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20 January 2021, Volume 27 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Special Thesis & Basic Research
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Special Thesis & Basic Research

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Research and Development of Mechanized Rice Ratooning Technology in China Fei WANG, Jianliang HUANG, Shaobing PENG 2021, 27(1): 1-6.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (720KB) ( )   Ensuring food security and resource and environmental security are currently the two major challenges facing China’s crop production. The shortage of labor and climate change have further increased the severity of these challenges. Constructing mechanized and light-simplified new rice intensive cultivation technology and achieving the production goal of “high yield, high quality, high efficiency, ecology and safety” is the main direction of rice cultivation technology innovation in the transition period. As an ancient planting technique, the ratooning rice model has the advantages of saving labor, planting, high quality, and increasing yield and efficiency. The article introduced the advantages and development history of mechanized rice rationing technology; summarized research progresses in variety selection, fertilizer and water management, and suitable stubble height for mechanical harvest of main crop; and analyzed the constraints and solutions for further scaling up of mechanized rice ratooning technology in China.

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Analysis of Characteristics of Temporal and Spatial Variation of Rice Production in the World Defeng ZHU, Yaliang WANG 2021, 27(1): 7-8.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (195KB) ( )   The average annual growth rate of rice area, yield per unit area and total yield per unit area increased by 0.67%, 1.65% and 2.33%, respectively, according to the analysis of global rice production from 1961 to 2018. Rice is cultivated in the continents of Asia, Africa, America, Europe and Oceania. Among the rice planting areas in the world, Asia accounts for 87.9%, Africa accounts for 7.7%, America accounts for 4.0%, and Europe and Oceania account for less than 0.5%. Compared with the 1960S, the global rice planting area and the distribution of total rice production in the near 10 years have changed. The harvest area of rice in Africa has increased, and the harvest area of rice in Asia has decreased. Global rice yield growth factor analysis showed that 60% to 70% of the total yield growth was contributed from the increase of yield per unit area. The contribution factors of total rice production growth varied greatly among different continents.

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Evaluation of Rice Blast Resistance in Perennial Rice Yifei HE, Shiwen QIN, Shilai ZHANG, Guangfu HUANG, Jing ZHANG, Qinzhong YANG, Fengyi HU 2021, 27(1): 9-13.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (452KB) ( )   Perennial rice has been developed successful by utilizing the rhizome trait of the wild rice species, Oryza longistaminata and demonstrated widely, exhibiting broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast. To understand the reason of resistance to blast of perennial rice, disease investigation in famer's field, inoculation identification and molecular detection of rice blast resistant genes were carried out among nine accessions including five perennial rice varieties （lines） as Perennial Rice 23（PR23）, Yunda24 （PR24）, Yunda25 （PR25）, Yunda101 （PR101）, Yunda107 （PR107）, male parent O. longistaminata, female parent RD23, F1（RD23/O. longistaminata） and Lijiangxintuanheigu（LTH）. The results showed that all the five perennial rice varieties（lines）, their male parent O. longistaminata and the original F1（RD23/O. longistaminata） had high resistance to rice blast, while their female parent RD23 showed high susceptibility, which indicated that the rice blast resistance gene of these five perennial rice lines may originated from O. longistaminata. The resistance of PR23 and PR25 might owing to the Pi5 gene and Pita-2 locus from O. longistaminata, and the resistance of PR24 might due to the pita-2 locus from O. longistaminata, while that of PR107 might inherited from O. longistaminata with the Pi5 gene and Pish locus. However, none of the known rice blast resistance genes or loci mentioned in this study were harbored by PR101, speculated that the unknown genes from O. longistaminata inherited by PR101 archived its blast resistance. The results of this study provided a basis and strategy for blast disease resistance breeding, perennial rice varieties distribution and plant protection technology decision in future.

