中国稻米

中国稻米 ›› 2024, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 108-114.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.01.018

• 品种与技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

播期对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540产量、品质的影响及其与气候因子的相关性

冯向前1,3,#(), 徐建强2,#(), 沈足金2, 王丹英1, 徐春梅1, 陈松1, 章秀福1, 肖玉苹2,*()   

  1. 1中国水稻研究所，杭州 310006
    2嘉兴市农业科学研究院 桐乡农业科学研究所，浙江 桐乡 314500
    3长江大学，湖北 荆州 434025
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-14 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2024-01-23
  • 通讯作者: *179188746@qq.com
  • 作者简介:#共同第一作者：201604651@yangtzeu.edu.cn; ttttxjq@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省“万人计划”科技创新领军人才项目(2020R52035);国家水稻产业技术体系(CARS-01-31);浙江省“三农九方”项目(2022SNJF002)

Effect of Sowing Date on Grain Yield and Quality of Indica-Japonica Hybrid Yongyou 1540 and its Climate-Related Mechanism

FENG Xiangqian1,3,#(), XU Jianqiang2,#(), SHEN Zujin2, WANG Danying1, XU Chunmei1, CHEN Song1, ZHANG Xiufu1, XIAO Yuping2,*()   

  1. 1China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
    2Tongxiang Agricultural Sciences Research Iinstitute, Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Science, Tongxiang, Zhejiang 314500, China
    3College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China

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摘要：

以杭嘉湖稻区生产上大面积推广的优质水稻品种甬优1540为材料，研究甬优1540稻米品质、产量、产量构成因子对不同播期（4月30日、5月10日、5月20日）的响应，及其与气候因子的关系。结果表明，播期适当推迟，可显著提高甬优1540产量（产量峰值出现在播期5月10日和5月20日），增产主要源于除有效穗外产量构成因子不同程度提高；甬优1540的加工、外观和蒸煮品质随着播期延迟亦不同程度提升，但营养食味品质有所不同。由此可见，杭嘉湖稻区优质稻甬优1540在5月10日左右播种能一定程度上实现产量与米质的协同变优。分析不同播期播种水稻，穗发育、籽粒灌浆阶段的气候因子与产量及米质指标相关性发现，日均日照时数、日均气温、日最高温度、日最低温度与每穗粒数（R=-0.25~-0.82, P<0.001）、加工品质（R=-0.28~0.90, P<0.001）负相关；而灌浆期昼夜温差与千粒重（R=0.6, P<0.001）、碱消值（R=0.50, P<0.001）、胶稠度（R=0.87, P<0.001）和蛋白质含量（R=0.74, P<0.001）正相关，与稻米直链淀粉含量（R=-0.83, P<0.001）显著负相关，表明适度缓解穗发育期和籽粒灌浆期高温胁迫，提高灌浆期昼夜温差，有利于提高水稻加工和蒸煮食味品质，是通过播期调整协同优化稻米产量和品质的关键。

关键词: 播期, 优质稻, 产量, 米质, 气候因子

Abstract:

A high-quality variety Yongyou1540, which is widely promoted in Hangjiahu Plain in production, was used to investigate the effects of different sowing dates [April 30 (Ⅰ), May 10 (Ⅱ) and May 20 (Ⅲ)] on rice quality, yield and its components. The results demonstrated that delayed sowing significantly increased the yield of Yongyou1540, with the peak yield occurring on sowing period II and III. The yield improvement was primarily attributed to enhancements in yield components, except for panicles per area. Furthermore, the processing, appearance, and steaming quality of Yongyou1540 showed varying degrees of improvement with delayed sowing, while nutritional and palatable qualities exhibited variability. Therefore, sowing Yongyou1540 around May 10 achieved a synergistic improvement in both yield and rice quality in the Hangjiahu Plain. Further analysis between climatic parameters and rice yield and grain qualities showed that the average daily sunshine hours, average daily temperature, maximum daily temperature and minimum daily temperature during the panicle development and grain filling stage were negatively correlated with the grains per panicle (R=-0.25-0.82, P<0.001) and appearance (R=-0.28-0.90, P<0.001) quality of Yongyou1540. Conversely, the diurnal temperature difference during the grain filling period exhibited a positive relationship with grain weight(R=0.6, P<0.001), alkali extinction value (R=0.5, P<0.001), gum consistency (R=0.87, P<0.001), and protein content(R=0.74, P<0.001), but a negative correlation with amylose content(R=-0.83, P<0.001). These results indicated that moderately alleviating the high temperature stress during the panicle intitation period and the grain filling period and increasing the diurnal temperature difference during the filling period were crucial in improving the grain appearance quality and the cooking and tasting quality, which was the keys for improving the rice quality by sowing optimization.

Key words: sowing date, high quality rice, yield, rice quality, meteorological factors

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