indica-japonica Hybrid Rice Yongyou 1540 under Different Fertilizer Reduction Modes Feng WANG, Jianghua SHEN, Ruoxia CHEN, Jun SHI, Shaopeng REN, Shuquan JIN, Hongyan YAO 2021, 27(3): 93-97.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (698KB) ( )   In order to compare the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of Yongyou 1540 under different nitrogen reduction modes, a filed experiment was carried out in two sites representing different soil type in east Zhejiang single-season rice area in 2019. The results showed that compared with the artificial spreading fertilization treatment, the number of grains per panicle was significantly increased by the mechanized side-deep fertilizer treatment, and the average yield of rice increased by 3.0%~8.2%. Under the condition of reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 20% （192 kg/hm2）, the artificial spreading fertilization mode reduced grain yield of rice. However, the mechanized side-deep fertilizer mode could ensure grain yield and significantly increase N use efficiency. Its average yield reached 11.8 t/hm2, moreover, the N recovery efficiency （NRE）, N agronomy efficiency （NAE） and N partial factor productivity （NPFP） reached 36.9%, 15.0 kg/kg and 61.7 kg/kg, respectively. Therefore, the indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 1540 should be popularized and applied in the mechanized side-deep fertilizer mode with nitrogen fertilizer reduction in eastern Zhejiang, nitrogen could be used as basal and panicle fertilizer.

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Yield and Dry Matter Production Characteristics of Early Indica Rice in Taizhou of Zhejiang Jijie HU, Yuwei FANG, Xiaoshang CHEN, Shoukan LIU 2021, 27(3): 98-102.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (535KB) ( )   Correlation analysis was carried out between yield and yield components, as well as dry matter accumulation of 7 early-season rice varieties （lines）. The results showed that the yield of hybrid rice was 10.0% higher than conventional rice on average. The yield was significantly positively correlated with the total spikelet number and the effective panicle number, respectively, at 0.01 level and 0.05 level. However, it was negatively correlated with the number of grains per panicle, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight, and difference was not significant. The path analysis showed that the direct effects of total spikelet number, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight on yield were all positive, among which the total spikelet number contributed the most, the seed setting rate was second, and the 1 000-grain weight was the least. Analysis of dry matter productive force showed that the difference in dry matter accumulation between varieties is gradually decreasing as the growth period progresses. The dry matter accumulation of ‘Lingliangyou 106’ was the highest at full ripe stage, while ‘Jinzao 47’ was the lowest. The total dry matter yield and the average daily dry matter productivity of the whole growth period had obviously positive correlation with the total spikelet number and yield, and were significantly negatively correlated with the seed setting rate. The correlation between dry matter accumulation and yield before heading was higher than that after heading. In summary, the two-line hybrid early indica rice variety is the first choice for early rice production in Taizhou. In cultivation management, increasing the number of grains per unit area and the amount of dry matter accumulation could achieve higher yield.

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Comparison of Control Effects of Different Equipment on Rice Bacterial Blight and New Flight Control Technology of UAV Junjie YING, Yujuan YANG, Naidi ZHOU, Jiaqing XIANG, Yipeng WANG, Huifu WANG 2021, 27(3): 103-105.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (284KB) ( )   A test of the control effects of different equipments on rice bacterial blight was carried out with the variety Yongyou 12 as the material. The results showed that under the same agent and application rate （20% zinc thiazole SC, 125 mL/667 m2）, the anti-bacterial blight control effect of UAV reached 84.36%, which was significantly better than using stretcher sprayer or knapsack intelligent electric sprayer for spraying, and the safety was good. UAV has good application prospects in rice production. The article summarized the new technology of UAV flight prevention against bacterial blight.

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Prevention and Control Technology of Herbicide to Weeds of Water Direct Seeding Rice in Heilongjiang Province Juntao MA, Wenhua LI, Guomin ZHANG, Yongli WANG, Liyan ZHANG, Lingwei DENG, Hongru GAO, Minggang XIAO, Beiping ZHAO, Yang REN, Xiujie GONG 2021, 27(3): 105-110.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (698KB) ( )   The test of herbicide system control to weeds of water direct seeding rice was carried out in Heilongjiang province. The main results indicated as follow: among the 16 treatments, the treatment 5 （25% oxadiazon EC+25% oxadiargyl OD+10% pyrazosulfuron WP, 50% pretilachlor EC+33% metazosulfuron WG, 5% penoxsulam OD+30% cyhalofop-butyl OD） had the best control effects with 100% relative control effects on weed number and weed fresh weight, and the highest yield reaching 7.77 t/hm2. The control effects of treatment 6 （25% oxadiazon EC+25% oxadiargyl OD+10% pyrazosulfuron WP, 50% pretilachlor EC+33% metazosulfuron WG, 5% penoxsulam OD+48% bentazon AS） was the second, the relative control effects of weed number and weed fresh weight were 99.92% and 99.74%, respectively, and the rice yield was the second, reaching 7.65 t/hm2. In addition, judging from the results of first emergence rate, tiller dynamics, plant height, 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate, the differences between all treatments are small and there were no herbicide damage problem.

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Control and Yield Increase Effects of Mixed Application of 19% Propiconazole azoxystrobin SE with Biostimulant on Comprehensive Diseases at Late Stage in Rice Huifu WANG, Yongcai WANG, Shanhong YU 2021, 27(3): 111-113.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (261KB) ( )   Field test results showed that the combination of “propiconazole azoxystrobin + natural chelated boron calcium” has a better control effect on the comprehensive diseases in the late stage of rice and yield increase. After the continuous use of 19% propiconazole azoxystrobin SE 50 mL/667 m2 + natural chelated boron calcium 50 mL/667 m2 at the end of tillering and mid booting stage of rice, the control effects on rice blast and rice smut were as high as 95.1% and 97.8%. It was significantly better than the treatment of 75% oximeximab · tebuconazole WG 10 g/667 m2 and 32.5% benzoxystrobin SC 30 mL/667 m2, And the safety is good. The effect of health care and production increase is very obvious. It has a good application prospect in rice production.

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Planting Performance and High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Conventional Early Rice Variety Quanzhen12 in Southern Fujian Zhiming WANG 2021, 27(3): 113-115.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (383KB) ( )   Southern Fujian is an economically developed area in Fujian Province. Its main food crop is double-season rice. Quanzhen 10 and Jiafuzhan are the main conventional early rice varieties popularized in southern Fujian. Limited to market price and yield bottlenecks, early rice planting benefits are low. Nan'an Seed Management Station introduced a new high-quality conventional early rice variety Quanzhen 12 that conforms to local eating habits, economic value and relatively high yield, and carried out green cultivation experiments and high-yield cultivation experiments in Yingdu Town and Dock Town respectively. The high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques of this variety in Nan'an City were explored, and a set of targeted and practical high-yield cultivation techniques were summarized.

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Breeding and Utilization of Water-saving and Drought-resistance Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line Huhan 5A Xinqiao YU, Guolan LIU, Anning ZHANG, Zhongquan PAN, Xingxing LUO, Lijun LUO 2021, 27(3): 116-118.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (327KB) ( )   Huhan 5A is a water-saving and drought-resistance cytoplasmic male sterile line, developed from the continuing backcrossing between Huhan 1A and the selected excellent single plant in F4 generantion of Huhan1B crossed with chuanxiang 29B, and identified by Shanghai Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2013. Huhan 5A shows the drought resistance and grain quality as Huhan 1A, but significantly increase the stigma exsertion rate and outcrossing rate. Two new hybrid combination, Huyou 549 and Hanyou 540, were registered and released in Hubei and Shanghai respectively in 2019.