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Special Thesis & Basic Research
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Special Thesis & Basic Research

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Analysis of China’s Rice Industry in 2023 and the Outlook for 2024 XU Chunchun, JI Long, CHEN Zhongdu, FANG Fuping 2024, 30(2): 1-4.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (545KB) ( )   In 2023, the total production of rice in China has been kept at over 200 million tons for 13 consecutive years with the area decreased slightly, and the yield has reached a new record high. The price of rice in the domestic market kept relatively strong, and the rice consumption is basically stable. Rice imports fell sharply and exports continued to decline. The quality level has been continuously improved, but the number of varieties approved decreased. The mode of operation has been continuously optimized, and the promotion of social services, green, efficient, light and simplified technologies and intelligent technologies has been accelerated. Facing problems of rice industry in China were analysed. It is projected that there is going to keep stable in rice area and the yield will increase slightly in 2024, and the rice market will run smoothly, the high-quality rice will develop rapidly.

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Preliminary Construction of a Diagnostic Model for Nitrogen Nutrition Based on SPAD Values in Leaves of Hybrid Rice REN Hongjun, XU Guiling, FENG Yuehua, LI Jie, WANG Xiaoke, GAO Yuqi, YOU Xiaoxuan, HAN Zhili, LI Jiale 2024, 30(2): 5-12.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (811KB) ( )   A split experiment of two-factor was conducted to explore the best measured leaf position of the SPAD value of rice leaves, the best secondary index of SPAD value, and build a nitrogen (N) nutrition diagnosis model based on the SPAD value of rice leaves. The main plots consisted of variety treatment (two variety: Qyou 6 and Yixiangyou 2115) and the subplots consisted of the N application rate (five N levels: 0, 75, 150, 225, 300 kg/hm2). The sensitivity, representativeness, and stability of rice leaves were analyzed. The relationship between SPAD value index and N application rate and leaf N content (LNC), and the relationship between leaf N accumulation (LNA) and LNC and yield were studied. The results showed that the sensitivity, representativeness and stability of rice leaf in order of magnitude were L4 > L3 > L1 > L2, L3 > L4 > L2 > L1, L2 > L3 > L4 > L1, respectively. Thus, L3 and L4 can be used as the common ideal indicator leaves for N nutrition diagnosis. The geometric mean of SPAD value of the top 3 and 4 leaves of rice plant (GMSI34) was selected as the best secondary index of SPAD value. According to the parabola equation of LNA and yield, univariate linear regression equation of LNA and LNC, and the exponential equation of GMSI34 and LNC, the critical values of SPAD value secondary index (GMSI34cri) at jointing stage, booting stage, and heading stage are 48.5, 44.3, and 42.9, respectively. Compared with the actual GMSI34 (GMSI34act), if GMSI34act < GMSI34cri, it indicates that rice lacks nitrogen and needs nitrogen topdressing, if GMSI34act ≥ GMSI34cri, it shows that the rice has sufficient nitrogen nutrition and does not need nitrogen topdressing. In conclusion, the N nutrition diagnosis model based on the SPAD value of hybrid rice leaves can provide technical support for efficient N fertilizer management of hybrid rice.

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A Preliminary Study on the Mechanism of Pseudomonas mosselii JP2-207 Against Rice False Smut Fungus Ustilaginoidea virens LIU Sihui, MING Ke, CHEN Guoqing, FENG Guozhong 2024, 30(2): 13-17.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (680KB) ( )   Pseudomonas mosselii JP2-207 was isolated from the soil of the rhizosphere of rice plants, this strain showed obvious inhibitory activity against Ustilaginoidea virens, an important rice pathogen. The complete genome of P. mosselii JP2-207 consists of 5 702 443 bp with a circle chromosome, 5 154 protein-coding genes, 22 rRNA genes, and 78 tRNA. The genomic analysis revealed that 9 candidate gene clusters were involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Together, this study provides preliminary results for exploring the antagonistic mechanism of rice false smut by P. mosselii JP2-207 and its secondary metabolites.

