稻曲病发病规律、病菌功能基因组以及免疫反应的遗传机制

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

稻曲病已成为我国水稻生产中重要病害之一，不仅影响水稻产量和品质，且危害人畜健康安全。目前对稻曲病研究已取得一定进展，但在抗性评价标准、抗性基因挖掘、病原菌侵染方式、致病机理以及防控预测等方面还存在局限性。本文综述了稻曲病简史与发生概况、稻曲病菌的生物学特征、稻曲病菌的侵染特征、稻曲病抗性遗传规律与基因鉴定、抗性遗传机制、抗性鉴定技术以及病害发生影响因子等方面的研究进展。同时，探讨当前稻曲病抗性鉴定方法、抗性基因挖掘、侵染机制、稻曲病菌与水稻互作以及病情监测预报和防治等方面存在的问题，分析与展望了相关问题及研究方向。

关键词: 水稻, 稻曲病, 研究进展, 遗传机制

Abstract:

Rice false smut (RFS) has become one of the most major rice diseases in China. RFS not only decrease the yield and quality of rice, but also threatens the health and safety of human and livestock. While some progress has been made in the study of RFS and its interaction with rice, there are limitations in the mode of infection, pathogenic mechanism, evaluation criteria of resistance in rice, mining of resistance genes, and prevention and control measures, etc. In order to enhance the understanding of RFS, we reviewed the history and occurrence of RFS, biological characteristics of Ustilaginoidea virens, infection characteristics of Ustilaginoidea virens, genetic rule and gene identification of resistance to RFS, genetic mechanism of resistance, resistance identification techniques and influencing factors of RFS occurrence. Meanwhile, preliminarily discussed the model of host immune response triggered by Ustilaginoidea virens. Finally, we provided some analyses and prospects on how to further carry out the related research, in order to develop rice disease resistance materials for breeding programs.

Key words: rice, rice false smut, research progress, genetic mechanisms

中图分类号:

何旎清, 程朝平, 晋艺丹, 黄凤凰, 李生平, 杨德卫. 稻曲病发病规律、病菌功能基因组以及免疫反应的遗传机制[J]. 中国稻米, 2024, 30(1): 39-46.

HE Niqing, CHEN Zhaoping, JIN Yidan, HUANG Fenghuang, LI Shengping, YANG Dewei. Pathogenesis and Functional Genomics of Rice False Smut Ustilaginoidea virens and Genetic Mechanism of Immune Response in Rice[J]. China Rice, 2024, 30(1): 39-46.

图/表 2

表1 鉴定的稻曲病相关QTLs

图1 稻曲病菌PAMP触发宿主免疫反应的模型 I，水稻中某些富亮氨酸重复类蛋白激酶与水稻油菜素类固醇受体类激酶BAK1组成的PRR模式识别受体通过识别稻曲菌效应蛋白SNP22，从而激活下游的防御反应；II，稻曲菌中磷酸酶效应因子SCRE6转移到细胞后，与丝裂原活化蛋白激酶6（OsMPK6）相互作用后，使得OsMPK6去磷酸化并增强其稳定性，从而负调控水稻免疫反应；III，稻曲菌中毒性蛋白UvSec117与OsHDA701互作，并将大量的OsHDA701招募到细胞核，进而增强OsHDA701去乙酰化活性，抑制染色体打开，从而抑制转录相关蛋白的结合，进而干扰防御基因的激活和寄主免疫反应。

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