超级杂交稻与常规稻产量形成及养分吸收利用的比较研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.04.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明超级杂交稻与常规稻产量、干物质生产及氮、磷、钾养分吸收利用的特点，以穗粒结构相近的超级杂交稻品种两优培九、Y两优1号和常规稻品种黄华占、玉香油占为材料，于2011-2013年在长沙（N 28°12′）进行了高氮（225 kg/hm2）、中氮（113～161 kg/hm2）、不施氮（0 kg/hm2）处理的大田栽培试验。结果表明，超级杂交稻平均产量9.55和9.57 t/hm2，比黄华占增产5.99%，比玉香油占增产9.38%，增产显著；成熟期平均干物质积累量18.05和18.24 t/hm2，分别比黄华占、玉香油占增加7.12%和11.22%，差异显著；氮吸收量为189.5～193.9 kg/hm2，分别比黄华占和玉香油占增加5.45%和4.41%，但产量与N、P、K吸收量之间呈非线性二次函数关系，复相关系数显著；每667 m2氮、磷、钾需要量分别为19.79和20.09 kg、3.90和4.09 kg、20.57和22.37 kg，显著低于常规稻品种，并且在施氮肥条件下，产量与N、P、K养分需要量之间为显著线性相关；氮肥吸收利用率和偏生产率的品种间差异显著，农学利用率和生理利用率品种间差异不显著；超级杂交稻氮收获指数为68.6%和69.1%，显著高于常规稻（62.7%和64.0%），但品种间氮素籽粒生产效率的差异不显著。可见，超级杂交稻高产与N、P、K养分高效利用相协调。

关键词: 超级稻, 产量, 干物质, 氮利用率

Abstract: To ascertain the characteristics of yield formation, dry matter production and the nutrient uptake and utilization of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） between super hybrid rice and conventional rice, taking similar panicles size of super hybrid rice （Liangyou peijiu, Y Liangyou 1） and conventional rice （Huanghuazhan, Yuxiangyouzhan） as materials, the field experiment with high N level （225 （kg/hm2）, medium N level （113～161 kg/hm2）, and no N level （0 kg/hm2） was conducted in Changsha （N 28°12′） from 2011 to 2013. The results showed that super hybrid rice yield in average 9.55 and 9.57 t/hm2 rice grains, produced averagely 18.05 and 18.24 t/hm2 dry matter and assimilated averagely 189.5 and 193.9 kg/hm2 N at maturity stage, of which increased significantly by 5.99% and 9.38%, 7.12% and 11.22%, 5.45% and 4.41% compared with conventional rice, respectively. Both super hybrid rice and conventional rice showed the nonlinear relationship of quadratic function between the grain yield and the N, P, K uptake rates and the multiple correlation coefficient was significant. Requirements for N, P and K of super hybrid rice were up to 19.79 and 20.09 kg, 3.90 and 4.09 kg, 20.57 and 22.37 kg, respectively, of which was significantly lower than that of conventional varieties. Under the condition of nitrogen application, there was a significantly linear correlation between the grain yield and the N, P, K nutrient requirements. Nitrogen recovery efficiency and its partial productivity showed the significant difference among tested varieties, but the agronomy efficiency and physiological utilization efficiency did not show the significant difference among the varieties. Nitrogen harvest index of super hybrid rice was as high as 68.6% and 69.1% and significantly higher than that of conventional rice （62.7% and 64.0%）, but no significant difference of N grain production efficiency was observed among the varieties. It is concluded that the high-yielding super hybrid rice was coordinated with the N, P, K nutrients utilization.

Key words: super rice, yield, dry matter, nitrogen utilization

中图分类号:

S511.048

夏冰, 蒋鹏, 谢小兵, 赵杨, 魏颖娟, 黄敏, 邹应斌*. 超级杂交稻与常规稻产量形成及养分吸收利用的比较研究[J]. 中国稻米, 2015, 21(4): 38-43.

XIA Bing, JIANG Peng, XIE Xiao-Bing, ZHAO Yang, WEI Ying-Juan, HUANG Min, ZOU Ying-Bin-*. Comparative Study on Yield Formation and Nutrient Uptake and Utilization between Super Hybrid Rice and Conventional Rice[J]. , 2015, 21(4): 38-43.

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