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    20 September 2020, Volume 26 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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    Development Status and Rethinking of the Integrated Rice-fish System in China
    2020, 26(5): 1-10.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.001
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1390KB) ( )  
    Raising fish in paddy field has a long history in China. Based on traditional rice-fish coculture, modern integrated rice culture with fish culture develops quickly in the recent decades. Diverse models, such as rice-carp, rice-crab, rice-crayfish, rice-turtle, rice-loach, rice-snail and others, are practiced widely in rice-growing areas. New technologies for integrated rice-fish culture are gradually developed. The integrated rice-fish culture shows great effects in helping stable rice production, increasing rural income and decreasing the use of agrochemicals. Integrated rice-fish culture becomes one of the major approaches to develop green and high-quality agriculture system. The future study on integrated rice-fish culture development will focus on how the rice yield, soil fertility and environmental quality could be maintained in the integrated rice-fish systems for a long run. More detailed regional planning and a new agricultural service and technological system for integrated rice-fish culture should be developed.
    Introduction to the One-time Fertilization Technology for Mechanized Transplanting Rice: Side Deep Application of Controlled-release Blend Fertilizer
    2020, 26(5): 11-15.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.002
    Abstract ( )   PDF (842KB) ( )  
    Aiming at the problems of over-application of chemical nitrogen fertilizers, higher labour/time costs for split applications of urea-N, and serious loss of nitrogen fertilizer in paddy fields, which are highlighted by machine-transplanted rice, based on the fertilizer-demanding disciplinarian of the high-yield rice and the principle of rice precise and quantitative cultivation technology theory, we scientifically formulate slow and controlled release fertilizers with different release rates, so that the nutrient release rules of the blended fertilizers are synchronized with the two peaks of high-yield and high-quality rice fertilizer absorption, and innovated the “controlled release blended fertilizer” that satisfied the requirement of high-yield and high- quality rice throughout the whole growth period of rice and at the same time, we combined controlled release blended fertilizer and deep and mechanical side-dressing fertilization technology to construct the “single fertilization technology of controlled release blended fertilizer for machine-transplanted rice” to achieve the effect of “fertilize once, fertilize for life” for machine-transplanted rice. The results of many years of multi-ecological sites demonstration show that this technology reduces the nitrogen rate of machine-transplanted rice by about 20%, increases the yield by more than 6%, saves 3~4 times of fertilization, and increases the taste value of rice by more than 5%, and can effectively reduce ammonia volatilization and nitrogen runoff loss, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate reaches 55%~60% of the world's advanced level. It is an economical, environmentally friendly, efficient and feasible advanced practical technology, suitable for extensive use in rice production areas with machine-transplanted conditions.
    Research and Prospect of Laser Leveling Technology in Rice Field
    2020, 26(5): 16-18.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.003
    Abstract ( )   PDF (446KB) ( )  
    Laser leveling technology is an advanced farmland leveling technology, which can meet the requirements of rice planting for paddy field flatness. According to the needs of paddy preparation and dryland preparation, the thesis introduced two types of laser graders, namely dryland field leveler and paddy field leveler, and analyzed the leveling effect based on the field operation data. Finally, the development trend of rice field leveling technology was prospected from three aspects of product serialization, multifunctional and intellectualized.
    Innovation and Development of Mechanized Wet Direct Seeding Technology for Rice
    2020, 26(5): 19-21,25.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.004
    Abstract ( )   PDF (592KB) ( )  
    With the increase of the labor cost of rice planting, the area of rice direct seeding is getting larger and larger. Mechanized wet direct seeding not only has the advantage of efficient and cost-effective, but also is beneficial to increase the yield and yield stability of direct seeding rice. In this article, we introduced the development of mechanized wet direct seeding, and analyzed its advantages by comparing with the most used rice planting methods of machine-transplanted seedling and seed broadcasting; introduced new mechanical fertilization and weed control measures by synchronous seeding, deep fertilization and spraying herbicides with direct seeding machine. The problems faced by mechanized wet direct seeding were also analyzed.
    Key Points and Prospect of Rice Direct Seeding Technology by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
    2020, 26(5): 22-25.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.005
    Abstract ( )   PDF (571KB) ( )  
    Rice direct seeding technology by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a new planting technology that uses UAV to accurately seed rice seeds in fields. It has the advantages of higher planting efficiency and intelligence level, lower labor intensity, cost-saving and labor-saving, and is suitable for large-scale production. It could significantly improve the standardization and intelligence level of mechanical direct-seeding rice technology. In this paper, we summarized the key points of rice direct seeding technology by UAV, including the selection of the machine type, matching with the best improved rice variety, paddy field tillage, seed pretreatments, precision sowing, water and fertilizer management, weed and pest prevention and control, and harvesting. Moreover, it also discussed its future development direction, in order to provide a reference for the rapid development and promotion of the technology.
