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20 July 2022, Volume 28 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Special Thesis & Basic Research
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Special Thesis & Basic Research

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Research Progress on Effect of Root Surface Iron Plaque on Rice Phosphorus Absorption XIAO Deshun, XU Ran, WANG Danying, CHEN Song, CHU Guang, LIU Yuanhui, ZHANG Xiufu, XU Chunmei 2022, 28(4): 1-5.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (568KB) ( )   The effect of phosphorus （P） on rice growth is next to that of nitrogen. The P content in soil is rich, but the active P which can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants is very low because of its solubility and high adsorption capacity of soil. Root iron plaque has a strong adsorption effect on P in the soil, to some extent, it is the nutrient pool of the plant, and P in iron plaque is an important source of P absorbed by plants. There have been many reports on the relationship between root surface iron membrane and P absorption, but whether it promotes or inhibits P absorption is complicated. In this paper, the cause of iron plaque formation on rice root surface, the adsorption and desorption capacity of P, and the effect of iron plaque on rice P absorption and utilization were reviewed. Some suggestions on the regulation mechanism of iron plaque on rice P absorption were put forward, meanwhile, the application prospects of the iron plaque on the root regulating P uptake in rice were prospected.

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Advances in Research and Application of Fertilization Related to Cadmium Contamination in Rice ZHANG Yan, WANG Honghang, HUANG Qina, YU Linfei, SHAO Guosheng, JIANG Jianfeng 2022, 28(4): 6-11.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (692KB) ( )   Fertilization is a measure to stimulate the agricultural production. In rice production situation people always pay more attention to the macroelement fertilizers such as nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K), but ignore the trace elements such as iron(Fe), manganese(Mn), zinc(Zn) and so on. It was found that fertilization can affect the morphological changes of cadmium in the soil and the accumulation of cadmium in rice. In this paper, the main mechanism of N, P, K, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Si and organic fertilizers affecting the accumulation of cadmium in rice were described, the research progress of fertilization regulation of cadmium accumulation in rice were reviewed. It is aimed to provide theoretical basis for optimizing the application of fertilization to reduce Cd pollution, which leads to the realization of rice safety production more effectively.

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Analysis of the Effect of China Ecological Technology on Improving Rice Quality CHEN Can, JIAO Wenxian, YUAN Jiao, HUANG Huang 2022, 28(4): 12-18.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (831KB) ( )   In this paper, the effects of rational cultivation measures, farming methods, ecological breeding of paddy fields and ecological regulation of heavy metals in soil on rice quality were analyzed. The results showed that, the rational application of various ecological technologies improved the ecological environment of paddy fields to varying degrees, and made rice in a suitable growth state, thus improving the overall quality of rice. The formation mechanism of rice quality is very complex, and applying ecological technology to improve rice quality is an effective way to produce green, high-quality and safe rice. In the process of rice production, selecting high-quality rice varieties, making comprehensive use of climate, soil, cultivation and other factors, and to scientifically coupling various eco-technologies and giving full play to the advantages of technical groups, can achieve high-quality, high-yield, efficient and sustainable development of rice production.

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Current Situation and Countermeasures of Quality Breeding of Japonica Rice in Heilongjiang Province LIU Lichao, XIE Shupeng, MEN Longnan, WEI Zhonghua, SUN Zhonghua, ZONG Tianpeng, FU Qiang, DONG Xiaohui, WANG Cuiling 2022, 28(4): 19-22.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (467KB) ( )   This paper reviewed the current situation of japonica rice breeding in Heilongjiang Province, especially the quality breeding of japonica rice, and analyzed the existing problems in breeding. In view of the problems that the shortage of high-quality japonica rice varieties of national standard 1, few varieties of high-quality long-grain fragrant rice, shortage of nutritional functional japonica rice varieties, and the resistance to high cold and lodging still need to be improved, we put forward relevant countermeasures, such as vigorously breeding high-quality long-grain fragrant rice varieties, and new varieties of japonica rice with high quality, nutrition and high yield, improving the eating quality, high-cold resistance and stress resistance of new varieties.

