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20 November 2023, Volume 29 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Special Thesis & Basic Research
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Special Thesis & Basic Research

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Advance and Prospect of Rice Genetics and Breeding Research in 2020—2022 in China ZHAN Xiaodeng, WANG Kai, CAO Liyong 2023, 29(6): 1-4.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (504KB) ( )   The paper overall reviewed the research progress of genetic rule, varieties breeding, seed industries of rice in 2020—2022 in China, briefly comparied the research difference in China and abroad, prospected the research trend and direction. In terms of research on the evolution of rice varieties, it was found that high yield, plant morphological dominance, and resistant haplotypes resistant to biological stress are critical factors for extensive area planting of primary types of indica rice, while early maturity and resistant haplotypes resistant to abiotic stress are vital factors for vast area planting of primary varieties of japonica rice; The world's first redesigned and rapidly domesticated tetraploid rice were created, achieving a breakthrough of "from 0 to 1" and opening up a new direction for crop breeding; An intelligent rice breeding navigation program has been developed, with great potential for application in the rapid cultivation of new rice varieties; Many new breeding theories and methods have been innovated, and several new breeding techniques have been invented. Over the past three years, 6 177 varieties (sterile male lines) have been bred and approved, 61.4% of which were bred by enterprises.

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Advances and Prospects in Several Hot Research Areas of Rice Cultivation in 2020—2022 in China ZHU Junlin, CHU Guang, ZHANG Xiufu 2023, 29(6): 5-9.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (643KB) ( )   This article reviewed the research progress in the field of rice cultivation in China in 2020 to 2022. It covers several hot research areas, including unmanned smart cultivation of rice, high-quality and high-yield green cultivation of rice, mechanized cultivation of regenerative rice, diversified and multi-seasonal planting in rice fields, integrated ecological cultivation and breeding in rice paddies, as well as low-carbon emission rice cultivation, and discussed the research difference in China and abroad, provided an outlook on the future development of the discipline in China. In recent 3 years, unmanned aerial seeding technology, unmanned land preparation technology, precision unmanned machine planting technology, precision unmanned fertilization technology, and intelligent remote control irrigation technology have been developed. Several new green and high-yield cultivation modes, such as aerobic rice cultivation technology, rice deep-side fertilization technology, rice dense planting and reduced nitrogen cultivation technology, rice double-cropping and direct-seeding technology, have been proposed, which have eased the contradiction between high yield and high efficiency, high yield and high quality, and land use and soil conservation, and coordinated the relationship between environmental factors and high yield, high quality, and safety. The goal of reducing the use of pesticides and fertilizers, saving water, resisting drought, and producing high-quality and green crops has been achieved. In the field of regenerated rice technology, the mechanical harvesting and ratoon rice high-yield and efficient cultivation technology model and the “four prevention and one increase” high-yield and efficient cultivation technology system for ratoon rice system have been established. Cultivation techniques such as selecting varieties with low stubble for mechanical harvesting and high stubble for manual harvesting, timely early sowing, furrow irrigation, secondary field baking, repeated application of sprouting-promoting fertilizer, and appropriate stubble height have been proposed. A diversified and efficient planting mode has been constructed, forming a new situation of “hierarchical planting, diversified crop matching, and efficient land use.” In the main rice-growing areas, new ecological rice-farming models such as rice-prawn, rice-turtle, rice-eel, and rice-crab have been explored and developed based on local conditions, promoting traditional rice-fish farming to a new stage of “promoting rice farming with fishing, stabilizing grain production and increasing efficiency, ensuring quality and safety, and protecting the ecological environment.” Selecting high-yielding and low-emission rice varieties and developing multiple related cultivation technologies can effectively reduce CH4 emissions from paddy fields.

