During the pursuit of sustained bumper yields, China’s rice faces challenges, such as elevated usage of pesticides, fertilizers, and irrigation water, coupled with synergistic yield, quality, and efficiency deviations. The rice mulching cultivation technology using biodegradable plastic film as the material and mechanized mulching as the approach is one of the effective way to achieve high-quality, high-yield and efficient collaborative production of rice, and promote the green and sustainable development of rice. This article briefly introduced the development of plastic film cultivation technology, and systematically reviewed the significances of rice plastic film cultivation technology in water saving and soil moisture and fertilizer preserving, weed preventing and pesticides reducing, warming and heat preserving, and the effects on rice yield, quality, and benefits, and summarized the existing problems in the application of plastic film cultivation technology in rice production, and looked forward to the next step of research.

The paddy field system serves as an important carbon sink and has a significant impact on global carbon emissions. Irrigation methods and biochar application are key measures that affect rice growth, and the “carbon sequestration and emission” in paddy fields. This paper focused on the mechanisms of methane emissions from paddy fields, the carbon sequestration mechanisms in paddy soil, as well as the regulatory role and mechanisms of alternate wetting and drying irrigation and biochar application in the “carbon sequestration and emission” in paddy fields. Furthermore, the paper discussed the issues discovered during the research process and pointed a future research direction, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for achieving high-yield and efficient rice production while reducing carbon emissions.

As one of the most important food crops, rice plays an important role in ensuring food security and promoting economic and social development. However, heavy metal pollution in paddy fields not only decreases the yield and quality of rice, but also poses potential risk on human health. Root surface iron plaque is an iron and manganese oxides plaque formed on the surface of paddy roots, which is capable of influencing the accumulation and transfer of heavy metals from rice root to grain through oxidation-reduction, adsorption-desorption, and co-precipitation. The article elucidated the mechanisms of exogenous resistance and endogenous tolerance of plants to heavy metals through root surface iron plaque, and reviewed the factors affecting the formation of root surface iron plaque from the perspectives of water management, application of fertilizers (e.g. organic or inorganic fertilizers, foliage fertilizer), root aeration capacity, and its impact on the accumulation and transfer of heavy metals in rice. In the future, searching soil amendments or proper remediation technology to enhance the form of reddish brown iron plaque with effective heavy metals adsorption may be a direction for safety utilization of heavy metals contaminated soils.

The application and research of nitrogen inhibitors in rice production were reviewed. The types, mechanisms and effects of nitrogen inhibitors on rice growth, yield and nitrogen fertilizer use were introduced. The application of nitrification inhibitors in paddy field had a significant inhibitory effect on soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria, and the addition of urease inhibitors significantly inhibited soil urease activity. The application of the two inhibitors could decrease the decomposition rate of nitrogen fertilizer and improve the uptake and utilization of nitrogen in rice. The inhibitors also could reduce nitrogen-related greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, the future development of nitrogen inhibitors is prospected.

The flag leaf morphological traits are one of the important factors that constitute the ideal plant type in rice. Exploring new genetic resources that control the flag leaf morphological traits is one of the important ways to increase rice yield. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for flag leaf length (FLL), flag leaf width (FLW), flag leaf area (FLA), and flag leaf length to width (FLLW) of a population of recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from a cross between the Indian japonica rice variety M494 and China indica variety Zhong 9B (Z9B) planted at Hangzhou and Hainan using high-density genetic map. A total of 10 QTL were detected including one QTL for flag leaf length, four QTL for flag leaf width, four QTL for flag leaf area and one QTL for flag leaf aspect ratio, distributed on chromosomes 4, 7, 8, 9 and 10, which could explain 6.47%-13.28% of the phenotypic variation. Two pleiotropic QTL intervals were identified, and the locus was located between Block536 and Block544 on chromosome 4 which were simultaneously controlled FLW and FLA, and the locus between Block942 and Block961 on chromosome 10 simultaneously controlling FLW and FLLW, with phenotypic variation were 8.82%, 13.28%, 12.28% and 12.60%, respectively. The QTL varied greatly between the two sites, with QTL controlling flag leaf width and flag leaf area only simultaneously position in Block536-Block544 and QTL controlling flag leaf width and flag leaf length to width only in the Block942-Block961 interval.

