施用有机肥和调理剂对田间土壤重金属有效态变化影响及水稻降镉效应研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以春优84和中浙优8号为试验材料，在浙江衢州典型镉污染农田开展大田小区试验，研究有机肥与土壤调理剂施用对土壤酸碱度（pH）、土壤重金属元素（Cd、Fe、Mn、Zn等）有效态、水稻植株（稻草、籽粒）重金属元素积累量的影响，并探究了施用有机肥与土壤调理剂降低籽粒Cd积累的机理。结果表明，单施有机肥（1.5 t/hm²）对土壤金属元素有效态、稻草和籽粒重金属元素含量无显著影响；在有机肥（1.5 t/hm²）+土壤调理剂（2.7 t/hm²）联合施用处理后，土壤pH增加9.48%，土壤重金属有效态含量和植株中重金属元素含量均呈下降趋势。其中，土壤有效态Cd含量降低16.41%（DTPA提取）和48.96%（CaCl₂提取），稻草和籽粒Cd含量分别降低40.04%和48.22%。逐步回归和通径分析表明，稻草Cd含量、土壤Cd有效态与籽粒Cd含量显著相关。由此可见，施用土壤调理剂通过提升土壤pH，从而降低土壤重金属元素有效态含量，其中有效态Cd含量下降尤为显著，以此调控水稻稻草和籽粒中的Cd积累。说明供试土壤调理剂可以在酸性土地区推广应用，具有提升酸性土壤pH、降低稻米Cd富集的效果。

关键词: 水稻, 有机肥, 土壤调理剂, 重金属, 镉, 有效态

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted in typical cadmium polluted farmland in Quzhou, Zhejiang, with Chunyou 84 and Zhongzheyou 8 as experimental materials, to study the effects of organic fertilizer and soil conditioner on pH and available state of heavy metal elements (Cd, Fe, Mn, Zn, etc.) in soil, and accumulation of heavy metal elements in rice plants (straw, grains), and their mechanism of reducing grain Cd accumulation. The results showed that single application of organic fertilizer (1.5 t/hm²) had no significant effect on the effective state of heavy metal elements in soil and the content of heavy metal elements in rice straw and grains. However, under the combined application of organic fertilizer (1.5 t/hm²) and soil conditioner (2.7 t/hm²), the soil pH increased, but the available state of heavy metals in the soil and the content of heavy metals in rice plants showed a downward trend. The available Cd content in soil decreased by 16.41% (DTPA extraction) and 48.96% (CaCl₂ extraction), while the Cd content in rice straw and grains decreased by 40.04% and 48.22%, respectively. Stepwise regression and path analysis showed that the Cd content in rice straw and Cd availability in soil were significantly correlated with Cd content in grains. It can be seen that the application of soil conditioners reduces the available content of heavy metal elements in soil by increasing soil pH, with a particularly significant decrease in available Cd content, thereby regulating the accumulation of Cd in rice straw and grains. Therefore, it indicates that the tested soil conditioner can be promoted and applied in acidic soil areas, with the effect of increasing the pH of acidic soil and reducing the enrichment of Cd in rice.

Key words: rice, organic fertilizer, soil conditioner, heavy metals, cadmium, availability

中图分类号:

S511.062

黄奇娜, 党洪阳, 张燕, 李春福, 林光号, 邵国胜, 季卫东. 施用有机肥和调理剂对田间土壤重金属有效态变化影响及水稻降镉效应研究[J]. 中国稻米, 2024, 30(2): 37-42.

HUANG Qina, DANG Hongyang, ZHANG Yan, LI Chunfu, LIN Guanghao, SHAO Guosheng, JI Weidong. Effects of Organic Fertilizer and Soil Conditioner Input on the Available Soil Heavy Metals Content and Cadmium Reduction in Rice[J]. China Rice, 2024, 30(2): 37-42.

图/表 7

图1 不同处理下DTPA-TEA浸提法提取的土壤Cd、Fe、Mn、Zn有效态含量图柱上不同小写字母表示在同一品种不同处理间存在0.05水平显著性差异。下同。

图2 不同处理下CaCl2浸提法提取的土壤Cd、Fe、Mn、Zn有效态含量

图3 不同处理下春优84和中浙优8号地上部（稻草、籽粒）Cd、Fe元素积累量

图4 不同处理下春优84和中浙优8号地上部（稻草、籽粒）Mn、Zn元素积累量

表1 不同处理下Cd、Fe、Mn、Zn的转运系数

表2 影响水稻籽粒Cd积累量因子逐步回归分析

表3 水稻籽粒重金属镉积累影响因子的通径分析

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