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Effects of Applying Selenium Endogenous Regulators on the Absorption of Selenium, Cadmium, and Arsenic by Rice LI Yuanyuan, JIAO Hongpeng, FENG Xiancui, CAO Peng, JIANG Haiyan, LEI Manqi 2024, 30(2): 18-25.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (933KB) ( )   A pot experiment was conducted by adding multiple composite regulators to selenium-rich soil, in order to clarify the effects of different endogenous selenium regulators on the absorption of selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) by rice and the forms of Se, Cd, and As in soil. The results showed that, the application of 1% or 2% montmorillonite composite conditioner (MT) could achieve the effects of increasing selenium and reducing cadmium in rice, with a 2% addition rate having the best effect. Under the condition of high selenium soil (soil Se content of 1.99 mg/kg), applying calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer + phosphate rock powder + active silicon (GLG) could achieve dual effects of excessive Se reduction and simultaneous As reduction in rice. Under the condition of medium selenium soil (soil Se content of 0.83 mg/kg), adding calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer + bone powder + active silicon (GGG) had the best effect on increasing selenium and reducing arsenic in rice. However, under the condition of low selenium soil (soil Se content of 0.46-0.47 mg/kg), adding calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer+ biochar + organic bacterial fertilizer + activated silicon (GTJG) and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer + lime+ activated silicon had better effect.

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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on the Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Ordered Mechanical Throwing Late Rice QIN Bin, WANG Weiqin, ZHENG Huabin, SUN Xin, HE Zaizhou, LIU Fuqiang, XIANG Jun, TAO Zuhao, CHEN Hongjing, TANG Qiyuan 2024, 30(2): 26-30.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (490KB) ( )   A split plot experimental design was used to explore the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer management methods on the growth and development, yield, and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of ordered mechanical throwing late rice Jiayouchangjin. The main plot is the nitrogen application rate (N), with three levels set, namely 120 kg/hm2 (N1), 150 kg/hm2 (N2), and 180 kg/hm2 (N3). The sub plot is the distribution ratio of nitrogen fertilizer (base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: spike fertilizer), with four levels set, namely 1:1:1 (T1), 0:1:1 (T2), 1: 0:1 (T3), and 1:1:0 (T4). Using farmers' habitual fertilization as a control (CK, nitrogen fertilizer dosage of 120 kg/hm2, base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: ear fertilizer=5:3:2), and another non nitrogen treatment as control 2(N0). The results showed that under the same nitrogen application rate, the rice yield of T2 treatment was significantly lower than that of T1, T3, T4 treatment and CK, the rice yield of T4 treatment was higher than that of T1 treatment and CK. It can be seen that the application of basic fertilizers helps to improve the yield of ordered mechanical throwing late rice. In terms of nitrogen fertilizer utilization, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of T2 treatment was significantly lower than that of other treatments. The differences in nitrogen partial productivity (NPFP), nitrogen grain production efficiency (NUEg), nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency (NPE), and nitrogen harvest index (NHI) among T1, T3, T4 treatments and CK were relatively small. The above results indicated that the application of nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage had a significant regulatory effect on the growth and development, yield formation, and nitrogen utilization of ordered machine thrown late rice, while the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application in the later stage was relatively small.