In order to explore the genetic loci of blast resistance-related traits in rice, the recombinant inbred lines of rice 2013ZJP-3×Jingning 11 hybridization were used as experimental materials. The resistance to leaf blast and neck blast was identified by artificial inoculation and natural induction during 2022—2023, and QTL was analyzed by BSA-seq method. Phenotypic identification showed that the resistance of F₁₁ population to rice blast was distributed continuously, and most materials showed moderate resistance, preferring to the resistant parent jingning 11. 19 resistant lines and 17 sensitive lines were screened to construct the resistant pool. After sequencing, mutation detection and association analysis, a total of 2 regions to blast resistance were obtained, mainly distributed on chromosome 5 and 7, with a total length of 1.45 Mb. 94 different genes, including 12 frame shift mutations, 82 non-synonymous mutations, 9 frame shift and non-synonymous mutations, were screened out. LOC_Os05g10630, LOC_Os05g10650 and LOC_Os07g08960 genes were predicted to have the greatest correlation with blast resistance in rice.

Saline-alkali stress is one of the main abiotic factors affecting the normal growth and yield of rice. China is the third largest saline-alkali soil country in the world, so the research on saline-alkali tolerance of rice has very important strategic significance for national food security. This article mainly reviewed the identification methods and grading evaluation of salt-alkali tolerance of rice at home and abroad, systematically introduced the research progress of the effects of the distribution and type of soda salt-alkali soil, soda salt-alkali stress on rice yield and quality, and the identification methods of salt-alkali tolerance of rice, and further prospected the research and standards of salt-alkali tolerance of rice. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the study of salt alkali tolerance in rice and the breeding of salt alkali tolerant rice.

Lightly polluted paddy soil was selected and a two-factor pot experiment was conducted in Wuxue County, Hubei Province, to clarify the cadmium reduction effects of applying nano-silicon and active-silicon under different cadmium pollution conditions. Three levels of cadmium (Cd1, no cadmium added, low cadmium; Cd2, add 5 mg/kg cadmium, medium cadmium; Cd3, add 10 mg/kg cadmium, high cadmium) and three levels of silicon fertilizer (Si0, no silicon fertilizer applied; Si1, 20 mg/pot nano-silicon sprayed on leaves; Si2, 20 mg/pot nano-silicon sprayed on leaves+120 mg/kg active-silicon applied on soil) were set for a total of nine treatments. The results showed that with the increase of soil cadmium concentration, the biomass of rice roots, stems and leaves decreased, the number of effective panicles decreased, and the yield significantly decreased. Compared with Cd1 treatment, the rice yield of Cd2 and Cd3 treatments decreased by 7.1% and 20.0%, respectively. Applying silicon fertilizer could reduce the cadmium content in roots, stems, and leaves, promote the accumulation of dry matter in roots and aboveground parts, increase the number of effective panicles, and thereby increase rice yield. Compared with Si0 treatment, the rice yield of Si1 and Si2 treatments increased by 12.3% and 15.4%, the cadmium content in brown rice decreased by 26.0% and 42.3%, the cadmium content in milled rice decreased by 25.2% and 42.0%, respectively. Si1 and Si2 treatments could reduce the transport of cadmium from chaff to brown rice and milled rice. The cadmium reduction effect of Si2 treatment is better than that of Si1 treatment. In summary, under medium and high cadmium stress, spraying nano-silicon on rice leaves and applying active-silicon to the soil have significant effects on increasing yield and reducing cadmium, which can be further studied as an effective measure for cadmium reduction in cadmium polluted paddy fields.