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Research Progress and Prospect in Molecular Biology of Rice in China in recent Years CUI Yuanjiang, LV Yang, HU Haitao, WU Shiqiang, GUO Longbiao 2023, 29(6): 10-15.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (656KB) ( )   The paper overall reviewed the research progress of rice molecular biology in 2020-2022 in China, briefly comparied the research difference in China and abroad, prospected the research trend and direction. In recent 3 years, a rice pangenome and genome navigation system, RiceNavi,has been developed for QTN polymerizationand breeding route optimization. The Oryza super pangenome with the largest population size in plantsand fully annotated genomes has been constructed. Several nitrogen efficient genes have been identified and their molecular mechanism of nitrogen efficiency has been dissected. Expression of some genes can significantly increase rice yield under experimental conditions. Significant progress has also been made in the mechanism research of rice broad-spectrum disease resistance, temperature response, and salt-alkali resistance. In gene editing, a new polynucleotide targeted deletion system AFIDs (APOBEC-Cas9 fusion induced deletion systems) has been established, successfully achieving accurate and predictable polynucleotide deletion in rice and wheat genomes. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology,gene editing has produced many practical new materials. The rice apomixis material Fix2 (Fixation of hybrids 2) edited by a new gene increased the seed setting rate from 3.2% to 82%. The rice material knocked out the homologous gene GS3/AT1 can increase yield by about 22.4% in the field.

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Advances in Biological Control of Rice Diseases and Insect Pests ZHANG Xinxin, MING Ke, FENG Guozhong 2023, 29(6): 16-20.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (667KB) ( )   Biological control is a pollution-free, residue-free and safe control method for animals and humans. In order to meet the requirements of sustainable agricultural development and ensure the quality and safety of rice production, biological control is widely used in the control of rice diseases and insect pests. In this review, the definition of biological control is summarized, the research and application progress of biological control, such as pest natural enemy control, plant-derived pesticides, microbial agents and insect pheromones were reviewed, the existing problems and future research directions were prospected: making full use of biocontrol microbes to antagonize pathogens, giving full play to natural enemies of pests regulatory role, strengthening research and bio-pesticides product development and application. This review can provide the reference for further research and application of biological control of rice diseases and insect pests.

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Principle and Progress of CRISPR/Cas System in the Detection of Genetically Modified Plants and Their Products WANG Weixia, ZHU Tingheng, LAI Fengxiang, WAN Pingjun, WEI Qi, FU Qiang 2023, 29(6): 21-27.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1001KB) ( )   With the rapid development of genetically modified plants including transgenic and gene-edited plants, the related detection technologies are also facing more challenges, especially for gene editing products without the introduction of exogenous DNA, its detection is more difficult, and the traditional detection technology cannot be satisfied. The accessory nonspecific cleavage activity of different Cas proteins in the CRISPR-Cas-based detection system is widely used in the field of molecular detection. It can be combined with LAMP and RPA isothermal amplification to achieve accurate and rapid on-site detection, even for single gene editing products for nucleotide mutations. However, the application of the detection system in the detection of plant genetically modified products has just started. This paper reviews the principle of the detection system and its application in genetically modified plants and their products.

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Indoor Bacteriostatic Effects of 16 Fungicides against Three Pathogenic Bacteria from Rice HOU Yuxuan, YU Lin, LI Yang, CHEN Jianghua 2023, 29(6): 28-32.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (575KB) ( )   In recent years, rice leaf diseases caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Pantoea ananatis and Enterobacter asburiae respectively, are emerging and prevalent. It is urgent to screen effective fungicides for accurate controlling these bacterial diseases infecting rice leaf. In this study, the plate inhibition zone method was used to measure the bacteriostatic activity of 16 fungicides against three above pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that five antibiotics, including 40% streptomycin, 80% ethylicin, 3% zhongshegnmycin, 35% quinolone-copper tetramycin and 6% priminomycin had the significant bacteriostatic effect on three pathogenic bacteria. Among them, 80% ethoallicin (10 000 mg/L) showed the best bacteriostatic effect on Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae isolate FY517, and the inhibition zone was 22.2 mm. Otherwise, 40% streptomycin (10 000 mg/L) had the best inhibitory effect on Pantoea ananatis isolate SX1 and Enterobacter asburiae isolate HZ27, and the inhibition zone was 27.8 mm and 24.2 mm, respectively.

