中国稻米

中国稻米 ›› 2024, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 18-25.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.03.003

• 专论与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

新型高效绿色氮肥管理对水稻产量形成与氮素利用及氨挥发损失的影响

邵迪1(), 丁紫娟1, 胡仁1, 肖大康1, 侯俊1,*(), 张鑫2, 徐霄2, 方慧2, 管宇3, 李贝4, 江天4, 张卫峰4,*()   

  1. 1长江大学 农学院，湖北 荆州 434025
    2衢州市农业农村局，浙江 衢州 324000
    3衢州三易易生态农业科技有限公司，浙江 衢州 324007
    4中国农业大学 资源与环境学院，北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-15 出版日期:2024-05-20 发布日期:2024-05-20
  • 通讯作者: * houjungoodluck1@163.com; wfzhang@cau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:

    第一作者：995237911@qq.com

  • 基金资助:
    衢州市碳账户核算及减排固碳技术研究(69192071);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2022BBA002);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200705)

Effects of New High-efficiency Green Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Rice Yield Formation, Nitrogen Utilization and Ammonia Volatilization Loss

SHAO Di1(), DING Zijuan1, HU Ren1, XIAO Dakang1, HOU Jun1,*(), ZHANG Xin2, XU Xiao2, FANG Hui2, GUAN Yu3, LI Bei4, JIANG Tian4, ZHANG Weifeng4,*()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
    2Quzhou Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, China
    3Quzhou Sanyi Ecological Agriculture Co., LTD, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324007, China
    4College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

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摘要：

通过大田试验采用随机区组设计，设置7种施氮处理，即不施氮肥（CK）、农民常规施肥（FFP）、脲酶抑制剂型氮肥并减氮21.40%（与FFP比，余同）（OPT）、一次性机械侧深施树脂包膜尿素并减氮35.70%（CRUM1）、一次性机械侧深施肥包肥并减氮35.70%（CRUM2）、一次性穴施树脂包膜尿素并减氮51.80%（CRUR1）、一次性穴施肥包肥并减氮51.80%（CRUR2），测定不同施氮处理下水稻株高、分蘖、干物质量、产量、氮素利用效率以及氨挥发损失等，以探究新型氮肥管理方式对水稻产量、氮素利用效率和氮挥发损失的影响。结果表明，CRUM1和CRUM2处理株高和分蘖数与FFP处理相当；与传统撒施（CK、FFP和OPT，下同）相比，CRUM1和CRUM2干物质积累量提高11.90%~12.30%；根据水稻氮素营养指数（NNI），机械侧深施氮能满足水稻生长对氮素的需求。水稻侧深施和穴施在减氮35.70%~51.80%的情况下也可高产稳产（9.76 t/hm2和9.60 t/hm2）。与传统撒施相比，机械侧深施和穴施的田面水NH4+-N较低，氨挥发损失降低39.15%~93.15%，氮素利用效率提高77.45%~95.70%。可见，优化氮肥管理可以实现水稻在减氮情况下稳产，同时提高氮素利用效率和减少氨挥发，其中机械侧深施和穴施配合新型氮肥可减少氮肥投入35.70%~51.80%。

关键词: 水稻, 氮肥, 机械侧深施氮, 氮素利用效率, 氨挥发

Abstract:

Field trial with a randomized group design was conducted and seven N treatments were set up, including no N fertilizer (CK), conventional farmer's fertilizer (FFP), urease inhibitor type N fertilizer with 21.40% N reduction (compared with FFP, the same as the rest) (OPT), one-time mechanical side deep fertilization (MSDF) of resin-coated urea with 35.70% N reduction (CRUM1), one-time MSDF of fertilizer-coated fertilizer with 35.70% N reduction (CRUM2 ), deep placement of fertilizer (DPF) of resin-coated urea with 51.80% N reduction (CRUR1), and one-time DPF of fertilizer-coated fertilizer with 51.80% N reduction (CRUR2). Rice plant height, tillering, dry matter quality, yield, N use efficiency, and ammonia volatilization were measured to study the effects of new nitrogen fertilizer management methods on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency and ammonia volatilization. The results showed that, plant height and tiller number of CRUM1 and CRUM2 treatments were comparable to those of FFP treatment; compared with the traditional fertilizer methods(CK, FFD and OPT), the dry matter accumulation of CRUM1 and CRUM2 treatments were increased by 11.90%-12.30%. The results of NNI showed that the MSDF with 35.70% reduction could meet the N demand for rice growth. Rice yield could be stabilized(9.76 t/hm2 and 9.60 t/hm2) with 35.70%-51.80% nitrogen reduction under side deep application and hole application. Compared with traditional spreading, CRUM1, CRUM2, CRUR1 and CRUR2 had lower NH4+-N content in field water, and ammonia volatilization loss was reduced by 39.15%-93.15%. The nitrogen utilization efficiency significantly increased by 77.45%-95.70%. In conclusion, optimizing N fertilizer management could achieve stable rice yield with reduced N application, while significantly improved N utilization efficiency and reducd ammonia volatilization. MSDF and DPF with new nitrogen fertilizer could reduce N fertilizer input by 35.70%-51.80%.

Key words: rice, nitrogen fertilizer, mechanical side deep application of N, nitrogen use efficiency, ammonia volatilization

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