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20 July 2020, Volume 26 Issue 04 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Advances of Rice Growth Response to Drought and its Compensatory Effects 2020, 26(04): 1-6.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (950KB) ( )   This paper outlines the impact of drought on rice production in China. From the perspective of yield components, the causes of rice yield reduction were analyzed. The physiological mechanisms of rice growth response to drought were analyzed from the aspects of photosynthetic characteristics, active oxygen accumulation, endogenous hormones and polyamine content, and dry matter accumulation. At the same time, the compensation effect of rice after mild drought stress was summarized. To reduce the impact of drought on rice production in the future, and make rational use of rice compensation effect.

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Analysis of Yield Potential of Rice Varieties for 15 Ton Per Hectare 2020, 26(04): 7-9.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (314KB) ( )   The yield and its components and yield increasing potential were compared and analyzed between the variety regional trial and the high-yielding demonstration of 15 t/hm2 with four hybrid rice used in large areas in China. The results showed that, compared with rice regional trial, the yield increase of demonstration of 15 t/hm2 mainly resulted from the increase of grain number per panicle and effective panicles per unit area, while the 1 000-grain weight was relatively stable. The factor analysis of yield increase between demonstration of 15 t/hm2 and variety regional trial indicated that the increase of panicle number contributed 30% of yield increase, and the increase of grain weight per panicle contributed 70% of yield increase on average. The increase of grain weight per panicle is the main pathway to realize the high yield of 15 t/hm2. Variety with big panicle has higher yield potential. Grains per m2 of 58,000~72,000 and grain weight per panicle of 4.1~7.0 g are required for 15 t/hm2 of indica hybrid rice. Grains per m2 of 78,000~80,000 and grain weight per panicle of 6.0~7.8 g are required for 15 t/hm2 of indica-japonica hybrid rice. For 15 t/hm2, spikelet fertility and grain filling percent were higher on the basis of sufficient grain storage capacity.

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Effects of Atmospheric CO2 Elevation and Fertilization on Yield and Nutritional Quality of Japonica Rice——A FACE Study 2020, 26(04): 10-17.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (966KB) ( )   Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide（CO2） concentration may alter mineral nutrition levels in grains of rice, but it is not clear whether this change is affected by fertilization. In order to understand how fertilizer level may affect rice response to elevated CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, a two-factor experiment was conducted in a Free Air CO2 Enrichment（FACE） platform located in Jiangdu, China. A japonica rice cultivar Wuyungeng 23 was grown under two levels of CO2 concentration, ambient and elevated CO2 concentration（200 μmol/mol higher than ambient, FACE）, in combination with two fertilization treatments （common and null）. At plant maturity, the yield and nutritional quality of rice grains were determined. The results showed that the yield increased by elevated CO2 concentration was not significant. Null fertilizer significantly reduced the yield （-34%）, mainly due to the substantial decrease in the number of panicles per square meter. The protein concentration in brown rice significantly decreased by 6.6% under elevated CO2 concentration, and significantly decreased by 14.3% under null fertilizer conditions. The phytate concentration in rice grains was not changed by elevated CO2 concentration, but significantly increased by 7.4% under null fertilizer conditions. Elevated CO2 concentration significantly decreased the concentration of K （-6.7%）, P （-10.5%） and S（-11.7%）. The CO2 effects on the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, and B were not significant, but significantly increased the Fe concentration （+12.6%）. Without fertilizer application, the concentrations of K, P, S and Mn were significantly decreased （up to -26.1%）. Elevated CO2 concentration had no significant effect on nutrition content per unit area in rice grains （except Ca）, but null fertilizer application significantly decreased the content of protein, phytate, K, Mg, P, S, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and B （up to -51.3%）. The ANOVA results indicated CO2 by fertilizer interactions on the concentrations of K, Mg, P, S, Zn, Fe and Fe content. The above data showed that the yield of Wuyungeng 23 increased slightly by CO2 fumigation throughout the growing season, but the concentrations of most of elements in rice grains showed a trend of decrease （except Cu and Fe）. Without fertilizer application, grain yield and element accumulation decreased significantly, but phytate concentration increased. The interactions between CO2 and fertilizer treatment on the concentration of K, Mg, P, Fe and Fe content were significant.