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Protection Status, Existing Problems and Countermeasures of Dongxiang Wild Rice Germplasm Resources ZHAO Junjie, FEI Dan, CHEN Ping, YAN Song, XU Jun 2022, 28(4): 23-26.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (608KB) ( )   Through a field survey of Dongxiang wild rice germplasm resources, combined with the on-site monitoring results of Dongxiang wild rice in situ conservation area, the protection status and existing problems of Dongxiang wild rice germplasm resources are analyzed, and the countermeasures for further protection and utilization are put forward. It provides a reference for better carrying out the protection, research and utilization of Dongxiang wild rice germplasm resources.

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Quality Analysis of High Quality Japonica Rice Varieties at Home and Abroad WANG Cuiling, DAI Changjun, WANG Jing, ZHANG Ruiying, LI Wan, ZHANG Bochao, WANG Chunyu 2022, 28(4): 27-29.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (323KB) ( )   In order to excavate the resources of high-quality japonica rice varieties and explore the best value of the quality indicators of high-quality japonica rice, a total of 750 batches of domestic and foreign high-quality japonica rice were collected and analysed for quality, and the correlation between appearance quality, physicochemical quality and sensory quality. The results showed that the quality of these japonica rice was generally good, and the coefficient of variation in each index showed the order of chalkiness > gel consistency > amylose content > protein content > moisture > taste value. Correlation analysis showed that the taste value was significantly positively correlated with chalkiness and amylose content, and was extremely significantly negatively correlated with protein content. Chalkiness has a very significant positive correlation with amylose. Amylose content has a very significant positive correlation with gel consistency, a significant positive correlation with protein content, and a very significant negative correlation with moisture. The protein content has a very significant positive correlation with the gel consistency and moisture. In this study, the suitable values for the quality indicators of high-quality japonica rice are: chalkiness 0-2%, protein content 6%-8%, amylose content 16%-18%, gel consistency 80-86 mm, moisture 13%-15%.

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Research Progress on Canopy Light Energy Utilization for High-yield and High-efficiency Rice XIAO Zhilin, GU Hanzhu, ZHANG Hao 2022, 28(4): 30-34.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (577KB) ( )   By exploring the biological potential of crops, rather than relying too much on large amounts of input of water and fertilizer, it is an important way to realize the synergistic improvement of crop yield and resource utilization efficiency （high yield and high efficiency）. Rice yield mainly depends on photosynthesis after heading. Therefore, improving the canopy radiation utilization efficiency is of great significance to achieve high yield and high efficiency of rice. This article reviews the characteristics of leaf area, canopy light energy utilization, biomass accumulation and transport of high-yield and high-efficiency rice, and analyzes current problems and prospects for future research.

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Research Progress on the Relationship between Rice Root Characteristics and Grain Quality JING Wenjiang, YANG Ying, MA Qiang, WU Hao, ZHANG Ying, GU Hanzhu, YE Miao, ZHANG Hao 2022, 28(4): 35-39.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (632KB) ( )   The root system of rice is not only considered to be an important part of absorbing water and nutrients, but also the main organ of synthesizing and secreting various plant hormones, organic acids and amino acids, and its morphological and physiological characteristics have an important effect on yield and quality. In this paper, the research progress of morphological and physiological characteristics of rice root system was reviewed, the relationship between rice root characteristics and grain quality was analyzed, and the existing problems and prospects for future research were discussed.

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Canonical Correlation Analysis on Relationship Between Appearance Quality Traits and Eating Quality Traits of Indica Hybrid Rice LIU Weiqi, XIAO Feng, ZENG Gai, XIAO Yinghui, LUO Lihua 2022, 28(4): 40-43.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (414KB) ( )   Defining the relationship between appearance quality and eating quality of rice and screening suitable traits, are important for breeding indica hybrid rice exhibiting excellent appearance quality and eating quality. Two hundreds indica hybrid rice combinations, crossed from 8 male sterile lines and 25 restorer lines were applied to study the relationship between appearance quality traits and eating quality traits by using simple correlation analysis and canonical correlation analysis. The results showed that amylose content was significantly positive correlation with grain width, chalkiness degree and chalky grain rate, and significantly negative correlation with length-width ratio. The comprehensive score of rice was significantly positive correlation with grain length and length-width ratio, but significantly negative correlation with grain width. Two pairs of canonical correlation variables with significant correlation coefficient were obtained by canonical correlation analysis, and the cumulative contribution value was 91.329%. The main components for the first pair of canonical variable linear combinations （U1 and V1） were length-width ratio and amylose content, respectively, and the main components for the second pair of canonical variable linear combinations （U2 and V2） were grain length and comprehensive score of rice, respectively.