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Comparative Analysis of Grain Physicochemical Properties and Starch Fine Structure between Indica Rice Cultivars Huanghuazhan and Yangdao 6 with Good Quality Fei CHEN, Changquan ZHANG, Shaochuan ZHOU, Aihong LI, Qiaoquan LIU 2021, 27(1): 14-19.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (866KB) ( )   With the high-quality indica rice varieties Huanghuazhan（HHZ） and Yangdao 6（9311） carrying the same Wxb allele as experimental materials, the grain physicochemical properties and starch fine structures of the two varieties were systematically analyzed. The results showed that the protein content of HHZ rice was significantly lower than 9311 rice, and the apparent amylose content was higher than that of 9311. There was no significant difference in other physicochemical properties between the two varieties such as gel consistency, total starch content and alkalinity. The thermal profiles of rice flours were analyzed and rice flours from HHZ exhibited higher gelatinization temperature and gelatinization enthalpy compared with 9311. The pasting properties from RVA analysis showed that both of HHZ and 9311 showed similar RVA curves, however, HHZ rice showed higher breakdown and lower setback than 9311 rice. The morphology of starch granule was observed by using scanning electron microscopy and there were no significant differences between the two varieties. Besides, the starch fine structure were investigated, and we found that HHZ grain starch contained reduced amylopectin short chains and increased longer amylopectin chains. Then the crystalline structure analysis showed that starch from HHZ presented higher level of long-range order structure than that of 9311 while both showed similar short-range order structure. The present data provides useful information for grain improvement in indica rice and also the further application of HHZ and 9311 in rice production.

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Effects of Biochar and Nitrogen Incorporation on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Double Rice-cropping System Yong WANG, Rujie LÜ, Xing LI, Shuixiu HU, Qingyin SHANG 2021, 27(1): 20-26.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (815KB) ( )   To investigate the effects of nitrogen （N） and biochar amendment on greenhouse gas emissions in double rice-cropping system. Five treatments were conducted: N0B0, no N fertilization without biochar amendment; N0B2, no N fertilization with 40 t/hm2 biochar; N1B0, N fertilization without biochar amendment; N1B1, N fertilization with 20 t/hm2 biochar; N1B2, N fertilization with 40 t/hm2 biochar. Methane （CH4） and nitrous oxide （N2O） emissions were measured using the static chamber-gas chromatography method during rice-growing seasons, and analyzed the effects of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer amendment on CH4 and N2O emissions, global warming potential, annual yield and greenhouse gas intensity. The results indicated that biochar amendment significantly decreased CH4 emission in treatments with or without N fertilizer. Compared with N1B0 treatment, CH4 emissions of N1B1 and N1B2 treatments were decreased by 32.43% and 41.1%, respectively. Biochar amendment significantly increased the cumulative N2O emissions under nitrogen application. Compared with N1B0 treatment, the cumulative emissions of N1B1 and N1B2 treatments were significantly increased by 109.93% and 106.54%, respectively. The global warming potential of each treatment can be ordered as: N1B0> N0B0> N0B2> N1B1> N1B2. After the late rice harvested, the soil pH value, total carbon and C/N showed an increasing trend with the increase of biochar application, and N1B2 treatment increased significantly compared to N1B0. In summary, compared with single application of nitrogen fertilizer and single application of biochar, combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer is more conducive to carbon sequestration and emission reduction in the double-season paddy field in southern China. N1B2 treatment has the best effect among all the treatments. The study provided some references for mitigating greenhouse effect by incorporating biochar into paddy fields.

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Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates on Dry Matter Transport Characteristics and Quality of Rice in Coastal Saline Alkali Land Hongyan HOU, Xiaoliang DONG, Hong ZHOU, Maolin ZHANG, Lixing WEI, Defeng ZHU 2021, 27(1): 27-31.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (509KB) ( )   In order to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates on dry matter accumulation, translocation, yield and quality of rice in coastal saline alkali land, a field experiment was carried out under the condition of 3‰~6‰ salt content, using Shengdao 2620 as material. The results showed that, with the increase of nitrogen application rate, the proportion of reproductive growth period in the whole growth period of rice increased from 23.67% （N0, no nitrogen fertilizer） to 25.00% （N5, nitrogen application rate is 40 kg/667 m2）, the proportion of vegetative growth period in the whole growth period of rice decreased from 76.33%（N0） to 75.00% （N5）, the whole growth period of rice decreased from 180 days （N5） to 169 days（N0）. The peak period of dry matter accumulation was from 25 days after the green returning period to 20 days after heading. The overall dry matter accumulation rate was N5 > N4（nitrogen application is 32 kg/667 m2）> N3（nitrogen application is 24 kg/667 m2）> N2（nitrogen application is 16 kg/667 m2）> N1（nitrogen application is 8 kg/667 m2）> N0. The dry matter output rate and conversion rate of stem sheath and leaf were increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, but reduce nitrogen application rate by 20% did not affect dry matter output and transformation. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the chalky rice rate was significantly decreased, head rice rate and appearance quality were significantly increased. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the eating quality of rice decreased significantly, the eating value decreased from 72 （N0） to 67 （N5）. However, the yield was increased significantly, from 388.34 kg/667 m2 （N0） to 525.89 kg/667 m2（N4）. The yield of N4 treatment （nitrogen fertilizer） reduced by 20% was 4.39% higher than that of total nitrogen fertilizer N5 treatment.