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Effect of Increasing the Application of Biochar on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Yield of Late Rice under Low Temperature Stress at Filling Stage LONG Junjiang, ZHU Mengyang, ZHOU Dingxiang, GUO Zhangliang, XU Huaqin, TONG Zhijun 2023, 29(6): 33-38.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (598KB) ( )   Hunan is the main production area of double cropping rice in China. The extreme low temperature weather that may occur during the filling stage of late rice will cause rice yield reduction. In order to clarify the effect of increasing the application of biochar application on antioxidant enzyme activity and yield of late rice under low temperature at filling stage, a pot experiment was carried out with the rice variety Taiyou 390 and Xiangwanxian 1 as materials. The experiment set up three fertilization treatments and two temperature treatments at filling stage. Fertilization treatment includes conventional fertilization (NPK), conventional fertilization+increased application of biochar with 5% of soil weight (NPK+BC), and conventional fertilization+increased application of chemical fertilizer with the same amount of N, P, K contained in biochar (NPK+). The temperature treatments during the filling period are normal temperature (environment temperature) and low temperature (daily average temperature 17 ℃). The results showed that, compared with normal temperature at filling stage, the yield of Taiyou 390 and Xiangwanxian 1 decreased by 35.85% and 27.70% respectively at low temperature. The yield of the two rice varieties decreased in the order of NPK+BC<NPK<NPK+, and there were significant differences. Under low temperature stress at filling stage, the decrease of yield was very significantly negatively correlated with seed setting rate, but not significantly correlated with effective panicle number and grain number per panicle. Compared with normal temperature at filling stage, POD, CAT activity and MDA content in flag leaves and roots of Taiyou 390 and Xiangwanxian 1 increased under low temperature stress. At low temperature during filling stage, the activities of POD, SOD and CAT in flag leaves and roots of the two rice varieties were significantly higher in NPK+BC treatment than in NPK and NPK+ treatments. In conclusion, the low temperature stress at the filling stage led to the reduction of the yield of late rice, but the increasing the application of biochar could reduce the yield loss, which might be related to the increase of seed setting rate and antioxidant enzyme activity of late rice under low temperature stress at the filling stage.

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Effects of Three Maillard Reaction Precursors on the Decomposition of Rice Straw and Its Humus Composition BAI Chengxin, GAO Jiacong, ZENG Meng, ZHAO Hongbo, ZHAO Xin, WANG Shuai, WANG Nan 2023, 29(6): 39-43.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (643KB) ( )   The promotion effect of exogenous addition of Maillard precursors on rice straw decomposition process was evaluated from the perspective of humus composition in view of the stimulating effect of Maillard reaction precursors on the humus formation during rice straw decomposition. In this study, the indoor culture method was adopted, rice straw serving as the basic material based on the exogenous addition of three Maillard precursors (Catechol, Cat; Glucose, Glu; Glycine, Gly). The change of humus composition revealed the different effects of each precursor on the decomposition process of rice straw. The results showed that, the total organic C (TOC) content of Cat, Glu, Gly treatment and CK showed a decreasing trend with the extension of cultivation time, and the addition of three Maillard reaction precursors all promoted the mineralization of TOC, among which the effect of glucose was the most, making the TOC content decreased by 22.9%. After the culture, each treatment was beneficial to the increase of C content of humic-extracted acid (CHE) and the complication of humic-extracted acid (HE) molecular structure. The addition of catechol could increase CHE the most (475.4%), followed by the glucose, and glycine made the molecular complexity of HE the highest. The addition of three kinds of Maillard reaction precursors could increase the C content of humic-acid (CHA) and improve the humus quality. In contrast, among the Maillard reaction precursors, the glucose was more favorable in increasing the CHA content and improving the humus quality. To sum up, the glucose had more advantages in promoting the mineralization and decomposition of rice straw, improving the CHA content in the decomposition process of rice straw and improving the humus quality. The catechol was more conducive to the improvement of CHE content, while the glycine was more likely to promote the complication of HE molecular structure.

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Research Progress of Lodging Characters and Lodging Resistance Pathways in Rice LIU Jiaxin, WU Zhouzhou, ZHOU Chanchan, A Na, LI Yimeng, WANG Shu 2023, 29(6): 44-48.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (758KB) ( )   Lodging is a common problem in rice production, which not only restricts the high and stable yield as well as fine quality of rice, but also reduces the efficiency of mechanized rice harvesting. This paper reviewed the lodging types of rice, the relationships of lodging with root morphology, culm morphology, culm anatomical structure and chemical composition. Furthermore, the lodging resistance pathways in rice were put forward from four aspects: breeding resistant varieties, optimizing cultivation methods, strengthening field management and applying chemical control technology, and finally the summary and prospects were made.