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Effects of Different Exogenous Substances and Spraying Period on Panicle Characters, Yield and Quality of Rice in Tidal Flat ZHANG Jiao, HAN Jijun, CUI Shiyou, CHEN Pengjun, MIAO Yuanqing 2024, 30(2): 31-36.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (740KB) ( )   A field experiment was carried out in tidal flat of Jiangsu Province (the salt content in the soil is 1.11-1.26 g/kg) in 2021 to study the effects of different exogenous substances and spraying periods (2 times: tillering stage, booting stage and 3 times: tillering stage, booting stage, filling stage) on the panicle traits, yield and quality of rice, taking Nanjing 5055 as the test variety. Seven treatments were set up in the experiment, including spraying clean water (CK), spraying Hejiachun twice (L1-2), spraying Bihu twice (L2-2), spraying Naphthoacetic twice (L3-2), spraying Hejiachun three times (L1-3), spraying Bihu three times (L2-3), and spraying Naphthylacetic three times (L3-3). The results showed that spraying exogenous substances had the effect of improving rice yield. Compared with CK (the rice yield was 7 310.3 kg/hm2), L2-2, L2-3, L3-2, and L3-3 significantly increased rice yields by 17.69%, 17.80%, 11.62%, and 13.42%, while L1-2 and L1-3 increased rice yields by 6.66% and 7.09%, respectively, but the difference was not significant. However, spraying treatments had little effect on quality of rice. Spraying exogenous substances did not significantly affect the effective panicle number and seed setting rate of rice, but significantly increased the number of solid grains. L1-2, L2-2, L1-3 and L3-3 treatments significantly increased the number of grains per spike, while L2-2 and L2-3 treatments significantly increased the weight of 1 000 grains. Spraying exogenous substances did not significantly affect the number of branches, total number of grains, number of solid grains and seed setting rate of primary branches and stems of rice, but increased the number of branches, total number of grains, number of solid grains and seed setting rate of secondary branches of rice, and the contribution rate of secondary branches to grain number per panicle has generally increased. For the same exogenous substance, there was no significant difference in the effects of spraying twice and spraying three times on rice yield and panicle traits. The increase of rice yield under Bihu spraying treatment was mainly caused by the increase of grain number per panicle, solid grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight. The increase of grain number per panicle under Naphthoacetic spraying treatment was mainly caused by the increase of grain number per panicle and solid grain number per panicle, and the increase of grain number per panicle was mainly related to the increase of the number of secondary branches, the total number of grains and solid grain number of secondary branches. Therefore, when planting rice in the tidal flat in the future, we can improve the spike grain structure, especially the secondary branch characters, by spraying exogenous foliar fertilizer or plant growth regulators at the tillering stage and booting stage, so as to increase rice yield and income.

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Effects of Organic Fertilizer and Soil Conditioner Input on the Available Soil Heavy Metals Content and Cadmium Reduction in Rice HUANG Qina, DANG Hongyang, ZHANG Yan, LI Chunfu, LIN Guanghao, SHAO Guosheng, JI Weidong 2024, 30(2): 37-42.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (680KB) ( )   A field experiment was conducted in typical cadmium polluted farmland in Quzhou, Zhejiang, with Chunyou 84 and Zhongzheyou 8 as experimental materials, to study the effects of organic fertilizer and soil conditioner on pH and available state of heavy metal elements (Cd, Fe, Mn, Zn, etc.) in soil, and accumulation of heavy metal elements in rice plants (straw, grains), and their mechanism of reducing grain Cd accumulation. The results showed that single application of organic fertilizer (1.5 t/hm2) had no significant effect on the effective state of heavy metal elements in soil and the content of heavy metal elements in rice straw and grains. However, under the combined application of organic fertilizer (1.5 t/hm2) and soil conditioner (2.7 t/hm2), the soil pH increased, but the available state of heavy metals in the soil and the content of heavy metals in rice plants showed a downward trend. The available Cd content in soil decreased by 16.41% (DTPA extraction) and 48.96% (CaCl2 extraction), while the Cd content in rice straw and grains decreased by 40.04% and 48.22%, respectively. Stepwise regression and path analysis showed that the Cd content in rice straw and Cd availability in soil were significantly correlated with Cd content in grains. It can be seen that the application of soil conditioners reduces the available content of heavy metal elements in soil by increasing soil pH, with a particularly significant decrease in available Cd content, thereby regulating the accumulation of Cd in rice straw and grains. Therefore, it indicates that the tested soil conditioner can be promoted and applied in acidic soil areas, with the effect of increasing the pH of acidic soil and reducing the enrichment of Cd in rice.