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Nutrients Return Characteristics of Winter Rotation Crops and the Effects on Grain Yield and Main Parameters of Surface Water Environment during the Successive Rice Growing Season Jie HANG, Min XIAO, Haiyan YUAN, Xiaoyan HAO, You WU, Haitao LI, Zhi GUO 2021, 27(1): 32-37.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (734KB) ( )   A field experiment was conducted to study the nutrients （nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium） return characteristics of winter rotation crops and their effects on grain yield and main parameters of surface water environment during the successive rice growing season. The results showed that the yield and nutrients content of winter rotation crops were different significantly, which led to significant difference in the amount of nutrients returned to the paddy field under different winter crop-paddy rice rotation patterns. Under “Chinese milk vetch-paddy rice” rotation pattern, the amount of nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） were the highest. In the short term, the effects of winter crop rotation on the plant height, yield and fertilizer utilization of the subsequent rice were not significant. However, from the view of environmental effect, no matter what winter crop-paddy rice rotation patterns, during the rice growing season, the negative environmental impact of surface paddy water should be fully considered during the period from base fertilizer to tiller fertilizer. The monitoring results showed that the average contents of total phosphorus （TP） and dissolved phosphorus （DP） in the surface water of paddy rice field were almost higher than the critical level of water eutrophication （dissolved DP 0.05 mg/L; TP 0.1 mg/L）. Furthermore, from the perspective of annual economic benefits, higher income could be achieved under the green feeding winter wheat-rice rotation pattern and broad bean-rice rotation pattern, which might be further promoted and applied in the agricultural production of Taihu Basin, China.

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Relationship Between Eating Quality and Other Quality Traits of Indica Rice with Different Amylose Content Zhidong WANG, Shaochuan ZHOU, Chongrong WANG, Yibo CHEN, Hong LI, Daoqiang HUANG, Degui ZHOU, Rong GONG, Lei ZHAO, Yukun WU, Yangyang PAN, Yiqiang YANG 2021, 27(1): 38-44.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (754KB) ( )   Twelve soft rice with medium amylose content and eight hard rice with high amylose content were used to study the relationship between eating quality and other quality traits. The results showed that the taste of soft rice with low amylose content was better than that of hard rice with high amylose content; the taste value of hard rice was significantly negative correlated with the head rice rate and positive correlated with grain length and grain type, while the taste value of soft rice was not significantly correlated with appearance quality and processing quality; the taste value of hard rice and soft rice was significantly positive correlated with gel consistency, and significantly negative correlated with protein content. There was no significant correlation between the taste value of hard rice and RVA spectrum, but there was a significant positive correlation between the taste value of soft rice and the disintegration value and the highest viscosity value, and a significant negative correlation between the taste value of soft rice and the reduction value. In order to evaluate the eating quality of different types of rice more accurately, we should classify the rice according to different amylose content, and then select the corresponding eating quality index to measure.