    Key Points and Prospects of Rice Precision Dry Direct Seeding Technique
    2020, 26(5): 26-29.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.006
    Abstract ( )   PDF (569KB) ( )  
    Rice precision dry direct seeding technique is a production method that integrates agricultural machinery and agronomy, and realizes precision seeding through mechanized production. This technique improves plant disease resistance and lodging resistance, and has significant effects on cost saving, quality improvement, yield increase and efficiency. This article summarizes the key points of the technique through several processes including superior seed selection, paddy field tillage, seed treatment, precise sowing, soil formula fertilization, scientific water management, prevention and control of weeds, pests and diseases, and harvest. And the article also discusses its future development direction, hoping to provide reference for the rapid development and popularization of the technique.
    Progress on Rice of Intelligent Seedling Raising and Machine Transplanting
    2020, 26(5): 30-33.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.007
    Abstract ( )   PDF (654KB) ( )  
    With the continuous progress of science and technology, the scale of rice machine transplanting is gradually expanded, and the intelligent production technology of rice is gradually developed. This paper briefly reviewed the development of rice seedling raising factories in China, expounded the design and application of intelligent seedling raising factories with the core of stacking seedlings, as well as the precision of hybrid rice planting methods and the realization of intelligent machine transplanting. It is expected to provide a reference for the innovation and application of intelligent seedling raising and transplanting technology for rice production.
    Extraction of Guiding Line in Unmanned Driving Technology of Rice Transplanter
    2020, 26(5): 34-39.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.008
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1132KB) ( )  
    Agricultural machinery automatic navigation technology is a basic support technology to realize intelligent agricultural machinery equipment and intelligent agricultural robot, and is an important guarantee to realize agricultural machinery intelligence and automation; the wide application of agricultural machinery intelligent navigation technology based on vision still needs to be developed in many aspects. Among them, navigation line extraction algorithm is one of the key links of vision-based navigation. To address this question, two navigation strategies with corresponding guiding line extraction methods are proposed for rice transplanter. When no transplanted rice seedling is observed in the sight field, images are binarized by Otsu method, and ridge contours are found according to topological analyzation. Otherwise, rice seedlings are located by modified excess-green transformation, and subsequently centre points are found by proposed algorithm. With basic points of ridge contours or rice seedlings, a guiding line is computed using least square and RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC), and finally, navigation parameters, i.e., lateral deviation and course deviation, are obtained. Experiments proved its considerable applicability in visual navigation of rice transplanters. When true lateral deviation was 100 cm, the mean error of lateral deviation under different course deviation was 2 cm, with a standard deviation of 3 cm. Meanwhile, the mean error of course deviation under different lateral deviation was 0.14°, with a standard deviation of 0.7°.
    Research Progress of Soilless Substrate for Rice Seedling Raising
    2020, 26(5): 40-44.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.009
    Abstract ( )   PDF (793KB) ( )  
    The limitations of traditional rice seedling raising in soil are becoming increasingly prominent because of the widespread application of machine transplanting rice seedlings in China. In order to solve the difficulty in getting soil from field, the destruction of vegetation and environment, and the shortage of rural labor force in traditional rice seedling raising, the study and application of soilless substrate in rice seedling raising has been paid more and more attention. This paper reviewed the current situation of machine transplanting rice and the development tendency of soilless substrate in rice seedling raising in China. The main technical points in developing soilless substrate according to local conditions have been clarified, and the industry development as well as popularization and application of soilless substrate for rice seedling raising has also been prospected in this paper. This article aimed to provide some references for the large-scale popularization and application of machine transplanting rice in China and to improve the mechanization level in rice production.
