中国稻米

中国稻米 ›› 2024, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 91-97.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.03.016

• 品种与技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

播种量和秧龄对机插籼粳杂交稻秧苗素质、产量和加工品质的影响

王坤庭(), 冯源, 刘梦竹, 廖萍, 魏海燕, 胡群*(), 张洪程   

  1. 扬州大学 水稻产业工程技术研究院/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/江苏省优质粳稻产业工程研究中心，江苏 扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-18 出版日期:2024-05-20 发布日期:2024-05-20
  • 通讯作者: * huqun@yzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:

    第一作者：389157462@qq.com

  • 基金资助:
    江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2022338);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(23)3017);国家水稻产业技术体系项目(CARS-01);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(RAPD)

Effects of Sowing Rate and Seedling Age on Seedling Quality, Yield and Processing Quality of Mechanically Transplanted Hybrid Rice

WANG Kunting(), FENG Yuan, LIU Mengzhu, LIAO Ping, WEI Haiyan, HU Qun*(), ZHANG Hongcheng   

  1. Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/High Quality Japonica Rice Industry Engineering Research Center，Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China

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摘要：

适宜的播种量与秧龄搭配是保障水稻丰产优质的前提。以籼粳杂交稻甬优6711为供试品种，采用两因素（播种量、秧龄）裂区设计，以探明不同秧龄和播种量处理（T1，秧龄20 d、播种量50 g/盘；T2，秧龄20 d、播种量70 g/盘；T3，秧龄30 d、播种量50 g/盘；T4，秧龄30 d、播种量70 g/盘）对机插稻秧苗素质、产量和加工品质的影响。结果表明，T2和T3处理的产量较高，较T1处理分别增产24.7%和25.2%，较T4处理分别增产17.4%和17.8%。与20 d秧龄处理相比，30 d秧龄处理显著增加苗高、茎基宽、百苗地上及地下部干物质量；70 g/盘播种量处理较50 g/盘播种量处理显著降低苗高、茎基宽和发根力。整体而言，T3处理的秧苗素质最好。从稻米加工品质来看，与20 d秧龄处理相比，30 d秧龄处理的精米率和整精米率均显著下降，但糙米率差异不显著；与50 g/盘播种量处理相比，70 g/盘播种量处理能显著提高糙米率和精米率，但对整精米率影响小。综合来看，T2处理的稻米加工品质最优，而T3处理降低了稻米加工品质。因此，在苏北杂交中粳稻种植区，选择短秧龄、高播量搭配（T2）能同时获得丰产优质，长秧龄、低播量搭配（T3）能获得丰产，但稻米加工品质显著下降。

关键词: 机插稻, 播种量, 秧龄, 产量, 加工品质

Abstract:

The appropriate combination of sowing rate and seedling age is the premise to ensure high yield and high quality of rice. A two-factor split-spot design was adopted, to explore the effects of different seedling ages and sowing rates (T1, 20 day seedling age, 50 g/pot sowing rate; T2, 20 day seedling age, 70 g/pot sowing rate; T3, 30 day seedling age, 50 g/pot sowing rate; T4, 30 day seedling age, 70 g/pot sowing rate) on the seedling quality, yield, and processing quality of machine transplanted indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 6711 seedlings. The results showed that the yield of T2 and T3 treatments was higher, with an increase of 24.7% and 25.2% compared to T1 treatment, and an increase of 17.4% and 17.8% compared to T4 treatment, respectively. Compared with the 20 day seedling age treatments, the 30 day seedling age treatments significantly increased seedling height, stem base width, and aboveground and underground dry matter mass of 100 seedlings; The 70 g/pot sowing rate treatments significantly reduced seedling height, stem base width, and rooting ability compared to the 50 g/pot sowing rate treatments. On the whole, the seedling quality of T3 treatment was the best. In terms of rice processing quality, compared with the 20 day seedling age treatments, the 30 day seedling age treatments significantly reduced the polished rice rate and whole polished rice rate, but had no significant impact on the brown rice rate; Compared with the 50 g/pot sowing rate treatments, the 70 g/pot sowing rate treatments significantly improved the brown rice rate and polished rice rate, but had little effect on the whole polished rice rate. Overall, rice processing quality ofr T2 treatment was the best, while T3 treatment decreased rice processing quality. Therefore, in the medium japonica hybrid rice planting area in northern Jiangsu, the combination of short seedling age and high sowing rate (T2) could achieve high yield and high quality at the same time, while long seedling age and low sowing rate (T3) could achieve high yield, but significantly decreased the rice processing quality.

Key words: mechanically transplanted rice, sowing rate, seedling age, yield, processing quality

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