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Estimation of the Flag Leaf SPAD Value in Different Late Indica Rice Varieties Based on Hyperspectral Data Rongcai TIAN, Zhiqiang GAO, Kun ZHOU 2021, 27(1): 45-50.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (698KB) ( )   In this study, the SPAD values and reflectance spectra of flag leaves of different late indica rice varieties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river were measured. The estimation models of SPAD values of flag leaves in different late indica rice varieties was established by analyzing the correlation between the original spectral reflectance and its transformed data and SPAD values. And the average deviation rate was used to verify the model accuracy. The results showed that the sensitive band of SPAD value and the original spectral reflectance of rice leaves was between 710 nm and 720 nm, and the sensitive band of the first derivative spectrum was approximately 690 nm to 700 nm. Among all spectral parameters, the red edge value （Dr） had the best correlation, with the correlation coefficient of 0.6~0.8; the exponential model and quadratic curve model have better estimation effect in the selection of regression model; the index model y=85.512e-2.392x based on the original spectral reflectance at 715 nm had the best estimation effect, and the average deviation rate for inter-species verification was the lowest（5.01%）. The results showed that the model established with the spectral parameters of the leaves of single late indica rice variety had certain applicability among different varieties.

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Study on Lodging Resistance and Drought Resistance of Main Rice Varieties （Lines) under Water Saving Cultivation in Heilongjiang Province Shuqiang CHEN, Jingfang XUE, Xiaodong DU, Tong ZHOU, Limin YANG, Haixin ZHAO, Yongsheng CAI 2021, 27(1): 51-58.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (589KB) ( )   Lodging is an important factor that seriously affects rice yield and quality. Through the changes of traits closely related to rice lodging resistance under conventional irrigation and water-saving and drought-resistant cultivation modes, the lodging resistance of main rice varieties （lines) in various accumulative temperature zones in Heilongjiang province were studied. The results showed that the water-saving and drought-resistant treatment reduced the lodging index of some varieties （lines), increased the flexural resistance of the two-section sheath, increased the inter-node dry weight, reduced the inter-section cross-sectional area, and thickened the stem wall. The first accumulated temperate zone varieties Longdao 16 and Longdao 24, the second accumulative temperature varieties Suigeng 4, Suigeng 17, Suigeng 18, Beidao 7, Suigeng 089290, the third accumulative temperature zone varieties Suigeng 15, Longgeng 56, Longgeng 51, Longgeng 58, Longgeng 20, Longjiao 08119, Longfeng 12500, Longgeng 3100 and Longgeng 1424, the fourth accumulated temperate zone varieties Longgeng 24, Longgeng 1525, Longjiao 13S6, the fifth accumulated temperature zone variety Longgeng 4344 have high lodging resistance, comprehensive drought resistance index and relative high measured yield. Through investigation and research, we can understand the lodging resistance of the main varieties （lines) in each accumulative temperate zone, which laid a foundation for the research and utilization of rice water-saving and drought-resistant cultivation and lodging resistance germplasm in Heilongjiang province.

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Discussion on the Spiritual Essence and Time Value of Chinese Rice Culture Qianlin PANG, Hai LIN, Zhigang WANG 2021, 27(1): 59-61.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (445KB) ( )   The paper discussed the composition, spiritual essence and time value of China rice culture, the content of rice culture involves the rice origin, planting, processing, circulation, consumption, technology, etc., the performance including historical story, idiom and allusion, poetry and painting, and knowledge and beliefs. Rice culture has unique values and concepts. This article puts forward that the spiritual essence of Chinese rice culture is “intensive cultivation, feelings to family and national, miserable consciousness, harmony to people”. Chinese rice culture fully embodies China's national spirit of self-improvement and the spirit of reform and innovation, and is a typical representative of the Chinese spirit. It has profound practical significance and far-reaching historical significance in revitalizing the countryside, enhancing national self-confidence and national cohesion, building a happy family and an exquisite society, raising civic awareness, and building a community with a shared future in the world.