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Study on Rice Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence and Related Problems in Direct Seeding Production ZHENG Guangjie, TAO Yi, SHEN Xinglian, YE Chang, XU Yanan, CHU Guang, XU Chunmei, WANG Danying 2023, 29(6): 49-55.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (827KB) ( )   The seedling emergence process of rice includes the stages of seed imbibition, protrusion, germination and seedling establishment, involving physiological and biochemical activities such as seed cell activation and repair, material decomposition and metabolism, and energy metabolism, and its regulatory network is very complex. Based on a brief introduction to the process of seed germination and seedling emergence, and its physiological and biochemical activities, this paper analyzed the factors that affect the germination and emergence of seeds, and put forward the problems related to seed germination and emergence in rice production, including the problem of whole seedling of direct-seeding rice troubled when it encountered flooding and low temperature stress at seedling stage.

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Effects of Water Management Pattern on Productive Efficiency During Paddy Rice-crayfish Co-culture Mode XU Rong, HAN Guangming, YANG Ting, KOU Xiangming, WU Liming, MA Linjie, ZHANG Chenxin, WANG Shouhong 2023, 29(6): 56-60.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (645KB) ( )   Two water management modes, namely, “alternating dry and wet” (RC) and “long-term deep water irrigation” (RS), were established in 2020 and 2021 to explore the effects of different water management modes on rice nitrogen use efficiency, rice quality and yield, crayfish yield and size distribution under rice shrimp co cropping mode. The results showed that compared with RC treatment, RS treatment had a trend to reduce rice nitrogen use efficiency and rice quality. In 2021, the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and amylose content of RS treatment were significantly lower than those of RC treatment, the protein content was significantly higher than that of RC treatment, and the comprehensive score of taste value was slightly lower than that of RC treatment (p>0.05). In the experiments in 2020 and 2021, the actual grain yield of RS treatment exceeded the stable yield target of 7.5 t/hm2, and the difference with RC treatment is not significant. In addition, RS treatment could effectively increase the total yield and the yield which individual weight over 35 g（112.51%-115.56%、261.76%-450.09%） by significantly increasing the average weight and decreasing the volatility of individual weight（34.18%-42.64%、4.84%-32.37%）. Therefore, the“long-term deep water irrigation” mode not only ensure stable yield of rice but also improve the economic benefits of crawfish culture.

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Interactive Effects of Different Fertility Levels and Nitrogen Application Rates on Methane Emissions in Early and Late Season of Red Soil Rice Fields JIA Zhen, FU Wentao, WANG Haiyuan, CHEN Jin, ZENG Yongjun, HUANG Shan 2023, 29(6): 61-66.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (626KB) ( )   Soil fertility and nitrogen (N) rates are important factors affecting methane (CH4) emissions from rice fields, but the interactive effects between them is not clear. It is of great significance to clarify the effects of nitrogen application rates on CH4 emissions in paddy fields under different soil fertility to improve the accuracy of CH4 emission inventory and CH4 emission model in paddy fields. Based on the content of soil organic matter, three soil organic matter gradients (low, medium, and high) were selected, and four nitrogen application rates(0, 90, 150 and 210 kg/hm2) were set to study the interaction effects of soil fertility and nitrogen application rates on CH4 emissions from red soil rice fields. The results showed that, in the early rice season, compared with the low fertility paddy field, the CH4 emissions from the middle and high fertility paddy fields were significantly reduced by 115.7% and 32.4%, respectively; compared with N0 treatment, the CH4 emission in N90 treatment significantly increased by 36.0%, while in N150 and N210 treatment significantly decreased by 32.9% and 55.0%, respectively. In the late rice season, compared with the low fertility paddy field, the CH4 emission in the medium fertility paddy field increased by 40.0%, while in the high fertility paddy field had an increasing trend, but the difference was not significant; the CH4 emission of N90 treatment increased significantly by 46.4% compared with N0 treatment, and there was no significant difference between N0 , N150 and N210 treatment. Under low fertility conditions, compared with N0 treatment, the annual CH4 emissions of N90 treatment significantly increased 82.8% while N150 and N210 treatment had no significant difference; under medium and high fertility conditions, there was no significant difference in annual CH4 emission among different nitrogen application treatments. Soil fertility and nitrogen application rates had significant interaction effects on CH4 emissions in early and annual rice season, but had no significant interaction effects on CH4 emissions in late rice season.