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Comparison Analysis of Taste Quality and Texture Characteristic of Japonica Rice with Different Grain Shape from Jilin Province LIU Jiao, WANG Jing, LI Yanyi, DING Hua, ZHANG Xun, ZHOU Youxiang, YANG Jie 2022, 28(4): 44-49.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (573KB) ( )   In order to investigate the effects of rice grain shape on the taste quality and texture characteristics of japonica rice, 22 japonica rice varieties with different grain types were used as the objects to analyze the differences in the physicochemical properties, taste quality and texture characteristics. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of the tested japonica rice varieties were similar, but the taste quality and texture characteristics were quite different. Jigeng 803 had the best taste quality, while Yingke101 exhibited the worst taste quality. Rice grain width was positively correlated to rice hardness （p<0.05）, but was very negatively correlated to rice stickiness （p<0.01） and was negatively correlated to adhesiveness, stickiness and hardness ratio, and taste score （p<0.05）. Rice length-width ratio had a positive relationship to rice stickiness and adhesiveness （p<0.05）. Moreover, principal component analysis （PCA, 80.5% discrimination about two components） and orthogonal partial least square discriminate analysis （OPLS-DA, fit ability R2X=0.759 and predict ability Q2=0.698） models showed a high interpretability and predictive capability, which can effectively classify rice samples with better eating quality into one category, and the stickiness and hardness ratio can be used as an effective parameter to discriminate high-quality edible rice. This study results could provide reference for constructing a fast evaluation method for rice edible characteristic based on rice grain shape.

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Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizers on Rice Growth and Field Water Quality in Rice-crayfish Integrated System GE Yonghu, HUANG Fei, XIAO Dakang, NIE Xibin, YANG Shuo, DING Zijuan, LI Jintao, Gao Hongjian, YE Xinxin, MEI Jun, ZHANG Yefei, HOU Jun 2022, 28(4): 50-54.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (510KB) ( )   The rice-crayfish integrated model has high comprehensive benefits and is developing rapidly in China. Choosing suitable nitrogen （N） fertilizer for rice-crayfish integrated system can not only ensure the water quality of the field surface, but also ensure the nitrogen supply of rice to promote rice growth, which is very important for the cleaner production of the rice-crayfish integrated system. Three fertilization treatments （CF, basal application of compound fertilizer and topdressing of urea; CRF, one-time application of slow-release compound fertilizer as basal fertilizer; OF, basal application of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and topdressing of urea） were set up in this experiment, and the no nitrogen fertilizer was used as the control （CK） to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the water quality of the field water before the tillering stage and the growth of rice in the whole growth period. The results showed that compared with CF and OF treatments, CRF treatment had the best effect on reducing the ammonia nitrogen concentration and nitrite nitrogen concentration in the field water, which was beneficial to the growth of crayfish. Fertilization could increase soil inorganic nitrogen content and promote rice dry matter accumulation. The number of effective panicles, yield, nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency（ANUE） and nitrogen partial production efficiency （PEPN） of rice treated with CRF were significantly high than those of treated with treatments. Compared with CF and OF treatments, the grain yield of CRF treatment increased by 14.26% and 12.84%, the ANUE increased by 64.86% and 54.65%, and the PEPN increased by 15.00% and 13.60%, respectively. In addition, CRF treatment also saved the labor. In conclusion, considering the factors such as field surface water quality, rice growth and nitrogen utilization efficiency, the one-time basal application of slow-release compound fertilizer is a better choice in rice-crayfish integrated model, which is conducive to the sustainable development of this model.