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Research and Application Status of Severity Grading Standards of the Rice False Smut Disease in China 2020, 26(04): 18-21.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (545KB) ( )   The status of the research and application of rice false smut （RFS） disease severity grading standards in China was reviewed in this paper. Due to the differences in rice varieties, farming systems and climatic environments in different rice regions in China, and the particularity of the disease symptoms of RFS, it is still difficult to formulate a universal national unified standard. According to the different purposes of plant protection statistics or the evaluation of resistance to RFS of rice varieties, the selection of appropriate grading standards to meet the different needs is currently a common practice in the research of RFS disease. Based on the local conditions, different grading standards have been established in different rice regions by plant laboratory test. Currently, there are two sets of grading standards are widely used in China. The research of formulation and adoption of grading standards for RFS is still need to be strengthened.

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Research Status and Development Prospects of Upland Rice 2020, 26(04): 22-24.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (405KB) ( )   The upland rice has the characteristics of strong drought tolerance and wide adaptability. Cultivating high yield and high quality upland rice could solve the contradiction between the decrease of available arable land, the shortage of food, the shortage of water resources and the increase of population in China. It is of great significance to realize the sustainable development of agriculture, guarantee the national food security. Upland rice has a bright future in the environment of water shortage and serious desertification in China. The article mainly elaborated on the current situation of upland rice cultivation at home and abroad, and the research and improvement progress of upland rice drought tolerance.

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Effects of Mn2+ Concentrations on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Different Rice Varieties 2020, 26(04): 25-30.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (692KB) ( )   The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of different Mn2+ concentration on growth and nutrient uptake of two rice varieties, to reveal the tolerance of two rice varieties to Mn toxicity and its relationship with rice akiochi or straighthead disease in the waterlogged paddy fields. A hydroponic simulation experiment was set up, using two locally produced rice varieties Mianyou 725 and Chuanxiangyou 506 as materials. The results indicated that the two rice varieties remarkably differed in their tolerance to Mn2+, Chuanxiangyou 506 showing much superior traits in tolerance to Mn stress in the hydroponic culture than Mianyou 725. When Mn2+ concentration was 350 mg/L, the symptoms of Mn toxicity were obviously seen in Mianyou 725. As a result, its dry weight of stem and leaves was reduced to 45.2% and the number of roots dropped to 65.9% compared with the control. Nutrient uptake by Mianyou 725 was also synchronously reduced at this Mn concentration, only 45.84% for total N, 64.98% for total P and 44.23% for total K in comparison to uptake of each nutrient by the control. However, the growth and nutrient uptake of Chuanxiangyou 506 were generally higher than the control, which implied that there were no adverse effects of Mn imposed on this strain. The rice responses to different Mn concentrations were mainly attributed to strain difference. Optimal Mn level could enhance rice growth and nutrient uptake, while excessive Mn adversely impacted the growth of the sensitive strain, resulting in akiochi disease in the field. This finding is helpful for screening the rice variety suitable to grow in the waterlogged field.

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Effects of Seeding Rate on Grain Yield and Radiation Use Efficiency of Direct Seeding Hybrid Rice with Different Maturity in Wheat-rice Cropping System 2020, 26(04): 31-34.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (462KB) ( )   In order to understand the effects of seeding rate and maturity stage on grain yield and radiation use efficiency （RUE） of direct seeding rice in wheat-rice cropping system, a field experiment with early maturity rice cultivar Chuanzuoyou 8727, medium maturity rice cultivar Fuyou 838 and late maturity rice cultivar Nei 6 you107 was conducted at Chengdu Plain in 2019. The seeding rate treatments were established as 15.0, 22.5, 30.0, 37.5, 45.0 kg/hm2 by artificial broadcasting. The results showed that panicles per m2 and total dry matter weight of direct seeding rice showed an increasing tendency with seeding rate increasing, while spikelets per panicle and dry matter weight per plant of direct seeding rice showed a decreasing trend with seeding rate increasing. The grain yield and RUE of direct seeding rice firstly increased and then decreased with seeding rate increasing. Chuanzuoyou 8727 recorded the highest grain yield and RUE when the seeding rate was 30.0 kg/hm2, and Fuyou 838 and Nei 6 you 107 recorded the highest grain yield and RUE when the seeding rate was 22.5 kg/hm2. Chuanzuoyou 8727 produced higher grain yield than Fuyou 838 and Nei 6 you 107 by 8.8% and 3.7%, respectively. The higher panicles per m2, seed setting rate and harvest index in Chuanzuoyou 8727 were responsible for high grain yield compared with Fuyou 838 and Nei 6 you 107. Chuanzuoyou 8727 had higher RUE than Fuyou 838 and Nei 6 you 107 by 15.3% and 13.3%, respectively. The results suggested that the optimum seeding rate of hybrid rice with early maturity is 30.0 kg/hm2 under wheat-rice cropping system in Chengdu Plain.