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Analysis on Differences in Rice Quality between the Main Rice and Ratoon Rice under the Controlled Same Temperature Conditions KUANG Na, MIAO Xuexue, ZOU Dan, LIANG Yugang, TANG Qiyuan, FANG Baohua 2024, 30(2): 43-46.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (490KB) ( )   A potted experiment was conducted to explore the differences in rice quality between the main rice and ratoon rice by setting the same temperature, using the indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 4149 as the research material. The results showed that under high temperature condition, the brown rice percentage, milled rice percentage, head milled rice percentage, grain length, chalky rice rate, chalkiness degree, and amylose content of ratoon season rice were significantly higher than those of the main season rice. There was no significant difference in gel consistency between the two season rice. Under the suitable temperature condition, the milled rice percentage, head milled percentage and grain length of ratoon season rice were significantly higher than those of the main season rice. There was no significant difference in brown rice percentage, chalky rice rate, chalkiness degree, amylose content and gel consistency between the two season rice. The crude protein content in ratoon season rice were significantly lower than those in the main season rice under high temperature and suitable temperature conditions. Therefore, under the same conditions, compared with the main season rice, the milled rice quality and cooking taste quality of the ratoon season rice are better, but the nutritional quality is reduced.

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Research Progress on Quality Characteristics of Aquatic Products in Rice-Fishing Symbiosis LAN Yusi, FAN Guangyu, WU Shengjun 2024, 30(2): 47-50.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (468KB) ( )   Rice-fishing symbiosis is a new type of agricultural model that uses paddy wetland ecosystems to breed aquatic products in traditional paddy fields to achieve co-operation or rotation of rice and aquatic products. This model utilizes the mutually beneficial symbiosis between rice and aquatic products to reduce field pollution, reduce pests and diseases, and improve the material conversion efficiency of farmland ecosystems. In order to analyze the effects of rice-fishing symbiosis model on the quality of aquatic products and intestinal microorganisms, and promote the scientific development of rice-fishing comprehensive breeding, we discussed the nutrition, muscle quality and intestinal microorganisms of aquatic products, and laid a theoretical foundation for the high-quality sustainable development of rice-fishing comprehensive breeding industry.

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Study on the Current Status and Problems of New Rice Variety Protection and DUS Testing in the New Era LI Yangyang, LI Jian, ZHOU Xinxing, JING Ruonan, LI Dan, SUN Yawei, SU Yijun, HU Tingting, LIU Yaju 2024, 30(2): 51-56.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (820KB) ( )   We analyzed the applications and authorizations of new rice variety protection in China from 1999 to 2022, expounded the development status of new rice variety protection and DUS testing in China, analyzed the existing problems in the industry, and proposed the countermeasures and suggestions for strengthening the protection of new rice varieties and optimizing DUS testing, in order to provide beneficial reference for the protection of new rice varieties and the standardization of DUS testing in the new era in China.

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Application of GGE-biplot Based on R Language to Regional Trial of Rice Varieties JIANG Xiuying, MA Zuobin, WANG Qingxin, LV Jun, PAN Zhengyan, XIE Wenxiao, LI Jianguo, LI Yuedong, HAN Yong 2024, 30(2): 57-60.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (913KB) ( )   To accurately evaluate the stability and adaptability of rice varieties, we analyzed the yield data of 14 participating varieties from six mid-early experiment sites of Liaoning Province using GGE-biplot in 2019. The results showed that genotype, environment and interaction between genotype and environment influenced rice yield very significantly. The six pilot areas can be divided into three ecological types, and Yuanjing 2 performed the best in its respective ecological areas. Meifengdao 245, Jingyuan 2, and Fuhedao 258 were ideal varieties for this experiment due to their high-yielding ability and good stability. Among the experimental pilots, Kaiyuan Demonstration and Multiplication Farm had the strongest discrimination, Huanren Manchu Autonomous County Seed Management Station had the best representativeness, and Fushun Seed Management Station had good discrimination ability and strong representativeness, making it an ideal regional experimental site for this experiment group.