Waste mushroom residue is a kind of recyclable resource. Four application amounts of mushroom residue (B0, 0; B1, 15 000 bar/hm²; B2, 30 000 bar/hm²; B3, 45 000 bar/hm²) were designed to study the effects of grain yields, amylose and amino acid contents of Jingliangyou 534 (an indica hybrid rice variety) and Yongyou 1540 (an indica-japonica hybrid rice variety). The results showed that, under the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer, compared with B0 treatment, the amylose content of Jingliangyou 534 and Yongyou 1540 of B3 treatment were 14.92%-16.74% higher and the amino acid content, essential amino acid content and amino acid content of 16 components of were 67.68%-75.51%, 63.73%-75.21% and 16.93%-84.20% lower, respectively, and the differences were significantly. Compared with B0 treatment, the amylose content of Jingliangyou 534 of B1 and B2 treatments slightly decreased and the amino acid content, essential amino acid content and amino acid content of 15 components except methionine increased by 78.43%-100.29%、64.96%-87.18% and 14.23%-315.73%, respectively, and the differences were significant. Compared with B0 treatment, the amylose content of Yongyou 1540 of B1 and B2 treatments increased by 26.61%-27.64%, the amino acid content, essential amino acid content and amino acid content of 15 components except methionine decreased by 36.59%-53.46%, 34.23-50.74% and 3.78%-68.25%, respectively. Therefore, when the nitrogen application rate was 180 kg/hm², there was no significant effect to grain yield by increasing bacterial residue, excessive amount of mushroom residue application (B3) will cause the increase of amylose content and the decrease of amino acid content in rice. The application amount of mushroom residue not exceeding 30 000 bar/hm² is beneficial for improving rice quality.

The quality of rice will deteriorate during storage due to the influence of temperature, humidity, environmental gas composition and other factors. As one of the important grain storage methods, carbon dioxide atmosphere storage is rarely studied. Under the conditions of carbon dioxide controlled atmosphere storage, four temperature and humidity treatments （low temperature and low moisture: the storage temperature is 20 ℃, and the moisture content of rice is 12.5%; low temperature and high moisture: the storage temperature is 20 ℃, and the moisture content of rice is 15.5%; high temperature and low moisture: the storage temperature is 37 ℃, and the moisture content of rice is 12.5%; high temperature and high moisture: the storage temperature is 37 ℃, and the moisture content of rice is 15.5%）were set up, and after 6 months of storage, a comparative study was conducted on the physical and chemical indexes and food quality of the tested varieties (Yongyou 1540 and Xiushui 134). The results showed that compared to the rice stored just after being stored, under low temperature and low moisture treatment for 6 months, the conductivity of the rice increased by 34.96%, the fatty acid value increased by 10.24 mg/100 g, the malondialdehyde content increased by 4.38 mg/kg, the germination rate, the roughness rate and the whole rice rate decreased by 5.66, 3.76 and 12.05 percentage points respectively, and the yellow grain rate increased by 0.07 percentage points, was the best performance in all four treatments. It can be seen that low temperature and low moisture is more suitable for storing rice, which can effectively delay the aging and deterioration of rice, and preserve the nutritional value of rice

The genetic diversity of 27 domestic rice materials was studied through the SSR molecular marker technology. Four large groups and nine small subgroups were clustered at two genetic coefficients 0.66 and 0.78, respectively, after which the agronomic traits of the rice materials were investigated and compared accordingly. Then, a total of 7 rice varieties from Yunnan Province with significant genetic variations and favorable agronomic trait performances were selected for the grain quality and rice bran lipid characteristics analysis. The results showed that palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) remain the major fatty acid compositions of the rice bran lipid, and a significantly negative correlation relationship was found between the rice grain protein content and starch content with the rice bran lipid content, as well as the positive correlation with the rice bran C18 fatty acids (e.g. stearic acid and oleic acid) (p<0.05), but the rice bran lipid metabolism still demonstrated relatively high independence. Based on the comprehensive genetic, quality and agronomic trait assessment, the indica rice variety Diangu 163 was thereafter identified to harbor good potentials for the rice bran oil development.