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Yield Potential Analysis of Perennial Rice Yunda 107 2020, 26(04): 35-39.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (558KB) ( )   Perennial rice has been successfully bred by the clonal propagation characteristic via rhizome of Oryza longistaminata, can survive for many years. Yunda 107 is a perennial rice variety with high quality, selected through the cross of ‘Dianrui449//RD23/Oryza longistaminata’. In order to explore the yield potential of Yunda 107, an experiment was conducted in 2018 using high quality rice varieties Diantun 502, Dianrui 449 and Wendao 5 as controls. In the experiment, we investigated the traits such as growth period, dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and yield potential of each tested variety. The results showed that, the yield of Yunda 107 can reach 564.52 kg/667 m2, which increase by 25.94%, 5.41% and 2.93% compared with Diantun 502, Wendao 5 and Dianrui 449, respectively, and the difference is significant compared with Diantun 502. In terms of yield composition, the number of grains per panicle and the weight per thousand grains of Yunda 107 were higher than those of Wendao 5, Diantun 502 and Dianrui 449. The large number and size of grains were the main reason for its higher yield. At the same time, the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves of Yunda 107 increased by 4.45%, 4.65% and 16.83%, compared with Diantun 502, Dianrui 449 and Wendao 5, respectively, with significant differences. Therefore, the main way to tap the yield potential of Yunda 107 is to increase the number of grains per panicle and the photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves after full heading, so as to accumulate more photosynthetic products, thereby increasing the biological yield at mature stage.

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Quality Analysis of Perennial Rice in Different Altitude Regions 2020, 26(04): 40-43.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (426KB) ( )   Perennial rice which is breeding by the clonal propagation characteristic via rhizome of Oryza longistaminata has been successful. In order to clarify the differences in perennial rice quality at different altitudes, 3 perennial rice varieties PR23, PR25 and PR107 were applied at 3 different altitudes of 550 m （Jinghong）, 955 m （Menglian） and 1 250 m （Menghai） in 2018. The results showed that the head rice rate of PR23 in Jinghong and Menglian reached the first and second grade of national standard for high quality rice, respectively. But it's chalkiness degree in Menghai reached the third grade of national standard for high quality rice, and the amylose content in Jinghong, Menglian and Menghai met the first grade of national standard for high quality rice. The head rice rate of PR25 in Jinghong and Menglian reached the second and first grade of national standard for high-quality rice, respectively. It's chalkiness degree in Menghai reached the third grade of national standard for high quality rice, respectively, the amylose content in Jinghong, Menglian and Menghai met the first grade of national standard for high quality rice. The head rice rate of PR107 in Jinghong and Menglian reached the second and first grade of national standard for high quality rice, respectively. It's chalkiness degree in Jinghong, Menglian and Menghai met the second, second and first grade of national standard for high quality rice, respectively, and the amylose content in Jinghong, Menglian and Menghai met the first grade of national standard for high quality rice.