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Analysis on Farmers' Choice Behavior of Multiple Cropping System in Main Rice Producing Areas of Jiangxi Province——Based on the Survey of Farmers in Wannian County of Shangrao City Haiying TANG, Qin ZHENG, Ying LIU, Qiaoying MA, Xiaogui LIANG, Guoqin HUANG 2021, 27(1): 62-67.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (709KB) ( )   Jiangxi is the dominant double cropping rice producing area in China, which plays an important role in ensuring national food security. Taking Wannian County of Jiangxi Province, the birthplace of rice culture in the world and the hometown of ancient tribute rice, as an example, this paper systematically analyzed the situation of rice production and planting structure and the reasons behind the farmers' choice of rice cropping system from the aspects of planting mode and farmers' selection factors. The results showed that, similar to the feature of positive and inverted “W” of rice planting area in Jiangxi Province in recent 40 years, the feature of double cropping rice in Wannian County decreased first, then increased and then decreased, while that of single cropping rice showed a trend of continuous increase. The choice of cropping system is greatly affected by the characteristics of land and geographical location. The double cropping rice area in the suburbs and lakeside plain areas is dominant, while the single cropping rice planting area in hilly areas is further expanded. Economic benefits and policy factors are the main reasons for farmers' choice for rice planting mode, while green manure planting mainly depends on the guidance of government policies. Labor status and agriculture technology are also the two major factors influencing farmers' choice. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the development and utilization of winter fallow fields, restore the production of green manure, improve the multiple cropping index, and strive to achieve the combination of land use and maintenance to keep soil fertility. In order to construct the green development structure system of rice production, we should adjust the crop structure, optimize the planting mode, guide the farmers to choose the appropriate planting mode according to the principle of “green and coordinated development”, and carry out the reasonable configuration of the multiple cropping system.

Varieties & Technology

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Effects of Silicon Fertilizer Applied at Different Stages on Grain Yield and Quality of Japonica Rice with Good Eating Quality Guoying YANG, Zhi GUO, Jing SHENG, Guodong WANG, Xin WANG, Liugen CHEN 2021, 27(1): 68-74.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (780KB) ( )   The aims of this study were to identify the effects of silicon fertilizer applied at different stages on yield and quality of rice, and to provide theoretical basis and technical support for rational application of silicon fertilizer on japonica rice cultivar with good eating quality. The field experiment was conducted using good eating quality japonica rice Nangeng 9108 as material. Eight silicon fertilizer treatments were set up: seed soaking with silicon （T1）, T1 plus 15 kg/hm2 silicon fertilizer applied by foliar spray at seedling stage （T2）, T1 plus 15 kg/hm2 silicon fertilizer applied by foliar spray at jointing stage （T3）, T1 plus 15 kg/hm2 silicon fertilizer applied by foliar spray at heading stage （T4）, T1 plus 15 kg/hm2 silicon fertilizer applied by foliar spray at three stages （20% at seedling stage, 30% at jointing stage and 50% at heading stage）（T5）, T1 plus 45 kg/hm2 silicon fertilizer applied by foliar spray at three stages （1/3 at seedling stage, 1/3 at jointing stage and 1/3 at heading stage） （T6）. No fertilization （CK1） and conventional fertilization （CK2） were used as the control. The results showed that T6 treatment has the highest yield, followed by T5, T4, T3 treatment. The grain yield of T1 and T2 treatments increased slightly compared to CK2. The panicles number, spikelet number per panicle, 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate of the silicon fertilizer treatments were improved to different degrees than no silicon fertilizer treatments. The effects of silicon fertilizer on yield components was in order of spikelet number per panicle > panicle number > 1000-grain weight > seed setting rate. Under different silicon fertilizer treatments, the effects of T3, T5, T6 treatments on spikelet number per panicle and panicle number were larger than those of T1, T2 and T4 treatments. Compared with CK2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 treatments increased sink potential, source strength and source-sink ratio, and increased the brown rice percentage, milled rice percentage and head rice percentage. Meanwhile, the chalky rice rate, chalkiness degree and protein content were also decreased. Compared with CK2, T6 treatment significantly increased peak viscosity, hot viscosity, break down and cool viscosity, while these indexes were insignificantly affected by other treatments. The principal component analysis results showed that the effects of different silicon fertilizer treatments on rice yield and quality were in order of T6 > T5 > T4 > T3 > T2 > T1. Considering the silicon fertilizer input, yield and quality of rice, recommended silicon fertilizer application method for high-quality japonica rice was seed soaking with silicon plus spraying silicon fertilizer 15 kg/hm2 at three stages （20% at seedling stage, 30% at jointing stage and 50% at heading stage）.