    Key Points and Development Prospect of Rice Electric Motor Spurt Direct Seeding Technology in Sichuan Basin
    2020, 26(5): 45-47,52.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.010
    Abstract ( )   PDF (542KB) ( )  
    Direct seeding is one of the important directions for the development of rice production. Since 2008, the authors have carried out the research and demonstration of the direct seeding technology under different stubble in Sichuan basin, and have formed an efficient, labor saving and good operability direct seeding technology with motor spurt. The electric seeding dispenser can work for more than 8 hours on one charge, each electric dispenser can sow about 2.6 hm2 per day, and has a good uniformity. From 2012 to 2019, there were more than 70,000 hm2 have been demonstrated in Nanchong, Suining, Luzhou and Deyang, etc., which increased the rice grain yield by 5%~10% compared with local farmers' hand-transplanted seedlings and saved 45 labors per hm2 and increased income more than 3,750 yuan, which was welcomed by farmers. The key measures of this technology including: ensuring the convenience of drainage and irrigation, avoiding the harm of extreme high and low temperature, preventing the birds from eating rice seeds after sowing, controling the weeds in the field after sowing, and preventing the lodging during grain filling. No matter it is winter water (idle) field or wheat (rape or vegetable) stubble field, as long as there is water source guarantee condition, the early, middle and late rice varieties could be used for direct seeding after the previous harvest, the development prospect is very broad.
    Effective Weed Control Technologies of “Seeding and Spray Synchronous” and “Transplanting and Spray Synchronous” in Paddy Fields
    2020, 26(5): 48-52.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.011
    Abstract ( )   PDF (703KB) ( )  
    Paddy weeds are common pests in rice fields, and effective control weeds is a prerequisite for ensuring high and stable yield of rice. With the acceleration of rice light-simplification and large-scale planting, the occurrence frequency of paddy weeds and the damage area are heavily increasing. At present, use of herbicide is still the most economical and effective way to control paddy weeds. Use the closed herbicide is considered to be more economic and safe prevention and control measure. However, common use these herbicides, which used before or after rice planting, are considered laborious and inefficient due to anthropogenic factor. Thus, “seeding and spray synchronization” and “transplanting and spray synchronization” are self-developed new technologies to control weeds in machine-seeding paddy field and machine-transplanting paddy field, respectively. Moreover, this technology could mechanized spray herbicides precisely, completing planting of rice and control weed at the same time. Thus, it could save labor and cost, use herbicides safety and efficiency, kill resistant weed accessions. In this article, we described the technologies requirements and its practical applications of “seeding and spray synchronization” and “transplanting and spray synchronization”, so as to provide some references for further promotion and application.
    Research Advances and Application of Rice Mechanized Transplanting with Side Deep Fertilization Technology
    2020, 26(5): 53-57.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.012
    Abstract ( )   PDF (722KB) ( )  
    Rice mechanized transplanting with side deep fertilization has the advantages of saving fertilizer, reducing labor, and high efficiency, which provides a new direction for mechanized rice production. It has developed rapidly in my country in recent years. This paper analyzed the features and advantages of rice mechanized transplanting with side deep fertilization technology, and introduced the mechanical fertilizer application device, fertilizer characteristics, fertilizer application mode at present. In view of the problems of fertilization effect, fertilization cost and field management, the technical countermeasures are discussed. It provides some theoretical guidance for further promotion and application of rice mechanized transplanting with side deep fertilization technology.
    Research Progress on Side Deep Fertilization of Machine-transplanted Rice
    2020, 26(5): 58-61.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.013
    Abstract ( )   PDF (512KB) ( )  
    For a long time, the main way of nitrogen application in the rice production of machine-transplanted rice in China is artificial broadcast, which has problems such as high labor intensity, low nitrogen utilization rate and excessive nitrogen application. With the development of China's economy and machinery industry, the technology of side deep fertilization of machine-transplanted rice is emerging gradually, which effectively solved the various problems caused by artificial application nitrogen fertilizer. This paper analyzed and summarized the side deep fertilization technology model and the effects of application of side deep fertilization technology on rice yield and yield components, grain quality, growth and development, nitrogen utilization rate and emission of greenhouse gases etc., in order to provide theoretical basis for the research of rice fertilizer saving and efficiency increasing technology.
    Effects of Gradients of Nitrogen Reduction on Yield Components of Rice and Cost-benefit with Applying Side Deep Fertilization Technology
    2020, 26(5): 62-65.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.014
    Abstract ( )   PDF (535KB) ( )  
    In order to explore the nitrogen reduction potential of the side deep fertilization technology in the rice-wheat rotation area in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the yield and yield components, nitrogen partial productivity and cost-benefit difference of rice variety Nangeng 5055 applying deep side fertilization technology under different nitrogen reduction gradients were studied. The single-factor design was adopted, and five treatments were set up: customary fertilization (nitrogen fertilizer amount is 20.9 kg/667 m2), nitrogen reduction by 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. The results showed that, applying side deep fertilization technology under the condition of reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 10%~20% than customary fertilization could ensure the effective tiller number of rice, increase the rice seed setting rate, and rice yield. The partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer for rice in the side-depth fertilization and nitrogen reduction treatment was 16.90%~32.41% higher than that of the customary treatment. When nitrogen is reduced by 10%, the rice yield, and planting income could increased by side deep fertilization.
