华南优质杂交水稻品种选育与发展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.05.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文针对华南广东、广西优质杂交稻育种的两个阶段进行了综述。第1个阶段为中等直链淀粉含量优质杂交稻发展阶段,育成了粒型较好、心腹白较少、透明度好的博A、秋A、美A、粤泰A、天丰A、五丰A、荣丰A和吉丰A等8个不育系,并利用其配组育成博优998、天优998、五优308等中等直链淀粉含量的优质杂交稻品种149个通过审定。此外,还利用两系不育系培矮64S配组育成培杂双七、培杂泰丰等9个中等直链淀粉含量的优质两系杂交稻品种通过审定。第2个阶段为低直链淀粉含量的优质杂交稻发展阶段,育成了粤丰A、泰丰A、野香A、广8A、丰田1A等15个优质不育系,并利用其配组育成泰丰优208、野香优莉丝、丰田优553等低直链淀粉含量优质杂交稻品种212个通过审定。同时,利用五山丝苗、粤农丝苗、五山油占等8个高产抗病兼用型优质常规稻作恢复系和优质恢复系华占与丙4114配组育成175个低直链淀粉含量优质杂交稻品种通过审定。从2015年开始,在每年的全国年推广面积前十大品种中,由华南直接育成或利用华南亲本合作育成的杂交稻品种占到一半以上,为我国优质籼稻产业发展发挥了巨大作用。最后还讨论了当前华南优质杂交稻存在问题和今后育种的发展方向。

关键词: 杂交水稻, 育种, 稻米品质, 直链淀粉含量, 华南

Abstract:

In this paper, the development of high-quality hybrid rice varieties in south China, including two stages, were summarized. The first stage is the development of high-quality hybrid rice with medium amylose content（AC）. During this period, eight male sterile lines of rice with better grain shape, less chalkiness and good transparency, such as Bo A, Qiu A, Mei A, Yuetai A, Tianfeng A, Wufeng A, Rongfeng A and Jifeng A, were bred, and 149 high-quality hybrid rice varieties with medium amylose content, such as Boyou 998, Tianyou 998, and Wuyou 308, were developed by using these 8 male sterile lines as female parent. In addition, 9 two-line hybrid rice varieties with fine quality, such as Peizashuangqi, Peizataifeng, etc., were also developed by using P/G MS line Pei’ai64S. The second stage is the development stage of high-quality hybrid rice with low amylose content, and 13 high-quality sterile lines including Yuefeng A, Taifeng A, Yexiang A, Guang 8A, and Toyota 1A have been bred, and totally about 212 high-quality hybrid rice varieties with low amylose content, such as Taifengyou 208, Yexiangyou Lisi, and Fengtianyou 553, were developed by using these 15 male sterile lines as female parent. Moreover, Huazhan and Bing 4114 and 8 high-yield and disease-resistant and high-quality conventional rice, such as Wushansimiao, Yuenongsimiao, Wushanyouzhan, were used as restorer lines, and 175 high-quality hybrid rice varieties have been developed and released for commercial production. Since 2015, averagely more than half of the top ten hybrid rice varieties of annual planting area in China, were bred or cooperatively bred by using the MS lines or restore lines developed in south China. The improvement of rice grain quality and breeding in south China played an important role in development of high-quality hybrid rice production. In the end, the current problems of high-quality hybrid rice varieties in south China and the prospects of breeding were discussed.

Key words: hybrid rice, breeding, grain quality, amylose content, south China

中图分类号:

S511.035

王丰. 华南优质杂交水稻品种选育与发展[J]. 中国稻米, 2022, 28(5): 107-116.

WANG Feng. Breeding and Development of High-quality Hybrid Rice in South China[J]. China Rice, 2022, 28(5): 107-116.

图/表 4

表1 1985—2011年期间华南育成三系不育系品质及其优质组合数

表2 第2阶段（1998—2020）育成的优质不育系

表3 优质常规稻与优质恢复系及其组配育成的代表性优质杂交稻组合

表4 2013—2020年杂交稻种植面积前十大品种

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