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Screening of Rice Varieties with Low Accumulated Cd under Different Levels of Cd Stress Ping WANG, Muxinjian LUO, Jing LIU, Maoyuan TIAN, Guanqun CHAI, Song QIN 2021, 27(1): 75-79.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (588KB) ( )   The absorption and accumulation of Cd in 10 rice varieties were studied by pot experiments under different levels of Cd stress. The results showed that rice has a strong ability of absorbing and accumulating Cd, but there were significant differences in the absorption level in different rice varieties. The difference in Cd content of different rice varieties under the same conditions is as high as 7.36 mg/kg. By measuring the relative content（SPAD）of chlorophyll, it was found that with the increase of the content of exogenous Cd, the SPAD value of rice showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. It indicated the low content of Cd promote the growth of rice, while high content of Cd inhibit its growth. A low-accumulation Cd rice variety, F You 498, was selected by cluster analysis. Its Cd content in grain was only 0.15 mg/kg（without adding exogenous Cd）, which was lower than the limit value stipulated by the national food safety standards（0.20 mg/kg）. Correlation study found that rice had a good absorption effect of Cd in soil generally, and rice will accumulate lots of Cd with the increase of Cd content in soil. Therefore the selected low Cd accumulation rice variety were only suitable for planting in non-pollution or lightly Cd pollution areas.

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Analysis on Yield Components and Economic Efficiency of Ratoon Rice under Simplified Cultivation in Southeast Sichuan Province Peng JIANG, Hong ZHOU, Fuxian XU, Hong XIONG, Lin ZHANG, Yongchuan ZHU, Xingbing ZHOU, Xiaoyi GUO, Mao LIU 2021, 27(1): 80-84.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (519KB) ( )   In order to clarify the effects of simplified cultivations （conventional tillage and transplanting, CTTP;conventional tillage and direct seeding, CTDS; no-tillage and transplanting, NTTP）on yield components and economic efficiency in rice-ratoon rice system, a field experiment with two cultivars（Huanghuazhan and Jinnongsimiao） was conducted in Luzhou in 2017. The characteristics of biomass production, yield and yield components and economic efficiency of first season rice and ratoon rice were analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in grain yield of first season rice among three cultivation methods. The grain yield of first season rice under CTDS was 3.5% higher than CTTP. The grain yield of first season rice under NTTP was equivalent to CTTP. The trend of the ratoon rice yield was CTTP>NTTP>CTDS, but the difference were not significant. Compared with CTTP, the first season rice under CTDS was characterized by more panicles per unit area but less spikelets per panicle, higher dry matter weight but lower harvest index at maturity; the ratoon rice under CTDS was characterized by more panicles per unit area but less spikelets per panicle and lower seed setting rate. The difference in effective panicles, spikelets per panicle, seed setting rate, thousand grain weight, dry matter weight and harvest index were relatively small between NTTP and CTTP. There were no significantly difference in output value among different cultivation methods, but the difference of economic benefits were large. Compared with CTTP, the economic benefits of CTDS and NTTP were increased by 0.4% and 6.2%, respectively. In conclusion, increasing panicles per unit area and thousand grain weight may be the feasible approach to achieve high yield for first season rice, and improving panicles per unit area, seed setting rate and thousand grain weight may be the feasible approach to achieve high yield for ratoon rice. Simplified cultivation technique has the advantages of saving cost, saving labor and high economic benefit, and has great development prospects in southeast Sichuan.

