水稻光合生理限制因素及改善途径研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.04.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 光合作用是复杂的生物合成过程，是决定水稻产量潜力的重要因素。提高水稻产量的方向已经由以往的挑选最佳株型和提高收获指数转向提高光合速率或者光利用率。本文综述了水稻光合作用的光反应与暗反应过程中的生理限制因素，归纳了提高光合效率的多种潜在途径，包括：优化冠层中叶绿素分布梯度，增加Rubisco酶的羧化活性，减少光呼吸消耗，平衡RuBP的再生和羧化能力等。也从实践角度探讨了遗传改良中可能的靶标生理途径，包括：降低Rubisco酶的加氧活性，提高叶肉导度以及构建C4水稻。相对于C3光合途径，C4光合途径具有CO2浓缩机制，从而有更高效的光合速率以及光能利用率，通过基因工程技术将C4关键光合酶/基因引入水稻，对提高水稻光合效率有很大的帮助。

关键词: 水稻, 光反应, 暗反应, 生理, 限制因素, C4水稻

Abstract: Photosynthesis is a complicate biosynthetic process, which plays an important role in determining the potential yield of rice. The direction of improving rice yield has been shifted from selecting optimal plant architecture and increase harvest index to improve photosynthetic rate or photosynthetic efficiency. This review summarized the physiological limitations in both light reaction and dark reaction of rice photosynthesis and concluded the potential improve approaches, including: optimize canopy chlorophyll concentration, increase the carboxylase activity of Rubisco, bypass photorespiration, balance RuBP regeneration and carboxylation, etc. We also discussed the essential challenges of improving rice photosynthetic performances, such as decrease the oxygenase activity of Rubisco, improve mesophyll conductance and construct C4 rice. The basic difference between C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathway is C4 pathway has the so-called CO2-concentration mechanism. It ensures C4 plant having higher photosynthetic rate and photo-efficiency. Introducing key enzymes and genes of photosynthesis through genetic engineering technology will be helpful for improving rice photosynthesis and further increasing rice yield in the future.

Key words: rice, light reaction, dark reaction, physiology, limitation, C4 rice

中图分类号:

S511

周振翔, 李志康, 戴琪星, 孔祥胜, 王志琴, 顾骏飞. 水稻光合生理限制因素及改善途径研究[J]. 中国稻米, 2015, 21(4): 25-32.

ZHOU Zhen-Xiang, LI Zhi-Kang, DAI Qi-Xing, KONG Xiang-Sheng, WANG Zhi-Qin, GU Jun-Fei. Physiological Limitations and Possible Improve Approaches of Rice Photosynthesis[J]. , 2015, 21(4): 25-32.

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