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Effects of Comprehensive Planting-breeding in Paddy Fields on Yield and Quality of Rice in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River PENG Xiang, DAI Linxiu, LI Jingyong, YAN Yulu, XU Zheng, XU Qiang, DOU Zhi, GAO Hui 2022, 28(4): 55-60.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (769KB) ( )   Based on the published literature data, this paper reviewed the effects of different modes of comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River on yield formation and quality of rice, and discussed the influence mechanism. 41% of the sample data showed that the rice yield of comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields was higher than that of rice monoculture, while 59% of the samples showed the opposite trend. Compared with rice monoculture, the number of kernels per panicle and grains per panicle of comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields decreased, while the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight increased. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the processing, appearance, cooking and eating quality of rice with comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields have been improved to a certain extent compared with rice monoculture. The rate of brown rice, milled rice and whole milled rice increased significantly by 0.72%~2.74%, the gel consistency increased by 2.11%, the chalky grain rate, chalkiness ratio, chalky amylose content and rice protein content decreased by 13.78%, 11.76%, 3.01% and 6.67%, respectively.

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Analysis of Bacterial Community Structure and Function in Rice Rhizosphere Soil at Different Growth Stages in Rice-crab co Cropping Paddy Field XU Zhongwei, LIU Chunyue, SHI Jiayue, SHAO Xia, SONG Yu 2022, 28(4): 61-66.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (873KB) ( )   In order to study the community structure and function of rhizosphere soil bacteria in rice-crab co cropping paddy field at different growth stages, high-throughput sequencing and analysis of rhizosphere soil bacteria at tillering stage, jointing stage, heading stage and maturity stage were carried out by using Illumina platform miseq high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that a total of 6 637 OTUs could be divided into 54 pHyla, 171 classes, 381 orders, 600 families, 1 028 genera and 2 162 species. The number of bacteria OTUs shared by different growth stages was 3 122. Among the four growth stages, the Chao1 index at the heading stage was the highest, and there was no significant difference in Shannon index. PCA analysis showed that bacterial communities at the jointing stage and heading stage were similar, but different with those from tillering stage and maturity stage. There were 31 dominant bacterial genera （relative abundance>1%） in the rhizosphere soil of paddy field in the four growth stages, and the dominant bacterial phyla（relative abundance>10%） were Chloroflexi, Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota. PICRUSt analysis showed that the abundance of 269 metabolic pathways was the highest at the heading stage. The results showed that the bacterial community structure and function of rhizosphere soil would change with the growth period of rice, and the number of bacterial species at the heading stage was the largest and the metabolic function was the strongest.

Varieties & Technology

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Effects of Different Duck Density and Planting Density on Dry Matter Accumulation, Translocation and Yield of Organic Cultivation Rice LU Wei, ZHOU Xuan, XU Guiling, FENG Yuehua, LUO Qiangxin, LI Jie, HAN Zhili, WANG Xiaoke, PENG Jin feng 2022, 28(4): 67-73.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (603KB) ( )   In order to ascertain the effects of different duck density and planting density on dry matter production characteristics of organic cultivation rice, a two-factor split plot design experiment was carried out with Yixiangyou 2115 as the material in Sansui County in 2020, in which duck density was the main plot factor and planting density was the sub plot factor. The results showed that the leaf area index of rice at booting and heading stage increased first and then decreased with the increase of duck density, and the highest value was found at 450 ducks/hm2. At the same time, stoching duck increased dry matter accumulation in early and late growth period of rice, but reduced dry matter accumulation in middle growth period. Compared with the treatment without duck, the spikelet number per panicle was significantly improved in the treatment with duck. The yield of rice increased first and then decreased with the increase of duck density. High planting density increased the highest tiller number, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and translocation at different growth stages, and significantly increased yield. The highest yield was 7 131.12 kg/hm2 when the stocking density was 634 ducks/hm2 and the planting density was 191 000 clumps/hm2.