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Effects of Slow（Controlled） Release Fertilizers on Production and Economic Efficiency of Double Cropping Rice Qi JIANG, Shaojie CHEN, Fei WANG, Fangjin QIN, Guojun YU, Dongdong WANG 2021, 27(1): 85-88.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (411KB) ( )   In order to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and improve the economic benefits of rice, the slow（controlled） release fertilizers were applied on rice production to evaluate the effects on yield, nitrogen use efficiency and economic efficiency of double cropping rice. The results showed that, in early season rice, compared with the conventional fertilization treatment（C1）, the yield of controlled release fertilizer treatment（C5） increased by 4.49%, while the yield of lignin slow release fertilizer treatments （C3, C4） and slow release formulated fertilization treatment（C2） decreased by 0.60%~6.05%. In late season rice, compared with C1, the yields of C2, C3, C4 and C5 increased by 1.01%~3.59%. The nitrogen agronomic efficiency（NAE） of C3﹑C4 and C5 treatment were higher than that of C1 treatment. Compared with C1 treatment, the economic benefit of C5 treatment increased by 2.01% under the nitrogen fertilizer application reduced by 9.82%, while the economic benefits of C3 and C4 treatment were merely decreased by 0.67% and 1.07% under the nitrogen fertilizer application reduced by 19.44% and 21.44%, respectively. Comprehensive consideration of grain yield, fertilizer utilization efficiency and economic benefits, controlled release fertilizer and lignin fertilizer could still obtain higher grain yields and NAE while reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and achieve better ecological benefits without reducing economic benefits, which has good prospect of promotion and application.

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Effect of Different Amounts of N, P, K and Plant Density on Yield and Yield Traits of Good-quality Hybrid Japonica Rice Gengyou 653 Cheng ZHANG, Xue ZHANG, Yajun CHEN, Fen DING, Yu'an SU, Chunkai LI, Yanrong WANG, Yuedong LI 2021, 27(1): 89-94.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (650KB) ( )   Hybrid japonica rice Gengyou 653 was suitable for high-quality rice production in mid-early maturing rice area of Liaoning Province as its excellent eating quality. In the experiment, the effects of hill space and fertilizer amount on yield traits of Gengyou 653 were investigated. The results showed that the amount of nitrogen should be appropriate, the hill space should be longer, the amount of phosphorus should be lower and the amount of potassium should be higher for plant population control and lodging resistance. High-yield could be achieved by increasing the setting ratio, the filled grains per panicle and the 1000-grain weight. The high yield target of Gengyou 653 was 9 750 kg/hm2. The suitable hill space was 17.23~18.14 cm, the amount of nitrogen was 109.62~117.48 kg/hm2, phosphorus was 30.29~32.74 kg/hm2, potassium was 162.94~172.92 kg/hm2.

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Marker-Assisted Selection for Hybrid Rice Restorer Line R153 Conferring Resistance to Blast Yujun ZHU, Derun HUANG, Yeyang FAN, Jieyun ZHUANG, Bo SHEN 2021, 27(1): 95-97.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (393KB) ( )   The rice blast is one of the most serious diseases in rice production. Breeding for disease resistant varieties is the most effective and efficient method to reduce the disease damage. In this study, one rice candidate restorer line, R153, harboring the rice blast resistance gene Pi25 was selected through the approach of molecular marker-assisted selection using segregating population derived from cross between the Hui11-32 and BL108 （the donor of the blast resistance gene Pi25）. Tightly linked DNA marker Si13070C and functional marker CAP3/BglⅡ were used. The blast resistance identification was conducted in a rice blast disease hotspot location, Shanghang County, Fujian Province, China. R153 showed a good resistance to rice blast in the evaluation and provided a new resource for rice breeding.

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Adaptability Screening of High-quality Rice Varieties in Jianghan Plain Song WANG, Yi WANG, Zhenhua WU, Shengyong WANG, Qinzhen HU, Yuan GAO, Qilin MU, Xiaohai TIAN 2021, 27(1): 98-103.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (524KB) ( )   Lack of high-performance varieties is the bottleneck problem of high-quality rice production in Hubei Province. In this study, 26 high-quality rice varieties newly collected nationwide were used as experimental materials. Under field conditions, the method of staged sowing was used to evaluate the performance of each variety from the four aspects of yield, key quality indicators, taste and stress resistance to select high-quality rice varieties with good adaptability in the region. The results showed that there were 14 varieties had excellent overall performance, and the key quality indicators reached National Standard Level 1, and the taste score was above 85. The average yield of the tested varieties is 519.7 kg/667 m2. Some varieties performed well in stress resistance, but the varieties that accounted for about 50% of the total showed poor lodging resistance and quality under high temperature conditions, and some varieties had weak tolerance to major diseases. It can be seen that our country has bred a number of high-quality rice varieties with good adaptability in the Jianghan Plain, and it is expected to achieve the goal of “double-excellence” of quality and yield by adopting supporting cultivation techniques.