    Research and Application of the Technique of Biodegradable Film Mulching in Machine-transplanted Rice
    2020, 26(5): 66-69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.015
    Abstract ( )   PDF (563KB) ( )  
    The technology of biodegradable film mulching and mechanical transplanting is a technology that combines biodegradable film mulching with machine-transplanted rice to achieve integrated operation of film mulching and rice mechanical transplanting. The technology could promote the growth of rice, increase dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation in rice plants, improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization and yield of rice. In terms of ecological benefits, it could significantly reduce methane emissions and the species and density of weed communities in rice fields, inhibit the growth of weeds. From the perspective of production efficiency, it could reduce the water consumption of rice growth, reduce production costs, and improve the production efficiency of rice. The use of biodegradable films to replace plastic films reduces the environmental pollution, and provides a new way for green rice production to improve quality and efficiency.
    Study on Non-destructive Monitoring of Rice Leaf and Precision Fertilization Technology
    2020, 26(5): 70-73.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.016
    Abstract ( )   PDF (545KB) ( )  
    Through the non-destructive monitoring of rice leaf CCN and the acquisition of normalized vegetation index (NDVI value) of UAV, checking and adjusting the consistency between the chemical value and the measured value of nitrogen content in leaves, clarifying the linear relationship between nitrogen content and NDVI value in leaves, constructing the database of non-destructive monitoring value and fertilization, to realize the precise application of ear fertilizer according to the target yield and improve the quality of rice taste, to provide new technology for improving quality and increasing efficiency of rice, and to provide new methods for the development of high quality rice information fertilization and intelligent agriculture.
    Application Status and Problems of Plant Protection Unmanned Aircraft in Paddy Field
    2020, 26(5): 74-79.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.017
    Abstract ( )   PDF (894KB) ( )  
    At present, the application of plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in paddy field has been rapidly developed and attracted extensive attention. The control effects of aerial spraying using UAV against rice diseases and pests is equivalent to that of conventional plant protection machinery, and closely related to the distribution of aerial spraying droplet deposition, rice plant type, cultivation methods, environmental conditions, flight parameters, performance of operators, optimum application period and scientific application of pesticides. In this paper, we summarized the application effects, technical points and practical benefits of aerial spraying using UAV in paddy field. The main problems and suggestions of plant protection UAV in paddy field were put forward to promote the application of plant protection UAV in rice production.
    Smart Farm: Conceiving of Running Future Farm with Rice as an Example
    2020, 26(5): 80-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.018
    Abstract ( )   PDF (730KB) ( )  
    With the development of information and communication technologies such as sensors, internet of things, global positioning system and 5G, the era of agriculture 4.0 is coming. Taking smart farm as the representative of agriculture 4.0, this paper expounded the concept and current situation of smart farm, the main technologies involved, the farm operation scheme with rice as the object, and put forward the possible issues and prospects. We hope that it could raise the concerns of academic community and industrial community to smart farm and promote the development of intelligent agriculture in China.
    Review on Data Assimilation of Remote Sensing and Crop Growth Models in Rice
    2020, 26(5): 84-89.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.019
    Abstract ( )   PDF (756KB) ( )  
    Remote sensing and crop growth models play an irreplaceable role in agricultural resource monitoring and crop yield prediction. Remote sensing monitoring is the most effective method to obtain large-area surface information. The crop growth models model crop yield at the mechanism level, which could realize dynamic simulation of crop growth at a single point scale. But the two have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the assimilation of remote sensing information and crop growth models could effectively combine their respective advantages to achieve large-scale and high-precision agricultural monitoring and forecasting. This article summarized the research progress of crop growth models, satellite remote sensing, data assimilation, remote sensing and crop model data assimilation on rice, and research trends of remote sensing and crop growth model data assimilation. To provide ideas for the future research on rice remote sensing and crop growth model assimilation, and to provide technical support for crop growth monitoring and yield budget.
