盘锦水稻田碳通量变化特征研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.01.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了揭示我国北方水稻田生态系统的碳通量动态特征及其对气象因子的响应，利用盘锦市水稻田生态系统观测站2018—2020年净碳交换量（NEE）观测数据，分析盘锦市水稻田NEE年变化、日变化特征，以及植被总初级生产力（GPP）日变化和季节变化；对比NEE与风向、净辐射关系，最后按季节对比地温对植被呼吸（Reco）的影响，计算生态系统呼吸温度敏感性（Q₁₀）。结果表明，NEE的年总量都为负值，其中2018年NEE总量最大，为-574.09 g C/（m²·y）；NEE的年变化与风速呈正相关，与日照呈负相关；NEE的日变化为“U”型，GPP的日变化为倒“U”型，中午达到峰值，日变化值在夏季最大；NEE高值对应的风向是W、WSW、SW和NE、ENE；NEE低值对应的风向是SSE、S和NNW、NW；NEE绝对值随净辐射的增加而增大，有时出现NEE峰值滞后于净辐射的情况。GPP年值呈下降趋势，Reco年际变化较小。夏季Reco比其他季节高2.0~6.0倍。2019夏季呼吸强度随地温增值达到0.85 g C/（m²·d）。计算2019年夏季Q₁₀值达到4.84。2018年夏季平均气温较高、温度日较差较小、风速较大共同促成了NEE 2018年高值。而2020年6—7月降水量偏少造成2020年NEE值偏低。Reco与土壤温度存在明显的指数关系。Q₁₀值在夏季最高，是其他季节的1.9~2.6倍。

关键词: 水稻田, 碳通量, 变化特征, 气象因子, 盘锦市

Abstract:

In order to reveal the dynamic characteristics of carbon flux and its response to meteorological factors in rice field ecosystem in North China, we used the observation data of net carbon exchange (NEE) of Panjin Rice Farmland Ecosystem Observation Station from 2018 to 2020 and analyzed the annual and daily changes of NEE, as well as the daily and seasonal changes of total primary productivity of vegetation (GPP) and compared the relation between NEE and wind direction and net radiation, the effect of ground temperature on the ecosystem respiration (Reco) according to seasons, and calculated the sensitivity of ecosystem respiratory temperature (Q₁₀) in rice fields in Panjin. The results showed that, the annual total amount of NEE was negative, among them total amount of NEE in 2018 was the largest, which was -574.09 g C/(m²·y). The annual change of NEE was positively correlated with wind speed and negatively correlated with sunshine. The diurnal variation of NEE was“U” type, and the diurnal variation of GPP was inverted“U” type, reaching the peak at noon and the diurnal variation was the largest in summer. The wind direction corresponding to the high value of NEE was W, WSW, SW and NE, ENE; the wind direction corresponding to the low value of NEE was SSE, S, NNW and NW. The absolute value of NEE increased with the increase of net radiation, and sometimes the peak value of NEE lags behind the net radiation. The annual value of GPP showed a downward trend, and the annual value of Reco changes little. Reco in summer was 2-6 times higher than that in other seasons. In summer of 2019, the respiratory intensity increased with the ground temperature to 0.85 gC/(m²·d). Calculated Q₁₀ value in summer of 2019 was 4.84. In summer of 2018, the average temperature was high, the daily temperature range was small, and the wind speed was large, which contributed to the high value of NEE in 2018. However, the less precipitation from June to July in 2020 caused the low NEE value in 2020. Reco had an obvious exponential relationship with soil temperature. Q₁₀ value was the highest in summer, 1.9-2.6 times of other seasons.

Key words: rice field, net carbon exchange, variation characteristics, meteorological factors, Panjin City

中图分类号:

S511

邹旭东, 李荣平, 曹士民, 蔡福, 米娜, 王笑影. 盘锦水稻田碳通量变化特征研究[J]. 中国稻米, 2024, 30(1): 84-92.

ZOU Xudong, LI Rongping, CAO Shimin, CAI Fu, MI Na, WANG Xiaoying. Study on the Change Characteristics of Carbon Flux in Paddy Field in Panjin[J]. China Rice, 2024, 30(1): 84-92.

图/表 11

图1 盘锦观测站地理位置及风玫瑰图（2019—2021年）

表1 盘锦生态站年气温、降水量、日照、风速和NEE

图2 2018—2020年盘锦生态站NEE各季节日变化

图3 2018—2020年盘锦生态站各风向的NEE和风速变化及风玫瑰 2018年：a1、a2；2019年：b1、b2；2020年：c1、c2。

表2 盘锦生态站各季节的主风向

图4 2018—2020年盘锦生态站夏季（a）和秋季（b）净辐射和NEE的关系

图5 2018—2020年盘锦生态站GPP各季节日变化（a：春季；b：夏季；c：秋季；d：冬季）

图6 2018—2020年盘锦生态站NEE月平均与降水量变化

图7 2018—2020年盘锦生态站日照、风速、气温、气温日较差月变化

图8 盘锦生态站各季节土壤温度和Reco的关系

表3 盘锦生态站各季节土壤温度与Reco的拟合方程及相关性

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