Based on Sentinel-2 remote sensing data of rice at booting stage, heading stage, filling stage and mature stage, this study analyzed the relationship between satellite remote sensing spectral parameters and rice quality indicators in each growth period, and established a prediction model of rice quality indicators based on satellite spectral information in each growth period, carried out pearson correlation between five different quality indexes of rice grains and spectral parameters in four growth stages. The results showed that, the five quality indicators had significant correlation with spectral parameters in different degrees during the four growth stages. Then, the spectral parameters with significant correlation effect were selected to establish the prediction equation of rice quality indicator, the modeling results showed that: (1) Based on the interpretation rate of satellite remote sensing spectral information, the rice quality indicators from large to small are: milled rice rate>length-width ratio>protein content>amylose content>brown rice rate. (2) The best growth period of rice quality indicator inverted by satellite remote sensing spectrum was different. The best growth period of brown rice rate and milled rice rate was heading stage, and the coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.461 and 0.893, respectively. The best growth period of length-width ratio was mature period, and R² was 0.878. The best growth period of amylose content and protein content was filling stage, and R² was 0.646 and 0.647, respectively. (3) The rice quality model based on satellite remote sensing spectral information had a good verification effect, and the interpretation rate was 51%-74%. Therefore, the use of satellite remote sensing technology can realize the quantitative monitoring and evaluation of rice quality indicators in a wide range.

Zhejiang, as a strong province in rice breeding, had emerged a number of rice varieties with good quality and taste in recent years. In order to further promote the industrialization development of high quality rice in Zhejiang Province, give full play to the driving effect of scale operation and the amplification effect of industrial clusters, and enhance the ability to stabilize grain supply, we explored the current development status of high quality rice varieties in Zhejiang Province, and deeply analyzed the problems existing in varieties, production, processing and sales of high quality rice industry. Finally, we proposed countermeasures such as accelerating the utilization of germplasm resources and breeding research, strengthening variety management, cultivating seed industry enterprises, promoting integration of production, processing and marketing.

Germination rate is an important quality indicator for seeds. There is a specific method for determining seed germination rate in the “Regulations for Inspection of Crop Seeds”（GB/T 3543.1~7—1995）, but this method has a long experimental period and cannot quickly predict seed quality. Huayou 14 is a major hybrid japonica rice variety cultivated in Shanghai, with an annual planting area accounting for over 50.00% of the hybrid rice planting area in Shanghai. An experiment was conducted on the seeds of Huayou 14, and it was found that the 3 d germination potential and 15 d germination rate of Huayou 14 seeds was significantly correlated (r=0.965). By comparing various function model， it was found one-variable quadratic functional model have highest fitting, germination rate can be accurately predicted by germination potential. Further research also found that the germination potential of Huayou 14 seeds is related to the field emergence rate. The above results are of great significance for quickly and accurately predicting the seed quality of Huayou 14 and ensuring the safety of hybrid japonica rice in Shanghai.

Based on the actual production of integrated rice-turtle farming, the key techniques for rice-turtle farming in paddy fields were summarized, including paddy field engineering, variety selection, rice cultivation, soft-shell turtle farming and water quality control, etc. The existing problems in the current integrated farming system were discussed, and the application of quality and safety controlling technology, and standardization of production techniques were proposed to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products. Therefore, it is important to standardize the major techniques for improving the quality and safety of agricultural products, accelerating the application of integrated cultivation pattern, and is of great significance for cultivating high-quality rice agricultural and fishery products and brands, increasing agricultural income, and achieving the goal of stable and efficient grain production.

In response to the bottleneck in the promotion and application of rice machine transplanting technology, we adopted advanced practical equipment and techniques for technology integration research such as high-speed sowing assembly line, high-speed conveyor belt, large mesh bag bracket, supporting varieties, low-cost substrate, medium arch double-layer covering insulation and large-scale seedling cultivation, etc., forming an efficient mechanical seedling cultivation and transplanting integrated technology system in Dongting Lake area. Compared with the original machine transplanting seedling cultivation technology, this integrated technology significantly improved production efficiency and significantly reduced seedling cultivation costs, which is suitable for large-scale centralized seedling cultivation in Dongting Lake area and similar areas.