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Effects of Polyaspartic Urea Application Methods on Nitrogen Balance and Rice Yield in Cold Region of China DAI Ming, GUO Haibin, WEI Yadong 2022, 28(4): 74-78.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (637KB) ( )   Using Suigeng 18 as the test material, a two-year field experiment was conducted to explore and optimize the application methods of polyaspartic acid urea and conventional urea on nitrogen balance and rice yield. The results showed that compared with the control without fertilization, the application of polyaspartic urea （in two and four applications） and the conventional urea in four applications significantly increased the dry matter mass and nitrogen content of rice panicles, culm and leaves, and reduced soil NO3- and NH4+ leaching, Among them, the treatment with four applications of polyaspartic urea had the best effect, showing the highest for the nitrogen concentrations in grains and milled rice, effective panicle number, total grain number as well as other indicators, and the rice yield was significantly increased by 10.24% to 48.07% in 2019 and 18.95% to 51.91% in 2020 compared with other treatments.

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Correlation Analysis of Heat Tolerance and Rice Quality of Quanliangyou Series Hybrid Rice Varieties WANG Hui, ZHANG Conghe, YAN Zhi, SHEN Guangle, ZHOU Guixiang, YANG Wei, FANG Yu, HUANG Yanling, PANG Zhanshi, LI Fangbao 2022, 28(4): 79-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (528KB) ( )   13 hybrid rice varieties selected from high-quality rice sterile line Quan 211S were used to analyze the heat resistance of Quanliangyou series varieties and the effects of high temperature stress on rice milling quality, appearance quality and cooking and eating quality as well as the correlation between heat tolerance and main quality traits in the smart greenhouse for high temperature treatment. The data demonstrated that most of the Quanliangyou series varieties had relatively strong heat tolerance. The heat resistance coefficient was extremely significantly positively correlated with the head rice rate and alkali spreading value, significantly positively correlated with the gel consistency and extremely significantly negatively correlated with chalkiness. After high temperature stress, the head rice rate, alkali spreading value, gel consistency and amylose content of Quanliangyou series varieties were generally decreased, and the chalkiness were increased. The variation of main rice quality indicators such as head rice rate, chalkiness, amylose content, alkali spreading value and gel consistency was less in rice varieties with strong heat resistance than in rice varieties that are relatively sensitive to high temperature under high temperature stress. The study lays a foundation for breeding high temperature-resistant and high-quality rice varieties.

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Effects of Reduced Deep Side Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Single-cropping Japonica Rice in Lixiahe Area JIANG Hengxin, HUANG Heng, WANG Yuan, ZHAO Can, WANG Weiling, HUO Zhongyang 2022, 28(4): 84-89.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (557KB) ( )   The effects of deep side fertilization on the yield and quality of single-season japonica rice in Lixiahe area were studied, with high-quality japonica rice Nangeng 9108 and Nangeng 5718 as materials, and conventional fertilization （the nitrogen application rate is 300 kg/hm2, and the ratio of basal nitrogen fertilizer and panicle nitrogen fertilizer is 7∶3） as control, 6 deep side fertilization treatments were: the basal nitrogen fertilizer was 100%（T1）、90%（T2）、85%（T3）、80%（T4）、75%（T5） and 70%（T6） of the conventional treatment, respectively,and the amount of panicle nitrogen fertilizer is the same as the conventional fertilization treatment. The results showed that the T1 treatment significantly improved the rice yield, the yield of the two varieties increased by 9.49% and 8.23% respectively compared with CK, and the economic benefit increased significantly. At the same time, the processing quality and nutritional quality of the rice were improved, but the eating quality of the rice was not improved. Compared with CK, there was no significant difference in the yield of the two varieties treated with T3, but the processing quality, appearance quality and eating quality of rice were improved. T3 treatment is a high-quality and stable-yielding fertilization method.