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Evolution and Direction of Rice Production and Market Distribution Pattern in Jiangsu Province CHEN Pin, LIU Xinyue, ZHANG Dan, ZHANG Zongli 2024, 30(2): 61-67.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (878KB) ( )   Rice production and circulation play an extremely important role in building and improving the food security system. Taking Jiangsu Province, known as the “first granary” in the Yangtze River Delta region, as an example, this article focused on the factors influencing rice circulation, such as the basic circulation， distribution channels, and brand influence. It particularly analyzed the evolution of the rice production structure and the domestic and foreign circulation pattern in Jiangsu Province, as well as the existing problems and development directions. The article proposed policy suggestions for promoting the orderly development of rice production and the construction of an efficient circulation system in Jiangsu Province, including optimizing the planting structure, variety structure, and product structure; leveraging the role of enterprise associations to strengthen the supervision of the rice market; improving the standard system for high-quality rice products and promoting standardized production; strengthening intellectual property protection and creating a favorable market environment; establishing a “price subsidy separation” system based on market-based pricing.

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The Connotation Definition, Generation Logic and Realization Path of “Planting the Same Late Rice Varieties in Early and Late Rice Season” Model in Double-Season Rice Areas: A Case Study of Jiangxi Province PENG Liulin, YU Yanfeng, YU Yongqi 2024, 30(2): 68-72.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (698KB) ( )   The key to stable grain production in double cropping rice areas lies in early rice. However, early rice production has long exhibited typical characteristics of “low quality and low efficiency” and “increasing yield without increasing income”, leading to a decrease in planting enthusiasm of farmers for planting, and the phenomenon of “double cropping rice to single cropping rice” or even “rice to cash crop” is prominent. Since the 13th Five Year Plan, Jiangxi has innovated and vigorously demonstrated the implementation of the “planting the same late rice varieties in early and late rice season” model, achieving significant results and promoting the high-quality and efficient development of early rice in double cropping rice areas. However, there were also difficulties and problems in the implementation, such as the lack of suitable varieties, the weak driving force from leading enterprises, the insufficient extension of the industrial chain, the lack of perfect supporting facilities and service support, and the degree of market acceptance to be improved. We therefore proposed the following countermesures and suggestions: accelerate the selection and breeding of suitable varieties for “late rice planted as early rice” and strengthen the demonstration and promotion of technology integration, deepen the construction of the agricultural industry chain and strengthen the driving role of leading enterprises, improve the construction of socialized service system for agricultural machinery, play the synergistic role of “competent government” and “effective market” to improve the market acceptance of the “planting the same late rice varieties in early and late rice season”.

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Risk Analysis of Raw Grain Quality from the Perspective of Supply Chain YI Meichen, LIU Chunyang 2024, 30(2): 73-77.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (626KB) ( )   The raw grain supply chain is an important part of the grain supply chain, and there are quality risks and wastage in various aspects of seed selection, planting, collection, drying, storage and sales (circulation). From the perspective of raw grain supply chain, this paper enumerated raw grain quality indicators and quality control links, analyzed the quality risks existing in different links and subjects, and put forward effective control of raw grain quality risks. Firstly, it was necessary to solve the raw grain quality risks from the breeding research and development side. Secondly, it was necessary to establish a quality risk prevention and control mechanism of raw grain supply chain led by the government and participated by the society. Thirdly, to speed up the development of relevant operating standards and technical specifications and deepen industrial applications.