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Analysis on Main Characters of Rice Varieties Approved by Anhui Province in 2008—2019 Xiaochun MA, Zhonggui ZHANG, Ling FAN, Junjiang ZHANG, Qianbao GAO 2021, 27(1): 104-108.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (451KB) ( )   The growth period, yield, resistance, quality and other traits of rice varieties approved by Anhui province from 2008 to 2019 were analyzed. The results showed that, from 2008 to 2019, a total of 314 rice varieties were approved by Anhui province, among them, there are 257 indica rice, accounting for 81.8%, and 57 japonica rice, accounting for 18.2%. The seed industry enterprise is the main body of the breeding unit, and the proportion of the varieties participating in the breeding is as high as 75.2%. Except for the middle japonica rice varieties, the growth period of the approved varieties is generally prolonged, and the performance of the late indica and late japonica rice is more obvious. The yield level shows an upward trend, and the increase of late japonica rice is more significant. The performance of resistance to rice blast is generally ideal. Most varieties are at the level of “medium sensitivity” to “medium resistance”, but the proportion of varieties above “resistance” level is only 3.8%; the performance of resistance to rice false smut is also ideal, most varieties are at the level of “sensitivity” to “medium resistance”, and the varieties above “resistance” account for 38.7%. 83.1% of the approved varieties reached the level 3 or above of the ministerial standard, but only 36.3% of them reached the level 2 or above of the ministerial standard. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out rice breeding around “stronger resistance and better rice quality” in Anhui province.

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Breeding and Cultivation Techniques of Xiangxuedao 515 Feng XU, Xuetang SONG, Lu CHEN, Yufeng XU, Rongwen TU, Zhaocheng ZHANG 2021, 27(1): 109-110.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (279KB) ( )   Xiangxuedao 515 was bred by Jiangsu（Wujin） Rice Research Institute using Xiangxuenuo 335 with high microelements as its parent, using biological technology to transfer the rice blast resistance gene, and crossed with the high-yield intermediate line 605. Compared with Xiangxuenuo 335, Xiangxuedao 515 has improved yield and lodging resistance. While keeping the high microelements unchanged, it appropriately reduces the amylose content and improves the palatability of rice.

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Breeding and Characteristics of New Japonica Rice Variety Jingeng 698 with High Yield and Good Quality Linjing SUN, Yue SUN, Hui TONG, Yanqing LIU, Shengjun WANG, Xuejun LIU, Jingping SU 2021, 27(1): 111-113.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (300KB) ( )   Jingeng 698, a new conventional japonica rice variety with high yield and good quality, was bred by Tianjin Rice Research Institute. It has the characteristics of ideal plant type, good stable yield, early maturity and excellent comprehensive resistance. The main indicators of grain quality: the whole rice rate is 67.1%, the chalky grain rate is 22%, the chalkiness degree is 4.9%, the amylose content is 16.2%, the gel consistency is 63 mm, and it reaches the third level of the national standard “High Quality Rice”. It was registered by National Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2017, and allowed to plant in south Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui Province. The article introduces the parent source and breeding process, characteristics, yield performance and key points of cultivation techniques of Jingeng 698.

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Present Situation and Countermeasures of High Quality Rice Industrialization Development in Nantong City Shifeng LI, Haijian REN, Jian LU, Rongrong LIU 2021, 27(1): 114-117.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (595KB) ( )   The rice industry consists of rice production, processing, logistics, trade and other links, and it is a civilian production industry that guarantees the safety and health of the national population. In the new era, rice production should adapt to the change of consumers from “ eating satisfaction” to “eating well”, and it should adapt to the demand of supply-side reform and consumption structure upgrading, and produce high-quality rice for the consumer market. As a leading agricultural industry in Nantong, the rice industry is of great significance to promoting economic and social development, promoting sustainable agricultural growth and increasing farmers' income. This paper analyzed the basis, advantages and weak links of Nantong rice industrialization development, and put forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the development of high-quality rice industry, in order to build a high-quality development, green development of high-quality rice industry system, fundamentally guarantee the food security and the growing consumption needs of the people.