机插同步侧深施肥对优质稻华浙优261产量和稻米品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.06.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以优质杂交稻品种华浙优261为材料开展大田试验，旨在探明机插同步侧深施肥对华浙优261产量和稻米品质的影响。试验设3个氮肥处理，即不施用氮肥（N0）、氮肥面施（CK，氮肥为尿素，折合纯N用量为180 kg/hm²，基肥∶蘖肥∶穗肥为5∶3∶2）和机插同步侧深施肥（MDSF，氮肥为控释尿素，折合纯N用量为150 kg/hm²，氮肥在机插秧同时一次性施入）。结果表明，MDSF处理的产量与CK相比无显著性差异，但其氮肥利用效率显著提高，同时稻米加工品质、外观品质以及蒸煮食味品质改善，为本研究最佳氮肥管理模式。

关键词: 水稻, 机插侧深施肥, 华浙优261, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of mechanical side deep fertilization on the yield and quality of the high-quality hybrid rice variety Huazheyou 261. Three nitrogen fertilizer treatments were set up in the experiment. N0: no nitrogen fertilizer applied; CK: nitrogen fertilizer applied conventionally with urea as the nitrogen source, with a total nitrogen application rate equivalent to 180 kg/hm², applied in a ratio of base fertilizer∶tillering fertilizer∶panicle fertilizer as 5∶3∶2; MDSF: nitrogen fertilizer mechanical side deep fertilization using controlled-release urea, with a total nitrogen application rate equivalent to 150 kg/hm². All nitrogen fertilizers were applied at the same time during machine transplanting. The results showed that, compared to CK, MDSF treatment had no significant difference in yield but significantly improved nitrogen use efficiency. Additionally, MDSF treatment enhanced the processing quality and nutritional quality of rice, making it the optimal nitrogen management practice in this study.

Key words: rice, mechanical side deep fertilization, Huazheyou 261, yield, quality

中图分类号:

S511.062

杜雄鹰, 洪立荣, 李德兵, 褚光. 机插同步侧深施肥对优质稻华浙优261产量和稻米品质的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2024, 30(6): 99-104.

DU Xiongying, HONG Lirong, LI Debing, CHU Guang. Effects of Mechanical Side Deep Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Huazheyou 261[J]. China Rice, 2024, 30(6): 99-104.

图/表 7

表1 不同施氮方式下水稻产量及其构成要素

表2 不同施氮方式下主要生育期水稻氮素积累量与氮素利用效率的差异

表3 不同施氮方式水稻茎蘖数与茎蘖成穗率比较

表4 不同施氮方式的水稻干物质量与作物生长速率比较

表5 不同施氮方式的水稻叶面积指数与光合势比较

表6 不同施氮方式的灌浆期水稻根系氧化力与剑叶净光合速率比较

表7 不同施氮方式处理的稻米品质差异比较

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