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Effects of Mixed Matrix of Peat, Vermiculite and Paddy Soil on the Quality of Machine-transplanted Seedlings and Transplanting Quality LIN Adian, XU Qianghui, YANG Jinbiao, FU Youqiang, WANG Jiantao, ZHANG Jiamin, HAN Menghong, HUANG Yufen 2022, 28(4): 90-94.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (614KB) ( )   Using peat, vermiculite and paddy soil as raw materials to mix different rice nursery substrates （CK, 100% paddy soil; T1, 50% paddy soil+50% peat; T2, 50% paddy soil+30% peat+20% vermiculite; T3, 25% paddy soil+75% peat; T4, 25% paddy soil+50% peat+25% vermiculite; T5, 33.3% paddy soil+33.3% peat+33.3%verniculte）, the physicochemical properties of different nursery substrates and their effects on rice seedling quality, machine transplanting performance and blanket weight reduction were studied, and the suitable nursery substrates for rice seedling raising in Guangdong was screened out. The results showed that compared with CK, the mixed substrates significantly improved soil aeration pore and container capacity, decreased the bulk density by 34.16%-57.25%, and increased the total porosity by 9.99%-15.82%. Except for T3, the mixed substrates all had the effect of strengthening seedlings, and T4 had the best effect, followed by T5. The plant height, the dry matter mass of 100 plants, and the root binding capacity of T4 were increased by 24.49%, 31.79% and 26.11%, respectively, compared with CK. The seedling quality of T4 and T5 was the best. The adult seedling rate and sound seedling index of T4 and T5 were significantly improved by 16.63%-17.91% and 30.00%-36.57% compared with CK, respectively, and the weight of the carpet seedlings was reduced by 20.52%-22.43%. The planting quality of T4 and T5 was the best, the number of seedlings per hill was 1.31-1.34 times that of CK, and the missing seedlings rate, floating seedlings rate and injured seedling rate were 3.48%-3.97%, 2.28%-2.46%, and 1.93%-2.69% lower than those of CK, respectively. In conclusion, the better seedling nursery substrate of rice were T4 and T5 under the conditions of this experiment.

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Effects of Different Seeding Rates and Seedling Raising Methods on Seedling Quality of Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice Yongyou 1540 WANG Zhigang, QIN Yebo, WANG Yaliang, XIANG Jing, ZHANG Yikai, ZHANG Yuping, CHEN Huizhe 2022, 28(4): 95-98.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (391KB) ( )   In this study, Yongyou 1540, a wide adaptability indica-japonica hybrid rice with a large area of application in production, was used as the material to study the effects of different seeding rates and seedling raising methods on the seedling quality of indica-japonica hybrid rice, by setting two seedling raising methods of pot seedling and carpet seedling and four seeding rates. The results showed that all seedling quality indexes showed a decreasing trend in general with the increase of seeding rates, whether it was pot seedling or carpet seedling. Under the same seeding rate, the plant height of pot seedling was significantly higher than that of blanket seedling; the germination rate of S4 treatment（8 grains/hole） was significantly lower than that of the carpet seedlings, and there was no significant difference in other seeding rates. At S1 seeding rate（2 grains/hole）, there was no significant difference in leaf age and stem base width among two seedling raising methods, and at other seeding rates, the leaf age and stem base width of pot seedlings was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of carpet seedlings. The root length, dry weight of aboveground parts and underground parts of two seedling raising methods were significantly different only at low seeding rate, while the root number of two seedling raising methods at the same seeding rate had no significant difference.

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Industrialization Experience and Enlightenment of High Quality Rice Variety Meixiangzhan 2 TU Congyong, WANG Chongrong, LIN Lu, CHEN Fengbo, ZHOU Shaochuan 2022, 28(4): 99-102.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (523KB) ( )   Meixiangzhan 2 is the only indica rice variety that has won the Gold Award for taste quality evaluation of national high-quality rice varieties for three consecutive sessions so far for its outstanding taste quality. It has passed the variety approval of Guangdong and Yunnan Province, and the introduction license of Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Shaanxi and Sichuan Province. The survey data showed that the economic benefits of farmers planting Meixiangzhan 2 were much higher than other rice varieties. In order to speed up the popularization and application of Meixiangzhan 2, the breeding units, together with seed enterprises and rice enterprises, have organized a collaborative promotion network of the whole industrial chain from rice seed production to rice processing. A new industrialization promotion mode of organic combination of variety promotion and commercial brand creation was formed, which promoted the large-scale application of Meixiangzhan 2 in production. The promotion area of Meixiangzhan 2 has exceeded 1.4 million hm2 to 2020.