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Research Progress on the Effects of Timely Harvest on Yield and Quality of Japonica Rice in China and Japan XU Jie, SHI Hao, YANG Liu, LIU Houqing, BAO Chunhui, MA Yunzhao, WU Wenfu 2023, 29(6): 67-72.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (939KB) ( )   This paper compared the current situation of rice harvesting in China and Japan, and summarized the research progress on the effects of harvesting time on rice yield and quality in recent years. It was found that the harvest time was closely related to rice yield, processing, taste, nutrition and other quality. Taking China and Japan as representatives, this paper summarized the key points for judging the timely harvest of rice, such as the days after heading, accumulated temperature, yellowing rate, rice moisture, etc, and summarized some modern and convenient tools and methods used to determine the timely harvest time of rice. It is expected to provide farmers and rice processing enterprises with theoretical basis and reference methods for timely harvest of rice, and further improve the yield and quality of rice.

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Variety Innovation and Brand Building of High Quality Long Grain Indica Rice in Hubei Province WAN Bingliang, DU Xueshu, XU Huashan, CHEN Shaoyu, YOU Aiqing 2023, 29(6): 73-78.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (672KB) ( )   Hubei is one of the main rice producing areas in China. In the long-term historical evolution of rice cultivation, it had gradually formed regional variety characteristics characterized by high-quality long-grain indica rice. With the goal of building a regional brand of Hubei long-grain indica rice, this paper reviewed the development process of Hubei high-quality rice industry, analyzed the problems existing in the industrial development, expounded the regional characteristics of Hubei long-grain indica rice varieties, and put forward some suggestions for building the regional brand of ‘Hubei Long-grain Indica’. Based on the analysis of the present situation and existing problems of Hubei high-quality rice variety innovation, we put forward the variety innovation idea of Hubei long-grain indica rice in order to provide reference for Hubei high-quality rice variety breeding and Hubei high-quality rice industry chain construction.

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Breeding Strategy and Practice of Conventional Rice with High Nitrogen Efficiency, High Yield and High Quality in Guangxi LIU Guanglin, LI Hu, WU Zishuai, LUO Qunchang, ZHU Qinan, CHEN Chuanhua 2023, 29(6): 79-82.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (641KB) ( )   At the beginning of the 21st century, the main high-quality conventional rice varieties in Guangxi generally showed the problems of relatively short plants with low biological yield, small and medium panicle type with fewer grains per panicle, thin and short grain type with lighter thousand grain weight, which led to low yield. The nitrogen fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase demanded in rice production. In view of the above situation, we proposed a breeding strategy of conventional rice with high nitrogen efficiency, high yield and high quality, focused on reshaping plant type, panicle type and grain type, optimizing parent selection, alternating recurrent breeding under normal water and fertilizer and low nitrogen conditions, so as to realize the high coordination and unity of nitrogen utilization, yield and quality. Using this strategy, we bred some conventional rice varieties such as Guiyu 9 with high nitrogen efficiency, high yield and high quality. The achievements of Guiyu 9 and other varieties as the core were awarded the second prize of Guangxi Science and Technology Progress Award in 2022. In the next step, we will strengthen the application of molecular marker-assisted selection technology in the selection of nitrogen-efficient traits, and strengthen the breeding research of disease resistance, insect resistance, aroma and drought tolerance on the basis of high nitrogen efficiency, high yield and high quality.