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Innovation and Practice on “Rice+” Cooperative Extension Model in Hubei Province 2020, 26(04): 44-46.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (464KB) ( )   Hubei is an important grain-producing province of China and rice is the largest grain crop in Hubei. It’s an important measure to stabilize grain production through developing the“rice+” model and also the basic principle of agricultural supply-side structural reform. In this paper, we expounded the working mechanism of “rice+” cooperative promotion mode in Hubei province, pointed out the problem that the industrial development is not balanced, the technical model is not accurate and the “one principal and multiple” mechanism is not smooth, and put forward some countermeasures to promote the high quality development of “rice+” cooperative extension in Hubei Province.

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Present Situation and Development Countermeasures of Ratoon Rice Production in Anhui Province 2020, 26(04): 47-50.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (577KB) ( )   On the basis of an in-depth investigation on the production and application of ratoon rice in Anhui province, this paper expounded the current status of ratoon rice production and application, analyzed the existing problems and advantages in the development of ratoon rice, and put forward the countermeasures and suggestions for developing ratoon rice production.

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Development Status and Countermeasures of High Quality Rice Industry in Guangxi Province 2020, 26(04): 51-56.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (773KB) ( )   In order to provide some evidences and references for exploring the healthy and sustainable development of high quality rice industry in Guangxi, the various aspects of Guangxi high quality rice industry chain were investigated and studied through the combination of questionnaires, telephone consultations and face-to-face field interviews. The results showed as follows: the varieties of high quality rice produced in Guilin, Liuzhou, Laibin, Hechi, Baise, Nanning and Guigang were mainly high quality conventional rice, accounting for more than 60.0%; the average yield of the whole area was 431.2 kg/667 m2, among which the high quality rice yields in Baise and Guigang were higher, exceeding 450.0 kg/667 m2; the level of machine farming and machine harvesting was high, accounting for 85.7% and 90.9% respectively, while the machine transplanting and machine drying were only 17.3% and 7.5% respectively; the self-retained seed rate of growers reached 52.6%. The price of high quality paddy is 2.96 Yuan/kg for the early rice and 3.23 Yuan/kg for the late rice, which is mainly sold to grain brokers or grain reserve companies; major grain processing enterprises purchased and processed more than 360,000 tons of high quality rice annually. The whole sale price of high quality rice small packaging is between 4,900 Yuan/t and 7,625 Yuan/t, and the bulk is between 4,250 Yuan/t and 6,633 Yuan/t; there are many high quality rice brands, but lack of influential brands. And put forward 7 suggestions on the development of high quality rice industry in Guangxi: the investment in scientific research of breeding may be increased to strengthen the contribution of varieties in the industry; the research and promotion of technology on comprehensive planting and cultivation in paddy field and high yield cultivation may be strengthened to improve the support of technology in the development of high quality rice industry; it is needed to vigorously carry out socialized services in the weak links of farming and develop ecological high quality rice planting; the layout of high quality rice varieties is needed to optimize; the support for new agricultural business entities and the construction of high quality rice brands should be strengthened.

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Application Status, Existing Problems and Countermeasures of High Quality Rice Varieties in Jiangsu Province 2020, 26(04): 57-60.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (559KB) ( )   Jiangsu is a major province for producing japonica rice in the south of China. Promoting the layout of high quality rice is of great positive significance for the high-quality development of Jiangsu agriculture and the building of a 100-billion-level rice industry. Jiangsu province has an important foundation and good conditions for the layout of high quality rice varieties. However, at present, there are also contradictions such as uneven distribution of varieties, prominent structural contradictions of high-quality varieties, unsuitable market demand for variety application, disconnected with production practice. We should make full use of Jiangsu's advantages of rice production location and ecological resources, speed up the breeding of green and high eating quality varieties, speed up the examination and popularization of high-quality varieties, scientifically optimize the distribution of varieties application, promote the safe and high-quality production of high-quality japonica rice, promote the rational and scientific utilization of high-quality rice varieties in jiangsu province, and further improve the competitiveness of jiangsu rice industry.

