关键词: 粳稻, 寒地, 育种, 抗寒, 抗倒伏, 株型, 黑龙江

Abstract:

Heilongjiang is a major province for japonica rice production in China, with the highest total output, commodity volume, commodity rate, commodity transfer out volume and per capita rice production, which is mainly due to the continuous renewal of rice varieties. In recent years, great progress has been made in japonica rice breeding in Heilongjiang province. The breeding theory and technical system of semierect panicle new plant type with rapid growth characteristics at early stage, and disease resistance, cold resistance and lodging resistance of early japonica rice in cold areas have been established. A number of good-quality, high-yield potential and multi-resistance rice varieties represented by Longjing 31 were bred and popularized, which finished the history of Japanese variety kongyu 131 dominating the production of early japonica rice in cold areas in China for more than 10 years. In 2020, “new Longjing varieties of early japonica rice with high quality, high yield and multi-resistance in cold regions” was rated as one of the top ten landmark achievement in agricultural science and technology in China's 13th Five-Year Plan for its historic breakthrough in early japonica rice breeding in cold regions in China. It has surpassed the well-known varieties in similar rice areas at home and abroad, reached the world leading level in terms of yield, resistance, adaptability and application area. In this paper, the corresponding suggestions and countermeasures are put forward for the problems existing in japonica rice breeding in Heilongjiang.

Key words: japonica rice, cold region, breeding, cold resistance, lodging resistance, plant type, Heilongjiang