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Effects of Different Fertilization Mechods on Yield and Related Traits of Yunnan High-altitude Japonica Rice LI Guiyong, YANG Hong, CHEN Xueyun, FU Zeyun, ZHANG Yinggui, XIA Qiongmei, LONG Ruiping, ZHU Haiping, DENG Anfeng, YANG Jiu, YANG Congdang 2022, 28(4): 103-105.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (321KB) ( )   The effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield and related traits of high altitude japonica rice （2700 m） in Yunnan were studied because of its low yield. The results showed as follows: the yield of treatments of postponed N-fertilizer application, promoted N-fertilizer after former control, replaced by slow controlled release fertilizer and increased panicule fertilizer were 6.50 t/hm2, 5.98 t/hm2, 5.63 t/hm2, 5.57 t/hm2, and significantly increased by 24.05%, 14.12%, 7.44% and 6.30% compared with the control, respectively. Postponed N-fertilizer application （base fertilizer 7.5 t/hm2 and compound fertilizer 300 kg/hm2, without tillering fertilizer, promoting flower fertilizer applying urea 45 kg/hm2, protecting flower fertilizer applying urea 45 kg/hm2） promoted the differentiation of secondary stem number and increased population spikelets. At full heading stage, the SPAD difference of inverted 3 leaves and inverted 4 leaves was the smallest,and LAI was the largest, which resulted in the maximum yield increase.

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Analysis of Super High Yield Factors of Zhegeng 99 and Its Key Cultivation Techniques ZHANG Guoping, YE Guohua, ZHANG Li, GU Haonan, YE Shenghai 2022, 28(4): 106-108.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (397KB) ( )   Zhegeng 99 is a single-season conventional late japonica rice variety, bred jointly by the Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Zhejiang Wuwangnong Seed Industry Co., Ltd. This variety has been listed as the leading variety in Zhejiang Province for five consecutive years, and has repeatedly set the high-yield record of the single-season conventional late japonica rice in the “the best of Zhejiang agriculture” campaign. By investigating the panicle-grain structure of Zhegeng 99 and the fertilization situation of the key field, the characteristics of Zhegeng 99 and its key cultivation techniques for obtaining super high yield were analyzed in this study. Finally, the super high-yield cultivation technology of Zhejing 99 was proposed.

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Breeding and Cultivation Techniques of Japonica Fragrant Rice Variety Jinyuan U99 with High Yield and High Quality YU Fu'an, YU Pengpai, LAI Lisong, ZHENG Aijun, LU Dongqi, XIE Jing, LIU Wenhe, LI Zhiqiang, WU Keling 2022, 28(4): 109-111.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (372KB) ( )   Jinyuan U99 is a new japonica fragrant rice variety bred by Tianjin High-quality Agricultural Products Development and Demonstration Center（Tianjin Original Seed Farm）. It has the characteristics of salt and alkali resistance, drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, comprehensive stress resistance, saving fertilizer and pesticides. The annual yield and quality of Jinyuan U99 are stable. The general yield is 650.0 kg/667 m2, and it can reach 750.0 kg/667 m2 in high-yield fields. Its rice quality met 1st class of National Standard, the taste is excellent, the amylose content is 14.9%, and the rice polishing rate is 74.1%. In 2019, it was designated as the first batch of the main varieties for the revitalization of Tianjin Xiaozhan rice industry. In 2021, it was awarded the first prize of the National Japonica Rice Appraisal. This paper summarizes its characteristics and high-yield cultivation techniques.

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Causerie about Rice Culture and Zhejiang’s Rice Farming Culture YANG Yufei 2022, 28(4): 112-114.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.04.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (452KB) ( )   In China’s long history of agricultural civilization, rice field is the ubiquitous memory of human life. As an important part of China’s agricultural culture, rice growing and rice field have been praised in many poems. Zhejiang province is one of the birthplace of the ancient Chinese civilization, with a long rice culture history, the Shangshan culture, Hemudu culture, and Liangzhu culture positive for rice originated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river region in China, more than 10 000 years ago in the continuous development of rice agriculture promote agricultural society from the Shangshan culture “the earliest village” to Liangzhu culture “the earliest country”.