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Studies on the Selection of Rice Varieties for Ecological Planting and Breeding of Rice-Ducking in Hunan Province WANG Ren, HUANG Huang, CHEN Can, MA Weiwei, MA Yunjun, ZHANG Yin, MA Xuehu, LUO Yucong, CHEN Liechen, LUO Mingde 2023, 29(6): 83-86.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (396KB) ( )   As a traditional agricultural production mode, rice-duck integrated farming has developed rapidly in Hunan. In order to screen rice varieties suitable for ecological cultivation of rice-ducking in Hunan, 17 high-quality rice varieties collected be tested and displayed in Changsha County in 2021. The results showed that the rice yield, milled rice yield, chalky grain rate, chalkiness, grain grass ratio and harvest index of Yueliangyou Meixiangxingzhan were 8.69 t/hm2, 5.90 t/hm2, 2.75%, 0.8%, 1.08 and 0.52 respectively. And its plant height was moderate, and there was no lodging situation when encountering strong winds. Yueliangyou Meixiangxingzhan can be the main promoted rice variety for the rice-duck integrated farming mode in Hunan Province. The three varieties of Xiangyuezhan, Yueliangyou Yuzhan, Dunliangyou 900 can be used as suitable rice varieties for rice-duck integrated farming mode.

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Improve the Minimum Purchase Price Policy for Rice and Continue to Enhance China Ability to Ensure Food Security ZHENG Hongming, ZHENG Pinhui 2023, 29(6): 87-91.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (640KB) ( )   The implementation of minimum purchase price policy in China has played an important role in increasing farmers' grain yield, promoting grain production and safeguarding national food security since its implantation. However, there existed certain deficiencies in the later implementation such as a decrease in the role of ensuring farmers' rice planting profits, stagnant rice production, difficulty in eliminating inventory rice, and heavy financial burden and so on. Therefore, it need to continuously improve the floor price policy and stimulate the production of quality rice particularly, which can enable the policy rice to be well purchased, managed and sold, thus controlling the policy rice inventory scale and cutting down the subsidies. And the positivity of the farmers can be protected, while a new balance between rice production and the market operation can be built, which will ultimately make new contributions to food security in China.

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Characteristics and Key Points of Scaled Seedling Raising Technology with Double Layer Cover and Thermal Insulation in Early Rice Machine Transplantation ZHONG Lehui, YANG Xianglin, XU Liangzhi, CHENG Jianbao, YI Xifang, ZENG Yuexiang, WANG Zhihui, LIU Zhiqing, CHENG Legeng 2023, 29(6): 92-94.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (584KB) ( )   After years of large-scale centralized seedling cultivation experiments and demonstrations, a new technology of large-scale seedling raising with double layer covering and thermal insulation in the middle arch of early rice machine transplanting has been gradually explored. The new technology has the characteristics of cost saving and pollution reduction, high efficiency and practicality, and scale efficiency. The new technology could save nearly 6 000 yuan per 667 m2 compared with the greenhouse seedling cultivation, increase the utilization rate of the seedling field by 100% compared with the mud bamboo arch covering seedling cultivation, and increase the efficiency of seedling collection by about 30%, which is worthy of popularization and application in the large-scale seedling cultivation of early rice mechanical transplanting.

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Effect of Low-temperature Hardening Treatment with Tray Overlapping on Seedling Quality of Early Season Rice ZHANG Qiuling, ZHU Defeng, CHEN Huizhe, ZHANG Yuping, XIANG Jing, ZHANG Yikai, WANG Yaliang 2023, 29(6): 95-98.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (467KB) ( )   The effect of low-temperature hardening with tray overlapping on the quality of seedling in film overlay and open-air seedling raising was explored with the early rice variety Zhongjiazao 17 as the experimental material. The results showed that under open-air seedling raising condition, compared to the treatment without low-temperature hardening, the seedling rate of low-temperature hardening treatment increased by 8.8%, and the seedling quality was also higher, the chlorophyll content of seedlings of open-air seedling raising 15 d and 30 d treatments increased 8.7% and 37.1%, the dry weight increased 23.2% and 12.5%, and the seedling fullness increased 15.5% and 6.9%, respectively. Under the condition of film overlay raising, compared with no low-temperature hardening, the effect of low-temperature hardening on the seedling rate was not significant, but the chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation of the seedlings showed a downward trend. The results provide technical reference for early rice seedling rasing to alleviate low-temperature damage.