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Development Countermeasures of Jiangxi Rice Seed Industry Based on SWOT Analysis 2020, 26(04): 61-66.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (896KB) ( )   Jiangxi province is one of the main rice regions in southern China, and its rice planting area ranks the third in the country. It has a huge seed market and abundant germplasm resources. Its rice breeding work has made steady progress, but the results of rice breeding do not match the status of the major province of rice cultivation. The whole scale of seed enterprises is small, insufficient breeding funds, lack of high-quality rice varities, poor seed industry development environment and other issues restricted the development of Jiangxi rice seed industry. It is necessary to establish special funds in rice breeding and germplasm repository, to construct the integrated industrial chain of “R&D, production, promotion, sales and services”, to improve market regulatory capabilities, to speed up the development of science and technology talent team in rice breeding, to enhance the core competitiveness of Jiangxi rice seed industry.

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Introduction to the Technology of Orientation and Control of Fertilizer and Water in Super High-yielding Cultivation of Rice 2020, 26(04): 67-71.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (689KB) ( )   In this paper, the author has carried out many years of research and practice on high-yielding cultivation technology of rice, and summarized a set of super-high-yielding cultivation technology system, that is fertilizer and water orientation and control techndogy. In this paper, the meaning and key measures of this technology is introduced. The practice showed that the application and promotion of this technology is of great significance to further stabilize and improve rice yield.

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Effects of Different Cultivation Pattern on Grain Yield and Resources Utilization Efficiency in Plain Region along the Yangtze River 2020, 26(04): 72-76.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (620KB) ( )   In order to explore the suitable cultivation patterns for double-cropping rice in northern marginal area of the Yangtze river，using indica rice variety Zhefu 203 and conventional japonica rice variety Zhendao 18 as the test materials, four cultivation modes were set, including annual mechanical transplanting mode（MTMT）, early rice mechanical transplanting + late rice artificial throwing mode（MTAT）, annual artificial throwing mode（ATAT）, early rice direct sowing + late rice artificial throwing mode（DSAT） . Compared with MTMT, MTAT and ASAT，the yield of ATAT mode increased by 5.5%, 2.5% and 7.21% respectively. The annual economic benefits of ATAT mode increased by 24.6%, 11.1% and 1.6% respectively. Due to the efficient production technology, the grain production efficiency of MTMT mode increased by 11.9%, 43.6% and 12.9% respectively, compared with MTAT, ATAT and DSAT mode. The ATAT mode achieved the best economic benefit, and the MTMT mode is suitable for the moderate scale production application under the background of labor shortage.

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Effects of Different Fertilization Methods on Yield Formation of Machine-transplanted Early Rice 2020, 26(04): 77-80.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (502KB) ( )   In this experiment, the early rice variety Zhongzao 39 was used as the test material, and the slow-released fertilizer was used for machine side deep fertilization to study the effects of slow-released fertilizer on yield, dry matter accumulation and spikelet differentiation and degradation of early rice. The results showed that compared with the traditional artificial fertilization（CK）, the mechanical transplanting with deep side application of slow release fertilizer（F1） and the mechanical transplanting with artificial application of slow release fertilizer（F2） increased the yield by 3.4% and 2.6%. The yield-increasing effect of F1 treatment is better than F2 treatment. The F1 treatment is to increase the number of spikelet per panicle by increasing the number of spikelet differentiation. Compared with CK, the number of spikelet differentiation and the number of spikelet per panicle of F1 treatment were increased by 4.5% and 5.7%, respectively. In grain filling stage, compared with CK, the dry matter accumulation of F1 and F2 treatment were increased by 17.2% and 5.6%. The effect of F1 treatment was the most obvious and the dry matter accumulation was increased by 12.3% compared with F2 treatment. In the maturity period, compared with CK, the SPAD values of the F1 and F2 treatment were increased by 5.8% and 16.4%, and the nitrogen content of leaves were increased by 12.5% and 34.1%. The results showed that the mechanical transplanting with deep side application of slow release fertilizer has better effect of increasing yield.

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Growth and Quality Characteristics of Nangeng 5718 under Mechanical Transplanting 2020, 26(04): 81-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (372KB) ( )   In 2017—2019, the field experiment was conducted in Huai'an city rice-wheat integrated demonstration base, in order to make systematic study on the growth characteristics and quality characteristics of good tasting rice Nangeng 5718 under the condition of machine transplanting, and provide a scientific basis and theoretical support for the high yield, green and efficient cultivation, as well as demonstration promotion. In the three-year demonstration, Nangeng 5718 showed the characteristics high yield, suitable growth period, strong resistance to disease and good nutritional quality and taste quality, which could be further expanded locally as machine-transplanted rice.