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Production Status and Development Countermeasures of Ratoon Rice in Zhejiang Province TANG Zhenghao, LI Chengyong, ZHU Rongyi, CHEN Yong, ZHAO Guangwu, WANG Xiaomin 2024, 30(2): 78-81.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (611KB) ( )   Ratoon rice, characterized by one sowing and two harvests, saving seed and labor, reducing fertilizer and pesticide, increasing yield and efficiency, is the main production system to increase multiple cropping index and improve the total yield of rice. Zhejiang Province is an important rice production area in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. According to the types of cultivated varieties, the development of ratoon rice in Zhejiang Province was divided into three stages, namely, the initial stage of indica early rice, the transition stage of Yongyou1540, and the rapid development stage of Yongyou series varieties. Taking Quzhou City as an example, the planting area and yield of ratoon rice have been continuously improved in these three stages, and the production efficiency has been significantly improved compared with that of single cropping rice and double cropping rice. This paper further analyzed the development prospect and problems such as lack of technical system of high and stable yield, imbalance among agricultural machinery and agronomy, low support and lack of brand creation during the development of ratoon rice in Zhejiang Province, and put forward the corresponding development strategies, in order to provide reference for the transformation and upgrading of rice production system in Zhejiang Province.

Varieties & Technology

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Cluster analysis and Diversity Identification of Main Agronomic Traits and Quality Traits of 66 Approved Simiao Type Varieties in Guangxi Province WANG Qiang, LI Wei, LUO Tongping, TANG Mei, SUN Fu, CHEN Lei, HE Zhangjie, MO Hailing, HE Cong, LU Hongcong 2024, 30(2): 82-86.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (551KB) ( )   In order to clarify the agronomic traits and quality traits differences and degree of convergence of approved Simiao type varieties in Guangxi, 66 Simiao varieties approved in Guangxi from 2017 to 2023 were selected as materials to identify 18 main agronomic traits and quality traits, analyze phenotypic diversity, and perform cluster analysis among varieties. The results showed that these 66 varieties had abundant phenotypic diversity in agronomic traits and quality traits. Based on the Euclidean distance clustering of agronomic trait phenotypes and quality traits between varieties, it can be divided into 5 categories, the group I including 29 varieties with similar agronomic trait phenotypes and quality traits. This group includes two-line varieties, three-line varieties, and conventional rice varieties; the two line hybrid rice varieties have the highest phenotypic diversity and are distributed in various groups, while conventional rice varieties having the lowest phenotypic diversity and being basically clustered in the same major group. There are significant phenotypic differences in agronomic traits and quality traits between groups, and varieties with the same maternal or paternal parents are basically clustered into the same species, with short Euclidean distances between varieties. There can be a convergence of distant genetic relationships and similar agronomic traits and quality traits among breeding groups. The results can provide theoretical support for the combination breeding and promotion application of Guangxi Simiao type varieties.

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Research on Special Early Cultivation Techniques for High Yield in Early Rice Shunda 135 ZHANG Li, ZHOU Yuchen, LUO Gaoming, LIANG Yan, GU Shuhua, SHEN Jing, ZHANG Guoping 2024, 30(2): 87-90.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (521KB) ( )   Shunda 135 is a new early maturing conventional early indica rice variety bred by Shaoxing Shunda Seed Industry Co., Ltd. and China National Rice Research Institute. In order to fully utilize the advantages of early maturity and high yield of Shunda 135, a comparative experiment was conducted on different planting densities and fertilizer amounts under special early cultivation conditions (the sowing date is 10-15 days earlier than the traditional sowing date in Shaoxing). The results showed that planting density had a highly significant impact on the number of effective panicles and yield of Shunda 135, but the impact on the number of grains per panicle and seed setting rate did not reach a significant level. The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer levels and the interaction between nitrogen fertilizer levels and planting density on the effective panicle number, grain number per panicle, seed setting rate, and yield of Shunda 135 were not significant. The treatment with a planting density of 25 cm×14 cm and pure nitrogen application rate of 150 kg/hm2 had the highest actural yield, reaching 9 633.45 kg/hm2. In the demonstration in 2021 and 2022, under special early cultivation conditions, the yield of Shunda135 in large-scale demonstration square reached 10 563.00 kg/hm2 and 10 258.05 kg/hm2, respectively. Through two years of demonstration, the special early cultivation techniques for high yield of Shunda 135 have been summarized.

