中国稻米 ›› 2024, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 63-68.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.01.011

• 专论与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

稻谷对铅富集特性的品种差异及其安全风险

林芗华()   

  1. 漳州市农业检验监测中心,福建 漳州 363000
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-17 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2024-01-23
  • 作者简介:linxh135@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    2021年福建省生态农业专项资金“水稻重金属低富集品种筛选及示范”(闽财农指〔2020〕105号)

Varieties Difference in Lead Enrichment Characteristics of Rice and the Safety Risks

LIN Xianghua()   

  1. Zhangzhou Agricultural Test and Inspection Center, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, China
  • Received:2023-08-17 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2024-01-23
  • About author:linxh135@126.com

摘要:

以漳州当地15个水稻主栽品种为试材,采用添加铅源的盆栽试验及大田试验,考察稻谷对铅富集特性的品种差异及评价其质量安全风险。结果表明,在弱酸性(5.5<pH≤6.5)水田土壤中,盆栽试验土壤铅全量分别为22.4、103.5和204.8 mg/kg时,15个品种稻谷铅含量变幅分别为0.016~0.061、0.061~0.198和0.157~0.606 mg/kg;大田试验土壤铅全量分别为23.4、23.5、26.4 mg/kg时,15个品种稻谷铅含量变幅为0.016~0.056、0.014~0.056和0.024~0.069 mg/kg;同一品种稻谷铅含量与土壤铅全量呈正相关性直线关系(P<0.01)。不同品种稻谷对铅的富集能力有显著差异(P<0.05),盆栽试验和大田试验的富集系数分别为0.059%~0.296%和0.060%~0.261%;聚类分析得出有4个品种为高富集、6个品种为中富集、5个品种为低富集。依据GB2762—2017规定的稻谷中铅含量限量标准(0.2 mg/kg),低富集、中富集和高富集水稻品种,弱酸性水田土壤(5.5<pH≤6.5)铅全量风险临界值分别为204.1~274.7、113.5~180.0和82.7~107.1 mg/kg。漳州市15个水稻品种在土壤铅全量≥风险临界值的水田上种植,稻谷铅含量存在质量安全高风险(>0.2 mg/kg)。

关键词: 水稻, 品种, 稻谷, 铅, 富集特性, 质量安全, 风险评价

Abstract:

Pot experiments and field experiments were adopted to explore the lead(Pb) enrichment characteristics of 15 local main rice varieties planted in Zhangzhou and the rice quality safety. The results showed that the Pb content of the 15 rice varieties was in the range of 0.016-0.061, 0.061-0.198 and 0.157-0.606 mg/kg, respectively, when the total Pb content of pot experiment was 22.4, 103.5 and 204.8 mg/kg in light acidic paddy soil (5.5<pH≤6.5), the variation scope of Pb content was 0.016-0.056, 0.014-0.056 and 0.024-0.069 mg/kg, respectively, when the total Pb content of the field experiment was 23.4, 23.5 and 26.4 mg/kg in light acidic paddy soil (5.5<pH≤6.5). The Pb content of the same rice variety was positively and linearly correlated with the total Pb content in soil (P<0.01). There were significant differences in the enrichment ability of Pb among different rice varieties (P<0.05), and the enrichment coefficient of pot experiment and field experiment was 0.059%-0.296% and 0.060%-0.261%, respectively. Cluster analysis indicated that there were 4 rice varieties with high enrichment ability, 6 varieties with medium enrichment ability and 5 varieties with low enrichment ability. According to the limit standard of Pb in rice in GB2762—2017(0.2 mg/kg), for rice varieties with low, medium and high enrichment ability, the critical risk value of cadmium was 204.1-274.7, 113.5-180.0 and 82.7-107.1 mg/kg, respectively, in light acidic paddy soil (5.5<pH≤6.5). For rice variety planted in paddy fields where the total Pb content is above the critical risk value, its Pb content will have a quality safety risk of being higher than 0.2 mg/kg.

Key words: rice, variety, grain, Pb, enrichment characteristics, quality safety, risk assessment

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