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Study on theRegulation of Rice Seedlings Quality by New-type Rice Seedbed Conditioner “Miaozhuangfeng” under Hard Place and Hard Disk Seedlings Raising 2020, 26(04): 84-87.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (496KB) ( )   In order to study the effect of a new-type rice seedbed conditioner “Miaozhuangfeng” on the quality of machine transplanted rice seedlings, 7 high quality rice varieties were selected, and two treatments （spraying rice seedbed conditioner “Miaozhuangfeng” and spraying clear water） were set up. The results showed that compared with the spraying water treatment, the leaf age, number of green leaves per plant, seedling height, maximum complete leaf length, maximum complete leaf width, basal stem width, SPAD value （SPAD1, SPAD2, SPAD1+2）, white root number, fresh matter weight of 100 seedlings and dry matter weight of 100 seedlings of the spraying “Miaozhuangfeng” treatment were significant improved, which indicated that “Miaozhuangfeng” had good effects on the seedling quality of rice in general. But among different rice varieties, the regulation range of “Miaozhuangfeng” on different characters is different. This new-type rice bed conditioner provides a new way for the cultivation of strong seedlings of machine transplanted rice.

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Effects of Integrated Reduced Chemical Fertilizer and Pesticide Application Technologies on the Yield and Control Effects of Diseases and Pest of Single Cropping Rice in Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River 2020, 26(04): 88-92.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (600KB) ( )   Integrating technologies to reduce input rate of chemical fertilizer and pesticide for single cropping rice area in mid-low reaches of Yangtze River without sacrificing yields. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of distinct technology combinations among silicon application, reduced application of nitrogen fertilizer, bio-fertilizer application and different techniques of pest control on the yield and the control effects of diseases and pest of rice in mid-low reaches of Yangtze River. The results showed that, there was no significant difference in rice yield if the input rate of nitrogen fertilizer reduced from 300 kg/hm2 to 240 kg/hm2, and the yield was also the most stable in 240 kg N/hm2 among different technology combinations. Under the nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/hm2 or 240 kg/hm2, the combined application of silicon fertilizer and “three preventions and two controls” technology could achieve the same yield level with farmers' nitrogen fertilization practice （300 kg/hm2） under conventional diseases and pests control technology. In comparison with the farmers' nitrogen fertilization practice （300 kg/hm2） under conventional diseases and pests control technology, the reduced nitrogen fertilization combined with silicon fertilization and “three preventions and two controls” technology not only reduced pesticide application once and significantly reduced the usage of solid and liquid pesticide by 52.8% and 61.0% , respectively, without sacrificing yields, but also achieved the same prevention and control effects with conventional diseases and pests control technology. Thus, this integration technology of reduced nitrogen fertilization combined with silicon fertilization and “three preventions and two controls” is a relatively effective means of increasing rice yield and reducing chemical fertilizer and pesticide application, which could be widely used for single cropping rice in mid-low reaches of Yangtze River.

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Comparation of Yield and N Utilization Efficiency of Japonica Rice Cultivars Applied in Different Years in Jiaxing Area 2020, 26(04): 93-95.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (354KB) ( )   Under the nitrogen fertilizer level of 225 kg/hm2, 5 conventional japonica rice varieties bred in different years in Jiaxing area were used as test materials to study grain yield and yield composition, nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen transport efficiency of rice. The results showed that the grain yield has gradually increased with the advancement of the breeding years of the varieties, Xiushui 14（the latest bred） increased by 15.84% compared with Xiushui 128（the earliest bred）. The main reason for the increase in yield is that the number of grains per panicle and 1 000-grain weight have been improved, Xiushui 14 increased by 13.17% and 13.39% respectively compared to Xiushui 128. The dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen absorption efficiency and apparent nitrogen use efficiency of Xiushui 14 were increased by 15.17%, 19.81%, 15.82%, 20.00%, 12.56%, 134.15% and 16.67%, compared to Xiushui 128. Above ground dry matter physiological utilization efficiency and grain nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency of Xiushui 14 were decreased by 6.31% and 5.15%, compared to Xiushui 128.