A field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of mechanical side deep fertilization on the yield and quality of the high-quality hybrid rice variety Huazheyou 261. Three nitrogen fertilizer treatments were set up in the experiment. N0: no nitrogen fertilizer applied; CK: nitrogen fertilizer applied conventionally with urea as the nitrogen source, with a total nitrogen application rate equivalent to 180 kg/hm², applied in a ratio of base fertilizer∶tillering fertilizer∶panicle fertilizer as 5∶3∶2; MDSF: nitrogen fertilizer mechanical side deep fertilization using controlled-release urea, with a total nitrogen application rate equivalent to 150 kg/hm². All nitrogen fertilizers were applied at the same time during machine transplanting. The results showed that, compared to CK, MDSF treatment had no significant difference in yield but significantly improved nitrogen use efficiency. Additionally, MDSF treatment enhanced the processing quality and nutritional quality of rice, making it the optimal nitrogen management practice in this study.

Rice blast and bacterial blight are two significant diseases in rice, causing huge yield and quality losses. Breeding resistant varieties is the most cost-effective approach to reduce their harm. In this study, using molecular marker-assisted selection and GSR40K chip detection, we introduced the rice broad-spectrum resistance genes Pigm and Xa23 into the japonica rice variety Ning84. We obtained three new lines carrying the two genes. The resistance identification results showed that Pigm introduction significantly increased the resistance to seedling blast and panicle blast of Ning 84, the resistance frequency of the three new lines to 41 rice blast strains during seedling stage ranged from 63.4% to 97.6%. The resistance to leaf blight of the Ning 84 improved lines imported into Xa23 all reached the level of “resistance” or above, its resistance significantly improved. The results of examining the agronomic traits of the improved lines showed that some lives had significantly increased grain width, thousand grain weight, and spike length, while other agronomic traits and yield did not differ significantly from Ning 84. The results of GSR40K SNP gene chip analysis showed that the background response rate of the three improved lines was 94.89%-96.58%. The results of this study indicated that the introduction of Pigm and Xa23 could significantly increase the resistance level of Ning 84 to rice blast and leaf blight, and has no obvious negative effect on agronomic traits and yield.

The utilization of heterosis between indica and japonica rice subspecies is an effective way to improve rice yield. Huazhongyou 9326 is a new indica-japonica hybrid rice variety bred by Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Zhejiang Wuwangnong Seed Shareholding Co., Ltd. It was approved by National Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2022. In order to comprehensively understand the production characteristics of this variety and accelerate its rational promotion and application, we analyzed the yield, quality and resistance of Huazhongyou 9326 through methods such as coefficient of variation, Shukla variance analysis, high stability coefficient, regression analysis, and fitness with molecular markers of resistance alleles, based on the data of “the regional test of single-season late japonica varieties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River” in 2020 and 2021，and compared the prolificacy, stability and adaptability to the control variety Jiayou 5. In the regional and production trials, the average yield of Huazhongyou 9326 increased by 13.45% and 10.95% respectively compared to Jiayou 5, with the proportion of increased production points being 96.15% and 100.0%, respectively. The three-years high stability coefficient of Huazhongyou 9326 was 91.78%, which was increased 6.49% than that of Jiayou 5, indicating that Huazhongyou 9326 had good stability. According to the quality data, Huazhongyou 9326 is classified as Grade 3 with a steaming and cooking taste value of 85.12. In conclusion, Huazhongyou 9326 is an ideal indica/japonica hybrid rice variety with prolificacy, stability and adaptability.

With the current situation of food security still grim, food security is particularly important in pushing forward the overall rural revitalization and making China strong in modern agriculture. This paper took Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, a transition from grain production area to grain selling area, as an example, and analyzed the current situation of its cultivated land utilization, the grain type and distribution, grain production status, as well as the basic situation of grain enterprises, warehousing and circulation. It summarized the main practices and existing problems of ensuring food security in Nantong while the city develops fast in economy. Finally, the paper put forward policy recommendations to strengthen food security in four aspects including seeking distinctive developments, ensuring the total output of the cultivated land, increasing the production quality and efficiency, and integrating the agricultural industry chain.