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Effect of Application of Herbicides at Different Dates in Controling Weeds in Mechanized Direct-seeded Rice ZHANG Jianping, YANG Yongjie, YU Xiaoyue, LU Yongliang, TANG Wei 2024, 30(2): 91-94.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (431KB) ( )   To develop the efficient and safe soil-applied herbicides in direct-seeded rice fields, a field test was conducted to evaluate the control efficiency of ethoxysulfuron on broadleaf weeds and sedge family weeds at different dates after sowing. The results showed that the germination and growth of broadleaf grass and sedge family weeds were effectively inhibited with weed control measure of synchronous seeding and spraying herbicides of ethoxysulfuron. And there was no negative influence on the rice seedling emergence rate after ethoxysulfuron treatment. However, the control effect on broadleaf grass decreased variedly when herbicides treatments containing of ethoxysulfuron were applied at 10 days or 15 days after sowing. All of poaceae weeds, sedge family weeds and broadleaf weed could be effectively controlled after treatment of 97.5 g a.i./hm2 0.65% penoxsulam·ethoxysulfuron controlled-release granules at 15 days after rice sowing, and the control efficiency of plant number reached over 90%. All these results suggested that ethoxysulfuron, as a soil-applied herbicide, should be applied earlier after rice sowing. But if the recommended application window was missed due to bad weather or other uncontrollable factors, the application of 97.5 g a.i./hm2 0.65% penoxsulam·ethoxysulfuron controlled-release granules or 112.5 g a.i./hm2 30% cyhalofop-butyl combined with 90 g a.i./hm2 30% penoxsulam·ethoxysulfuron treatment could also be a better choice to control most weeds in mechanized direct-seeded rice fields.

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Preliminary Study on Control of Chilo suppressalis by Nanopesticides ZHAI Jing, ZHAO Liwen, GAO Danna, XIE Shijie, XU Liaoyuan, WU Jiangxing 2024, 30(2): 95-97.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (480KB) ( )   In recent years, the occurrence of Chilo suppressalis in rice production in Ningbo has been increasing year by year. In order to clarify the control effects of nanopesticides on Chilo suppressalis, a field efficacy trial was conducted during the appropriate period for controlling Chilo suppressalis, the traditional formulation and the nano-preparation of Emamectin Benzoate, Spinetoram and Methoxyfenozide, Spinetoram and Tetraniliprole were selected as experimental reagents. The results showed that after 14 days of pesticide application, the dry heart and insecticide control effect of Emamectin Benzoate (nano-preparation) were above 80% and 85%, respectively, and the yield retention effect was better, with a recovery loss rate of 44% to 45%. The pest control effects and recovery loss rate of nanopesticides were significantly higher than those of traditional formulations.

