关键词: 杂交水稻, 机械收割, 施氮方式, 湿度, 株高, 行走速度, 排风力, 稻谷损失率

Abstract:

The hybrid medium rice varieties Chuanyou 6203, nei6you 1787, nei6you 107 and Tianyouhuazhan were used as materials in 2019—2022 to study the effects of nitrogen application methods, plant wetting before machine harvest, harvested plant height and air exhaust strength on the yield loss rate of machine harvested rice in order to reduce the yield loss of machine harvested rice, and integrate the machine harvest loss reduction technology for multi-point and large-area comparative demonstration. The results showed that the rice loss rate of “base fertilizer ∶ ear fertilizer∶ grain fertilizer =6∶2∶2” was only 2.51%, significantly lower than those of “base fertilizer ∶ tiller fertilizer ∶ ear fertilizer=5∶3∶2” and “base fertilizer ∶ tiller fertilizer =7∶3”. Spraying 1 500 kg and 3 000 kg of clean water per hm² resulted in a loss rates of 9.30% and 16.39% respectively, which was significantly higher than without spraying clean water treatment(5.17%). No matter what kind of rice varieties, the rice loss rate was the lowest when the length from the cutting stem to the spike top is about 80 cm. The rice yield were no significant difference between the low wind and the traditional manual semi-automatic harvesting, both of which were significantly higher than the medium and high wind harvest. The regional comparison and demonstration of the integrated machine harvesting loss reduction technology with the above best experimental treatment as the core shows that the average rice loss is only 208.5 kg/hm², which reduces the rice loss by 367.5 kg/hm² compared with the existing machine harvesting technology in a large area, and the loss reduction effect is remarkable.

Key words: hybrid rice, mechanical harvesting, nitrogen application, humidity, plant height, travel speed, exhaust air force, rice loss rate