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Antagonistic Effects of Two Trichoderma Species on Pathogen of Rice Seedling Blight in Cold Region 2020, 26(04): 96-99.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (511KB) ( )   The antagonistic activities of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma brevis against four pathogens causing rice seedling blight in cold regions were analyzed by confrontation culture, fermentation broth, non-volatile and volatile inhibitors. The results showed that both Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma brevis inhibited four pathogens to some extent. In confrontation culture, Trichoderma harzianum inhibited Fusarium oxysporum with the highest inhibition rate of 79.04% and Trichoderma brevis inhibited Fusarium graminearum with the highest inhibition rate of 88.65%. The non-volatile substances of Trichoderma spp. had strong inhibitory effects on four pathogenic bacteria, among which Fusarium graminearum had the strongest inhibitory effects, with inhibition rates of 66.78% and 70.12%, respectively. The chitinase activity of Trichoderma harzianum was higher than that of Trichoderma brevis. The results will lay a foundation for the research and development of Trichoderma complex fungus preparation to control rice seedling blight.

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Breeding and Characteristics of a New Japonica Rice Variety Nangeng 5718 with Good Eating Quality 2020, 26(04): 100-102.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (385KB) ( )   Nangeng 5718 is a new japonica rice variety with good taste, developed from the cross between Ning 7022, a good-tasting japonica rice, and Yangeng 608, a high-quality and high-yielding japonica rice in Jiangsu province by the Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Jiangsu Shennong Dafeng Seed Industry Co., Ltd. It was screened by marker-assisted selection of several generations of stripe virus resistance genes, blast resistance genes and semi-waxy genes, and appearance and taste quality at 2015. The whole growth period is 148 days, which belongs to medium-ripe medium japonica rice. It was about 102.6 cm high with compact plant type. It grew vigorous with strong tillering capacity, high spike rate and good population regularity. The effective panicles were about 212,000/667 m2, the total grains per panicle were about 131.5 grains, the seed setting rate was about 88.9%, and the 1 000-grain weight was over 28.8 g. It has the good eating quality, strong stalk, high yield potential, good-looking at the late seed-filling stage and high comprehensive resistance, especially suitable for rice-shrimp integrated farming. It was approved by Jiangsu Provincial Variety Approval Committee in 2019 and suitable to grow in Huaibei area of Jiangsu Province.

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Occurrence Causes and Control Measures of Rice Bakanae Disease in Hangzhou 2020, 26(04): 103-105.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.024 Abstract ( )   PDF (358KB) ( )   The causes of rice bakanae disease in Hangzhou area in 2019 were analyzed in this study. The results showed that the high strain rate of rice seeds and the resistance to cyanide bacteria ester were the main reasons for its occurrence. Field experiments showed that, 4.23% metalaxyl· ipconazole ME with 400 and 600 times liquid, 25% prochloraz EC 2000 times liquid, 5% prochloraz EC 2000 times liquid plus 25% cyanide ene bacteria ester suspending agent 2000 times mixed soaking seeds for 48 h have better controll efect, significantly better than 25% cyanenide SC 750 times and 2000 times liquid. It is suitable for rotation application in severe and high resistance to cyanide bacteria ester to control the occurrence of bakanae disease.

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History and Customs of Rice Cultivation in Nantong—also on the Inheritance and Development of Rice Culture in the New Era 2020, 26(04): 106-110.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.025 Abstract ( )   PDF (966KB) ( )   Rice culture is an important part of farming culture. It is the sum of material culture and spiritual culture, which generally recognized and followed in the practice of rice production. The history of rice cultivation in Nantong can be traced back to more than 5,000 years. The ancestors burned weeds and watered the land, planted rice and raised fish in paddy, built seawalls and hard planted crops, which formed a multi-regional coexistence pattern of regional farming culture and a unique rice culture. This article summarized the traditional farming civilization content of Nantong's rice planting history, traditional customs, literature and art, and explored the history of rice, promoted the rice culture, and enhanced the value of rice in order to explore the new era.