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Effects of Nitrogen Management and Its Combined Application with Silica and Zinc Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Rice Variety Xiadao 1 NIE Xinxing, CHEN Chen, ZHANG Minmin, DUAN Xiaoli, HONG Jun, ZHOU Lei, CAO Wen, YANG Li 2024, 30(2): 98-101.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (438KB) ( )   In order to explore the cultivation technique for synergic improvement of yield and quality of indica rice Xiadao 1, three different nitrogen fertilizer management treatments combined with silicon and zinc fertilizer were set up under the nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/hm2, namely the nitrogen fertilization mass ratios of basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer, panicle fertilizer were 7∶3∶0, 5∶3∶2 and 3∶3∶4 (referred as N7+3+0, N5+3+2 and N3+3+4, respectively). The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application methods and its combination with silica and zinc fertilizer on yield and quality of Xiadao 1 were studied. The results showed that the overall trend of yield was ranked as N7+3+0 <N5+3+2≈N3+3+4. With the increasing proportion of nitrogen fertilizer in panicle fertilizer, the brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head rice rate of Xiadao 1 increased first and then decreased, but the gel consistency and protein content of polished rice were on the rise. Besides, the nitrogen fertilizer application significantly influenced the head rice rate, and the effect on the protein content reached an extremely significant level. Under the same nitrogen fertilizer application method, combined application of single silicon fertilizer and combined application of silicon and zinc fertilizer showed a certain yield increase effect, but the effect on rice quality index did not reach a significant level. In conclusion, the N5+3+2 treatment could realize the synergistic improvement of the yield and quality of Xiadao 1, and the combined application of silicon and zinc fertilizer is conducive to the further improvement of the yield.

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Breeding and Application of New High-quality Hybrid Late Indica Rice Combination Sexiangyoumingyuesimiao WANG Jie 2024, 30(2): 102-104.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (340KB) ( )   Sexiangyoumingyuesimiao is a hybrid new late indica rice combination with high-quality, bred by Jiangxi Tiandao Grain Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Guangxi Lvhai Seed Industry Co., Ltd and other units with the high-quality fragrant sterile line Sexiang A and the restoring line R mingyuesimiao. It was approved by the state, Jiangxi Province and Hunan Province in 2023. This article described the breeding process, characteristics, and key cultivation techniques and seed production techniques of this variety.

Varieties & Technology

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Study on Adaptability of Different Genotypes of Fragrant Rice Varieties in Conghua, Guangzhou HE Zhenzhen, ZHANG Yingying, DAI Lan, YI Wentao, YAO Xiangbin, PENG Ligong, MO Zhaowen, PAN Shenggang, TIAN Hua, DUAN Meiyang, QI Jianying, TANG Xianru 2024, 30(2): 105-107.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (440KB) ( )   To screen suitable fragrant rice varieties for planting in Conghua District, Guangzhou, we used six fragrant rice varieties as materials to investigate the yield and grain aroma (2-AP) content of each fragrant rice variety. The results showed that the yield of Ruanhuayoujinsi was the highest, with a yield of 548 kg/hm2, but there was no significant difference to Xiangyaxiangzhan, Qingliangyou 19 xiang, and Meixiangzhan 2. Xiangyaxiangzhan had the highest 2-AP content in grains, which was not significantly different from Qingxiangyou 19 xiang, but significantly higher than other varieties. The high 2-AP content of each variety was due to the high content of precursor substances such as proline, 1-pyrroline, and 1-pyrroline-5 carboxylic acid content in leaves and grains. Xiangyaxiangzhan, Qingliangyou 19 xiang, and Ruanhuayoujinsi could maintain high yields and 2-AP content in grains during planting in Conghua, which could provide good variety support for the development of the fragrant rice industry in Conghua.

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Breeding and Application of Glabrous and Soft Rice Variety Yueguang 518 XU Yufeng, YANG Xinyu, XU Jiefen, ZHU Banghui, ZHANG Qing, SHI Hui, ZENG Qiming, ZHU Xiaoyu 2024, 30(2): 108-111.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (489KB) ( )   Yueguang 518 is a premature late japonica rice variety jointly bred by Jiangsu (Wujin) Rice Research Institute and Jiangsu Yueqianfan Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., LTD. It is the first glabrous and soft rice variety approved by Jiangsu Province. Yueguang 518 showed the characteristics of smooth and less surface fur, strong resistance, good appearance of rice quality and good taste when planted along Jiangsu riverside and southern Jiangsu rice areas. The paper summarized the breeding process, main characteristics and the key cultivation techniques of Yueguang 518 planted in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in order to promote the planting of Yueguang 518 in Jiangsu Province and its surrounding areas.