    Study and Development on the Decision Support System of Rice-crayfish Integrated Farming Based on Java
    2020, 26(5): 90-93.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.020
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1063KB) ( )  
    Based on the requirements analysis, feasibility analysis, database design, programming design and debugging, this paper developed the decision support system V1.0 of the mode of integrated planting and breeding with rice and crayfish based on Java. The system had a variety of functions such as rudimentary knowledge popularization, accurate decision support, related product recommendation and expert knowledge acquisition. It had a friendly interface, strong availability, reliability, maintainability, easy to use, and high customer satisfaction. The system was a high-quality platform of knowledge guidance and decision support for the green, high-quality and efficient development of the industry of integrated rice-crayfish farming.
    Demonstration and Effects of “Synchronized Side-deep Fertilization Technology of Machine-transplanted Rice + Green Prevention and Control of Diseases and Insect Pests” Technology in Hunan Province
    2020, 26(5): 94-96,101.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.021
    Abstract ( )   PDF (524KB) ( )  
    A large-scale test demonstration of the integrated technology of“synchronized side-deep fertilization technology of machine-transplanted rice + green prevention and control of diseases and insect pests” was carried out in late rice production in Hunan. Compared with the control area of “conventional fertilization + green prevention and control of diseases and insect pests”, the demonstration area achieved higher partial productivity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the basis of reduced fertilizer application by 10.3% and reduced nitrogen fertilizer application (N) by 15.9%. At the same time, the grain yield was increased by 63.7 kg/667 m2, the quality of rice is better, and the income increased by 85.4 yuan/667 m2. The technology of green prevention and control of diseases and insect pests ensured the safety of grain. This technology realized green, high-quality and efficient production of rice.
    Evaluation of the Effect of Plant Protection UAV on Rice Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds
    2020, 26(5): 97-101.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.022
    Abstract ( )   PDF (565KB) ( )  
    The whole process solution plan of rice diseases, insect pests and weeds by plant protection UAV (T1) could effectively improve the seedling quality and tiller number. Compared with conventional medicine treatment (T2) and CK, the plant height increased by 13.0% and 0.4% the root length increased by 6.4% and 22.2%, the white root number increased by 41.6% and 18.0%, the fresh weight of upper part increased by 14.3% and 20.0%, the base stem width increased by 2.3% and 2.3%, and the average tiller number increased by 12.2% and 29.2%. The control effect of grassy weed, such as barnyard grass and chinese sprangletop, and broad-leaved weeds, such as Ludwigiaprostrata and Ammannia arenaria, was over 98%. The control effect on rice thrips was 25 percentage points higher than T2 treatment; the control effect on second generation of Chilo suppressalis and fourth generation of white backed planthopper was more than 90%; the control effect on fifth(third) generation of rice leaf roller was more than 98%; the control effect on brown planthopper was more than 84%; the control effect on rice bakanae disease was 100%; the control effect on rice false smut was more than 70%. The yield was 799.09 kg/667m2, the total benefit increased by 2.67% and pesticide dosage decreased by 42.8% compared with T2 treatment.
    Control Effects of Different Operation Modes and Herbicide Formulas to Weeds in Semi-arid Area of Heilongjiang Province
    2020, 26(5): 102-106.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.023
    Abstract ( )   PDF (579KB) ( )  
    Field experiments were conducted to study the control effects of different operation modes and herbicide formulas to weeds and grain yield in semi-arid area of Heilongjiang province. The main results indicated as follows, in terms of rice yield, the average yields of plant protection UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) operating area and artificial mist blower operating area were 589.45 kg/667 m2 and 586.39 kg/667 m2, increased by 4.64% and 4.10% respectively compared to CK. The average yields of rice with formula 1 and formula 2 were 585.28 kg/667 m2 and 593.75 kg/667 m2, increased by 4.32% and 4.32% respectively compared to CK. In terms of the weed control effects, the average control effects of plant protection UAV operating area and artificial mist blower operating area were increased by 68.61% and 71.29%, the average control effects of formula 1 and formula 2 were increased by 26.04% and 100.00%.
    Light Simplicity and High Yield Cultivation Technique of Mechanical Precise-quantity Dry Hill Seeding of Fine Quality Rice Yexiangyoumingyuesimiao
    2020, 26(5): 107-109.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.024
    Abstract ( )   PDF (478KB) ( )  
    Rice mechanical precise-quantity hill direct seeding technique is a light, simplified and high-efficiency cultivation technique, which has emerged in Guilin city in recent years. Direct seeding is easy to manage, and has a significant labor saving and efficiency increasing effect. It has been widely used in large-scale rice planters. In this paper, with 2 years of technical research and demonstration, the planting performance of high-quality and high-yield rice variety Yexiangyoumingyuesimiao and its mechanical precise-quantity hill direct seeding technique are presented.