Abstract:

As a new type of fertilizer, slow and controlled release nitrogen fertilizer has been shown significant advantages in improving rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency and mitigating environmental pollution, taking into account both yield increase and environmental friendliness. On the basis of previous studies, the concept, classification and mechanism of different slow and controlled release nitrogen fertilizers, and the characteristics and effects of different fertilization techniques formed by them in rice production were summarized, such as one-time fertilization with slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, one-time base application mixed with fast-acting urea, different slow-and-controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers being mixed with each other and applied once, and the fertilization technology being applied in batches with fast-acting urea. The effects of different application technologies of slow and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield formation, as well on soil and atmospheric environment were introduced. The advantages of slow-release nitrogen fertilizers in rice production were clarified, and the problems existing in the application were further pointed out and relevant suggestions were put forward, so as to provide a certain reference for promoting the wide application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizers in rice production.

Key words: rice, slow and controlled release fertilizer, yield, fertilization technology, environmental benefit

摘要：

缓控释氮肥作为一种新型肥料，兼顾增产和环境友好两大特点，在提高水稻产量与氮素利用率以及缓解环境污染方面展现出了显著优势。在前人研究基础上，总结了缓控释氮肥的概念、分类、不同缓控释氮肥作用机理，及缓控释氮肥在水稻生产上形成的不同施肥技术的特征及其效果，如缓控释氮肥一次性施肥、与速效尿素混合一次性基施、不同的缓控释氮肥相互混合一次施用，以及与速效尿素分次施用的施肥技术。介绍了缓控释氮肥不同施用技术对水稻产量形成的影响，以及施用缓控释氮肥对土壤和大气环境的影响。明确缓释氮肥在水稻生产应用中的优势，进一步指出缓控释氮肥在水稻生产应用中存在的问题并且提出相关建议，为推动缓控释氮肥在水稻生产上的广泛应用提供一定的参考依据。

关键词: 水稻, 缓控释氮肥, 产量, 施肥技术, 环境效益