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Research on Key Techniques of Mechanical Harvesting of Hybrid Rice to Reduce Rice Yield Loss XU Fuxian, GAO Shangqing, KONG Xiaoqian, XU Wei, WU Yanxiang, XU Lin, WEI Lin, XIAO Pengfei, SHE Hengzhi, CHEN Kai, GONG Fei, JIANG Peng, ZHANG Lin, GUO Xiaoyi, LIU Mao 2023, 29(6): 99-102.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (497KB) ( )   The hybrid medium rice varieties Chuanyou 6203, nei6you 1787, nei6you 107 and Tianyouhuazhan were used as materials in 2019—2022 to study the effects of nitrogen application methods, plant wetting before machine harvest, harvested plant height and air exhaust strength on the yield loss rate of machine harvested rice in order to reduce the yield loss of machine harvested rice, and integrate the machine harvest loss reduction technology for multi-point and large-area comparative demonstration. The results showed that the rice loss rate of “base fertilizer ∶ ear fertilizer∶ grain fertilizer =6∶2∶2” was only 2.51%, significantly lower than those of “base fertilizer ∶ tiller fertilizer ∶ ear fertilizer=5∶3∶2” and “base fertilizer ∶ tiller fertilizer =7∶3”. Spraying 1 500 kg and 3 000 kg of clean water per hm2 resulted in a loss rates of 9.30% and 16.39% respectively, which was significantly higher than without spraying clean water treatment(5.17%). No matter what kind of rice varieties, the rice loss rate was the lowest when the length from the cutting stem to the spike top is about 80 cm. The rice yield were no significant difference between the low wind and the traditional manual semi-automatic harvesting, both of which were significantly higher than the medium and high wind harvest. The regional comparison and demonstration of the integrated machine harvesting loss reduction technology with the above best experimental treatment as the core shows that the average rice loss is only 208.5 kg/hm2, which reduces the rice loss by 367.5 kg/hm2 compared with the existing machine harvesting technology in a large area, and the loss reduction effect is remarkable.

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Study on Full Mechanized Seed Production Technology with High Yield and Efficienty of Japonica Hybrid Rice Shenyou 28 CHENG Can, CAO Liming, ZHU Jianhua, KUANG Huiyun, WANG Zaiman, NIU Fu’an, ZHOU Jihua, CHU Huangwei, ZHANG Anpeng, DENG Hongzhong, LUO Zhongyong, ZHANG Kehong, SUN Bin 2023, 29(6): 103-106.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (473KB) ( )   Shenyou 28 is a new three-line japonica hybrid rice combination developed by combining BT-type male sterile line Shen21A and restorer line Shenhui 26-28. During the seed production process of Shenyou 28, a high level of meeting between parents at flowering period were obtained by regulating the growth and development process of both parents. We studied the effects of different row ratios and row spacing of female parent on the yield of Shenyou 28 seed production under the condition of both male and female parents being mechanically transplanted, and the effects of different plant spacing of female parent on the yield of Shenyou 28 seed production under the condition of all-in-one machine of male parent machine transplanted (line spacing of 25 cm) and female parent machine direct seeding (line spacing of 20 cm). The results showed that under the condition of parents both mechanically transplanted, the seed production yield was higher when the row ratio of parents was 2∶8-10, and the row spacing was 25 cm×14 cm. Under the condition of male parent machine transplanted and female parent machine direct seeding, the seed production yield was higher when the plant spacing of 16 cm. Optimizing the cultivation methods mentioned above can ensure high yield and efficiency in hybrid japonica rice seed production.

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Performance and Cultivation Techniques of Meixiangzhan 2 as Machine-harvested Low Stubble Ratooning Rice in Northern Guangdong HU Xiangyu, HUANG Zhenbiao, ZHONG Xuhua, LIANG Kaiming, PAN Junfeng, LIU Yanzhuo, FU Youqiang, HU Rui, LI Meijuan, YE Qunhuan 2023, 29(6): 107-109.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (365KB) ( )   Meixiangzhan 2 is a high-quality Simiao rice variety with the largest planting area in Guangdong Province. It has the characteristics of high quality, strong regeneration ability and wide adaptability. This paper summarized the planting performance of Meixiangzhan 2 as machine-harvested low stubble ratooning rice in northern Guangdong from 2018 to 2021. In ratooning season, Meixiangzhan 2 had a growth period of 84~89 days, and the effective accumulated temperature from harvest of the early season to the heading stage of the ratooning season was 893 ℃~1 092 ℃. The grain yield of ratoon rice was 293.5~343.0 kg/667 m2, amounting to 69.1%~74.6% of that of early season. In 2021, the total cost investment and economic benefit of early rice-ratooning rice mode was 1 974.5 yuan/667 m2 and 824.3 yuan/667 m2, respectively. Compared with the single-season rice, the yield of ratooning rice mode increased 328.0 kg/667 m2, and the economic benefit increased 740.3 yuan/667 m2, respectively. Compared with the double cropping rice, early rice-ratooning rice mode decreased the total grain yield by 57.0 kg/667 m2, but saved the total cost investment by 582.5 yuan/667 m2, and increased the economic benefit by 377.3 yuan/667 m2. This paper also summarized the key cultivation techniques of Meixiangzhan 2 as machine-harvested low stubble ratooning rice, in order to provide reference for high-yield cultivation of mechanically harvested ratooning rice in South China.

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Comparison of the Effects of Pot-seedling and Carpet-Seedling Mechanically Transplanted under Different Sowing Dates and Transplanting Dates of Continuous Cropping Late Rice JIANG Libin, WANG Zhigang, WANG Qinxia, ZHANG Xianping, ZHU Weijun, QIN Yebo, WANG Honghui 2023, 29(6): 110-113.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (341KB) ( )   A comparative experiment was carried out on pot-seedling and carpet-seedling mechanically transplanted under different sowing dates and transplanting dates of continuous cropping late rice in order to improve the production efficiency and yield of continuous cropping late rice. The results showed that, the quality of pot-seedling was better than that of carpet-seedlings under the same sowing conditions. Under the same sowing and planting period, compared with the carpet-seedling mechanically transplanted, the duration from sowing to heading of pot-seedling mechanically transplanted was shorter, the full heading period was advanced, but the whole growth period was basically the same. The yield of pot-seedling mechanically transplanted was significantly higher than that of carpet-seedling mechanically transplanted, with an average increase of about 150 kg/667 m2. In the same way of seedling raising and transplanting, with the postponement of sowing dates and transplanting dates, the seed setting rate decreased, and the yield increased first and then decreased. The B2 treatment (seeding on July 2 and transplanting on July 30) had the highest yield, and the pot-seedlings mechanically transplanted could be planted later than the carpet-seedlings mechanically transplanted. According to the local production practice of Wenling County, the transplanting of continuous cropping late rice should be completed before the beginning of autumn in order to achieve high yield.

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High-yielding Seed Production Techniques of Hybrid Rice Shuangliangyou 132 with High Quality SUN Pingyong, SHU Fu, LI Tianchun, XU Guodong, ZHANG Wuhan, HE Qiang, DENG Huafeng 2023, 29(6): 114-115.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (377KB) ( )   A high-quality two-line hybrid rice combination Shuangliangyou 132 was bred by Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center derived from the cross between Shuang 1S and Shuanghui 32, which was approved by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2020. On September 21, 2022, experts from Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences and other units conducted investigation and production measurement on the seed production demonstration area of Shuangliangyou 132 in Jianning County, Fujian Province, and the yield reached 6 886.05 kg/hm2, achieving a large-scale yield breakthrough in hybrid rice seed production. This paper summarized the characteristics of the male and female parent of the combination, and the key points of high-yield seed production techniques of Shuangliangyou 132, which provided guidance for seed production.

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Breeding and Utilization of Indica Thermo-sensitive Genic Male Sterile Line 7011S with Wide Adaptability in Rice CONG Xihan, RUAN Xinmin, SHI Fuzhi, DU Hongyang, LUO Yanchang, LUO Yuxiang, LUO Zhixiang 2023, 29(6): 116-118.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (298KB) ( )   7011S is a new indica type thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line, bred by the Rice Research Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences derived from the cross of 1892S and Gumei 4. It has the characteristics of good plant type, high chlorophyll content, strong tillering ability, low critical temperature of fertility alteration, high outcrossing rate, high combining ability, wide adaptability and so on. It was registered by the Anhui Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2019. The new two-line hybrid indica rice combination Liangyou 7002, developed by crossing 7011S as the female parent and R202 as the male parent, has the characteristics of high quality, high yield, and stress resistance. It was approved by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2022.